successful integration of distributed generation in rural areas

Transcription

1 successful integration of distributed generation in rural areas Dr. Oliver Franz / Dr.-Ing. Torsten Hammerschmidt, RWE Deutschland AG, Regulatory Management / Grid Strategy RWE Deutschland SEITE 1

2 Agenda A Future Grids in a Smart Energy World B Energy Supply-Tasks define Grid Requirements C Evaluation of innovative Grid Concepts D Realisation of a Demonstration-Smart-Grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 2

3 Customer applications drive energy demand Smart Grids E-Mobility E-Energy Future Market Place Smart Customer Smart Metering Smart Home Virtual Power Plant Meter MUC MUC: Multi Utility Communication RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 3

4 The Project: Grids for Future Electricity Supply Project Consortium Project Leader Objective Timeline RWE Deutschland AG > Identification of efficient distribution grid concepts > Further development of evaluation methods > Further development of equipment > Realisation of a large-scale field demonstration July 2009 Sept Carried out by the consortium Oct Dec Verification phase by RWE RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 4

5 Agenda A Future Grids in a Smart Energy World B Energy Supply-Tasks define Grid Requirements C Evaluation of innovative Grid Concepts D Realisation of a Demonstration-Smart-Grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 5

6 Photovoltaics will Exceed Growth Rates of Wind Power in Germany GW Wind offshore Wind onshore Solar power + 21 GW / 10 a Wind Power in the Past + 33 GW / 10 a Solar Power in the Future Demonstration Grid Area: 170 km² Covered Area 5,500 Inhabitants 2,300 Service Connections 11.8 MW Ren. Generation 2.9 MW Max. Load Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 6

7 Energy Supply-Task Description of all 413 Administrative Districts in Germany 5 Steps of Analysis P1 P2 P P1 P2 P P1 P2 P45 P1 LK 1 P2 1,0 1,2 P45 50,1 LK P1 1 P2 1,0 1,2 P45 50,1 LK 1 1,0 1,2 50,1 LK 1 1,0 1,2 50,1 LK 1 1,0 1,2 50,1 413 LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 Administrative LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 Districts in LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 Germany LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 45 Parameters describe the Energy Supply-Tasks RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 7

8 Inhomogeneity of energy supply-task drives grid-costs A Rural Administrative District in Germany Load per area: Urban area Rural area with supply Rural area without supply Generation per area: Wind power Photovoltaics Hydro power 1 km² Biomass energy Source: Google RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 8

9 Agenda A Future Grids in a Smart Energy World B Energy Supply-Tasks define Grid Requirements C Evaluation of innovative Grid Concepts D Realisation of a Demonstration-Smart-Grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 9

10 Innovative Concepts help to Reduce the Increase in Grid Costs Lines still in Use: 1,800 km New Lines: 260 km Unnecessary Lines: 270 km 50 % Regulated Substations Max. Load: Generation: Grid Length: 135 MW 110 MW 2,070 km 18 % exceeding grid Max. Load: Generation: Grid Length: 120 MW 210 MW 2,060 km RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 10

11 Agenda A Future Grids in a Smart Energy World B Energy Supply-Tasks define Grid Requirements C Evaluation of innovative Grid Concepts D Realisation of a Demonstration-Smart-Grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 11

12 Different innovative solutions are realized in the test grid area sorted into 4 groups 1 Use of information- and communication technology (ICT) 2 Disposition of storage devices 3 Local voltage control to exploit grid transportation capacity 4 Hierarchical supply layers in medium voltage level RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 12

13 Tested solutions for distribution grids 1 Use of information- and communication technology (ICT) ICT to reconstitute grid observability in medium voltage Synchronism of renewable electricity generation Wide area control RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 13

14 Active power [kw] Reconstitution of grid observability is accessible through a few specific measuring points Primary 20-kV-substation Measuring point BioCHP Windpower BioCHP Windpower Windpower Secondary substation with PV-feed-in 20-kV-overhead line 20-kV-cable Open sectioning point Power distribution Power collection RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 14

15 Synchronism of PV-generation: Only 1 % of the energy is provided > 70 % PN at service connections; at secondary substations this value drops to 0.4 % of energy Same effect: > Local storage of peak feed-ins or > Statistical balancing of renewable generation inside a distribution grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 15

16 Synchronism of wind and PV-generation: bad and good weather are not at the same time G 2 ( solar), i 0, 9 n m 0,7 P N PN ( wind), i i 1 i 1 2 RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 16

17 Wide area control: Reduces grid expansion by optimized voltage control Basic design of a wide area control system: 110 kv 110 kv Control principle: Control system f(x) > Status 0 (reference value): normal load and feed-ins medium voltage > Status 1 (reduced reference value): low load and high feed-ins G G > Status 2 (increased reference value): high load and low feed-ins G G G G Communication link Voltage measurements at extreme points in secondary substations Goal: Optimising the voltage control of the 110-kV-Transformer by using voltage measurements from extreme points of the medium voltage grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 17

18 Wide area control: Design of the measuring systems RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 18

19 Results of wide area control: Voltage fluctuations are reduced by 30 % Voltage fluctuations [V] Ø % 33% % 28% 27% 29% Circuit A Circuit B Circuit C Circuit D Circuit E Voltage control with wide area control assistance Voltage control without wide area control assistance Average voltage fluctuations RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 19

20 Tested solutions for distribution grids 2 Disposition of storage devices Biogas storage in coordination with fluctuating energy resources works as a storage for all kinds of renewables RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 20

21 Biogas storage in coordination with PV-generation works similar to a battery Medium Voltage 3 ~ 3 ~ AC DC Air Cushion gas Substrate (liquid) Weather membrane Stored biogas ( m³) Moving membrane Stirring M unit Belt system Heater Biogas Storage PV Digester RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 21

22 Installations inside the Biogas Storage Reservoir The biogas storage covers a digestate storage RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 22

23 00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00 CHP power [kw] PV-feed-in [%] Biogas storage in coordination with PV-generation CHP power PV power Biogas storage 3.2 MWh el kVA-CHP RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 23

24 Thank you for your attention and greetings from Smart Country Windpower PV generation Biogas storage Biogas generation because the energy transition is taking place in the countryside RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 24

25 Backup RWE Deutschland SEITE 25

26 Tested solutions for distribution grids 3 Local voltage control to exploit grid transportation capacity Electronic voltage regulator in medium voltage level Voltage regulated secondary substation RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 26

27 Local voltage control to exploit grid capacity: 8-MVA-regulator serial in 20-kV-overhead-line Grid P=7.4 MW Q=3.2 Mvar P=6.5 MW Q=3.2 Mvar ΔU = 20% P=0.9 MW Q=0.0 Mvar P=0.7 MW Q=0.3 Mvar Load S=8 MVA P=7.2 MW Q=3.5 Mvar cosφ=0.9 AC / DC /AC S Voltage-Regulation =0.8 MVA (approx. 10% of the power flow) RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 27

28 400-kVA-substation with flexible added active voltage regulation at low voltage level 20 kv 0.4 kv Transformation ~ = = ~ Voltage control PCS 100 AVC Product Design > +/-10% Continuous Regulation > Pilot Project: 400 kva AVC 400 V RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 28

29 Voltage In operation: 30 days with constant output voltage Output voltage Input voltage Time RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 29

30 Tested solutions for distribution grids 4 Hierachical supply layers in medium voltage level Strong cable line with electronic sectionalizers RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 30

31 Strong cable line with electronic sectionalizers Existing grid (overhead line) Open section point Grid expansion for DER (cabel) Circuit breaker Sectionalizer RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt SEITE 31