ELECTRIC MOBILITY JANUARY.2011

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1 ELECTRIC MOBILITY JANUARY.2011

2 INDEX I.MOBI.E THEPORTUGUESEPROGRAMFORELECTRICMOBILITY Milestones Governance... 3 II.THEMOBI.EMODEL Approach Principles ValueProposition InternationalComparison:PioneerinInteroperability Vehicle To Grid(V2G)... 5 III.THEMOBI.ESYSTEM Who swhointhemobi.esystem PilotNetwork Technology ITSolution ChargingConcept Partners IV.MOBI.EINTERNATIONAL /14

I. MOBI.E THEPORTUGUESEPROGRAMFORELECTRICMOBILITY 1.

3 I. MOBI.E THEPORTUGUESEPROGRAMFORELECTRICMOBILITY 1. MILESTONES Earlyin2008,thePortugueseGovernmentlaunchedthenationalProgramforElectricMobility,aimedatcreating aninnovativeelectricmobilitymodel. Figure1:MilestonesofMOBI.E 2. GOVERNANCE MOBI.EiscoordinatedbytheOfficeforElectricMobilityinPortugal,GAMEP,andissupportedbyINTELI,apublic think tank. Manyprivatecompanies,asEDP,Efacec,Novabase,CriticalSotware,Siemensandotherstakeholders,havealso contributedwiththeskillsfromtheircorebusinessesforthedevelopmentofthemobi.eprogram. Figure2:MOBI.EGovernance 3/14

4 II. THEMOBI.EMODEL 1. APPROACH Early in 2008, the Portuguese Government launched a national Program for Electric Mobility. The program was aimedatcreatinganinnovativeelectricmobilitymodelandthefirstchargingnetworkwithnationalcoverage. The more significant the proportion of electricity produced from renewable sources, the higher the impact not only on local but also on overall emissions and on the dependence on fossil fuels and related effect on trade balances.thisisthecaseofportugal,whereabout43%ofelectricityisproducedfromrenewableenergies,witha growingimportanceofwindpower.thesmartintegrationbetweenmobilityandenergysystemswillresultonthe perspective of using vehicles as a decentralized mega battery, capable of charging preferably from renewable sourcesinlow demandperiodsandreturningelectricitytothenetworkaccordingtodemand. The MOBI.E electric mobility model is a fully integrated and totally interoperable system, multi retailer and multi operator. In practice, it is a national electric mobility system that allows any individual the access to any provider of electricity in any chargingpointexploredbyanyserviceoperator.thisensurestransparency,lowentry barriersandcompetitionalongthevaluechain,andrunsunderabusinessandservice model that takes advantage on the growing importance of electricity produced with basisonrenewableenergy. Portugal is one of the first countries in the world to have an integrated policy for electricmobilityandachargingnetworkforelectricvehicleswithnationalcoverage. 2. PRINCIPLES TheMOBI.Esystemwasdesignedwithspecialfocusontheuser,i.e.,asasupporttoacostumercentricbusiness andservicemodel themobi.emodel addressedatelectricvehicleusers,eitherindividualsorothers,suchas fleetoperators,inanopenandcompetitiveenvironment. MOBI.Ebringsforwardaninnovativeconceptfoundeduponthefollowingprinciples: USERFOCUSANDSEAMLESSUSAGE user centereddesignandintegrationoffinancialandenergyflows throughcentralizedbillingandmanagement NATIONALCOVERAGE involvingthemaincitiesandmainroads UNIVERSAL ACCESS access to different energy retailers and single user authentication in the whole chargingnetwork,aswellastechnicalcompatibilitywithanyvehicleorbatterysupplier COMPETITIVEMARKETPRICING competitivetotalcostofownershipcomparedtoconventionalinternal combustionengines PRIVATEINVESTMENT networkopentodifferentprivateinvestors RENEWABLE ENERGIES FOCUS privileged use of electricity from renewable sources mainly from excesswindenergygeneratedduringlowconsumptionperiodsandintegrationwithsmartgridsandv2g OPENSOLUTION allowingthedevelopmentofadditionalbusinessmodels 4/14

5 3. VALUEPROPOSITION TheMOBI.Esystemestablishesaclear,wellstructuredservicevaluechain,settingwell definedactorsandroles althoughwithenoughflexibilitytoenableitscustomizationtodifferentmarketframeworks.themobi.esystemis able to deliver a clear value perspective for all stakeholders, setting a transparent view of all components of serviceprice. Formobilityandenergyregulators,MOBI.Emeansreinforcementofplanningandmanagementcapabilitiesandof theabilitytoshapemobilityandenergyusepatternsinanintegratedway. MOBI.E was also designed to integrate value added or additional services, such as parking, into a concept of integrated mobility service. This results on the possibility to provide users with the ability to manage their electric vehicle based mobility in real time, and to connect to Intelligent Transportation Systems and public transportmanagementsystems. 4. INTERNATIONALCOMPARISON:PIONEERININTEROPERABILITY MOBI.Eisanopenaccess,fullyinteroperablesystem,abletointegratedifferentplayersoftheservicevaluechain. MOBI.Eenablestheintegrationofseveralelectricmobilityelectricityretailersandchargingserviceoperatorsinto onesinglesystem,thusstimulatingcompetition.thecentralmanagementsystem,withadedicatedlayerforfull compatibility, makes it possible to integrate any charging equipment from any manufacturer and to connect to multiplesystemsfromthirdparties. Hence, MOBI.E allows any user to charge any vehicle in any location without any worries for technical compatibility,byusingasinglesubscriptionserviceandauthenticationmechanism. At the same time, it allows full transparency for all stakeholders and the generation of multiple market based opportunitieswithdifferentbusinessmodels. 5. VEHICLE TO GRID(V2G) Recent technological breakthroughs in diverse areas in the computer and electronic engineering industries are increasingly finding their application into the various EV system components. Notably, one such enabling technologyisv2g/g4v(vehicletogrid,gridforvehicle),whichallowsbidirectionalenergyandinformationflow betweentheelectricalgridandthevehicle,inan intelligent way. VehicleintegrationwithintelligentV2G/G4Vnetworksopenswayfornewbusinessmodels,inwhichusersassume a role as prosumers simultaneously consumers and suppliers of energy through intelligent systems that interconnect vehicles, users and the charging network. In practice, vehicle charging makes use of the existing networkathomeoratspecificchargingpoints,wherebidirectionalflowallows buying fromor selling energy tothenetworkinloworhighdemandperiods. V2G/GAV 5/14

6 Source:INTELI,adaptedfromACPropulsion The electrical vehicle then becomes a platform for continuous and (quasi )optimal energy (electricity) management, establishing valuable synergistic links with the electrical Utilities, as shown above. Working as a distributednetworkofbatteries,urbanvehicleshaveastabilizingeffectonthesupplyinfrastructure.demandand supply peak effects are lowered (peak shaving), which allows lower capacity and maintenance investmentsand innovativeservicemodelsperspectives(win winforenergycompanies). MOBI.Ewasdesignedhavinginmindasmartintegrationwiththepowergrid. 6/14

III. THEMOBI.ESYSTEM 1. WHO SWHOINTHEMOBI.ESYSTEM Full integration and transparency result on low entry barriers and a clear view on return on the investment, fosteringtheattractionofprivateinvestors.

ElectricMobilityOperator:ownsandoperateschargingpoints,makingthechargingserviceavailabletousers throughthedifferentelectricmobilityretailers 2.

7 III. THEMOBI.ESYSTEM 1. WHO SWHOINTHEMOBI.ESYSTEM Full integration and transparency result on low entry barriers and a clear view on return on the investment, fosteringtheattractionofprivateinvestors.mobi.emakesitsimpleforanystakeholdertodrawitsownbusiness caseandtobeanactiveplayerinelectricmobility. TheMOBI.Emodelleadstothecreationofthreenewentitytypesinelectricmobility: 1. ElectricMobilityOperator:ownsandoperateschargingpoints,makingthechargingserviceavailabletousers throughthedifferentelectricmobilityretailers 2. ElectricityRetailerforElectricMobility:sellselectricityforElectricVehiclesthroughthenetworksofElectric MobilityOperators 3. Managing Authority for the Operation of the Electric Mobility Network: settlement of all energy and information flows between operators and retailers, network monitoring, emission of MOBI.E user cards, licensing of new operators. The Managing Authority is thus a platform for the integrated management of electricmobility,availabletoalloperators,electricityretailersandusers. TheMOBI.EModel:PlayersandRoles 2. PILOTNETWORK Apilotphase,consistingontheintroductionofaminimumpublicnetworkwithnationalcoverage(1350charging points in the main 25 cities and main roads), will be fully implemented up to June 2011, thus allowing electric vehicleuserstheabilitytotravelthroughoutthecountrywithoutrangeanxiety. This first minimum network will be complemented by market driven private operators,which will contribute to build a wider and comprehensive network, including street, public car parks, shopping centres, service stations, hotels,airportsandprivategarages. 7/14

ThetechnologicalsolutionthatwillbetestedinthispilotphaseisaresultofasignificantinvestmentinR&Dand engineering

electric and electronics systems, ICT and energy. The MOBI.

designedunderaflexibleapproachthatallowsthemtobeadjustedtoawidesetofrealities.

8 ThetechnologicalsolutionthatwillbetestedinthispilotphaseisaresultofasignificantinvestmentinR&Dand engineering by firms and R&D organizations from a range of technological areas and industrial sectors such as automotive, electric and electronics systems, ICT and energy. The MOBI.E model and charging system were designedunderaflexibleapproachthatallowsthemtobeadjustedtoawidesetofrealities.thetechnicalsolution takes into account all the operational, security and safety specifications, leading to the full integration of all informationandenergyflowsandfinancialtransactions. Figure3:PilotPhase Normal Fast Figure4:FirstInstalledChargingPoint(Lisboa) 8/14

3. TECHNOLOGY Furthertotheimpactintermsofsustainability,theelectricvehicleis,clearly,acoreareaofR&Dandinnovation,in new vehicle and powertrain generations, battery technologies, charging systems and

9 3. TECHNOLOGY Furthertotheimpactintermsofsustainability,theelectricvehicleis,clearly,acoreareaofR&Dandinnovation,in new vehicle and powertrain generations, battery technologies, charging systems and smart electricity networks, complementedbyictsystems.theportuguesegovernmentisdeeplycommittedtothisendeavor,bycreatingall the conditions to make Portugal a reference for electric mobility, a favourable environment for the design, development,productionandtestingofconceptsandgenerationsofproductsandservicesforelectricmobility ITSOLUTION TheMOBI.EsystemreliesonacomprehensiveITmanagementplatformthatinterconnectsallstakeholdersaround awelldefinedservicevaluechain,throughtheintegrationofallinformation,energyandfinancialfluxes,ensuring transparency,serviceintegration,competitionandreinforcedmanagementcapabilityforallstakeholders. Figure5:NetworkManagementSystem Someofthesystem smainfeaturesinclude: 1. Real timemonitoringofchargingpoints,includingchargingstatusandvacancyinformation 2. Remotemonitoringofthechargingprocess 3. CRMplatform 4. Web basedmulti platformaccess:pc,pda,cellphone 5. Integratedinvoicingwithsupplementaryservices: Parking,publictransports,domesticelectricity,personalandbusinessaccounts 6. Roaming Betweenelectricmobilityelectricityretailers 9/14

Mobilitymanagementand historicaltrack AggregationofVAS Informationonnetworkstatus Remotemanagementofcharging stations Financialsettlementservicefor VAS(parking, ) Pre paid/post paidbilling

10 ThefollowingareservicesprovidedwithintheMOBI.Esystem. Figure6:ServiceBasedApproach ForUsers ForChargingOperators ForElectricityResellers Multi platformaccess Chargingstationlocationand availability Chargingstationreservation Carbatterystatus Mobilitymanagementand historicaltrack AggregationofVAS Informationonnetworkstatus Remotemanagementofcharging stations Financialsettlementservicefor VAS(parking, ) Pre paid/post paidbilling capabilityforvas Integrationwiththirdpartyloyalty programs Meteringinformation CRMplatform(clients,contracts, tariffs,helpdesk) Pre paid/post paidbilling capability Loyaltyprograms Financialsettlementservicefor baseandvas 3.2. CHARGINGCONCEPT CHARGINGPROFILES TheMOBI.Echargingnetworkincludesdifferentchargingstationstypologies: 1. NORMALchargingpoints: Athome Forfleets Sidewalk,parkinglots 2. FASTchargingpoints: Onmainroadsandhighways Ongasstations Onotherlocations Figure7:ChargingTypes 10/14

3.2.2 CONCEPT The charging concept developed by

based on a flexible and modularsolution: 1.

satellite stations, concentrating authentication,

allows low and easy maintenance and repair and

11 3.2.2 CONCEPT The charging concept developed by MOBI.E for street charging is rather innovative, based on a flexible and modularsolution: 1. One CENTRAL STATION capable of managing several satellite stations, concentrating authentication, managementandcommunicationinonesingleunit; 2. AsetofSATELLITESTATIONS(plugs). Modular design and construction and module sharing allows low and easy maintenance and repair and quick responsetotechnologicalevolution. Figure8:ConfigurationofChargingStations Figure9:UseConcept 11/14

12 The concept allows the development of multiple solutions for street, parking and home charging with shared modules. Figura1:ModularSolutions Onecentralcommandstationisabletocontrol250chargingstations: Easytoscaleup/Lowcost/Modularity Flexibilitytobeinsertedindifferentarchitecture Easyinstallationandmaintenance Mode3standardIEC62196connector(currentlycablemode1or2,withIEC60309connector) Chademocertified 3.3. PARTNERS The technological consortium of MOBI.E is a growing set of national and international companies, forming a dynamicpartnershipcapableofdeliveringcomprehensiveandinnovativesolutionsfordifferentapplications. The development of new generation mobility solutions Mobi.Car and Mobi.Byke as two leading examples complementthedevelopmentofafullyelectricintegratedmobilitysolution. Figure10:MOBI.ETechnologicalPartners 12/14

13 13/14

IV. MOBI.EINTERNATIONAL Electricmobilityiscrucialforourfuture.

gridswithmegadecentralizedbatterycapacity,whichwillcaptureenergyproducedbyrenewablesourcesinlowdemandperiodsandreturnittothenetworkaccordingtodemand. MOBI.

14 IV. MOBI.EINTERNATIONAL Electricmobilityiscrucialforourfuture.Thegrowingintroductionofelectricvehicleswillsignificantlycontribute to more sustainable mobility systems, reducing emissions and noise, particularly in urban environments. Additionally,electricvehicleswillcontributetoreducethecostsofourenergysystems,byprovidingsmartelectric gridswithmegadecentralizedbatterycapacity,whichwillcaptureenergyproducedbyrenewablesourcesinlowdemandperiodsandreturnittothenetworkaccordingtodemand. MOBI.E believes that it is a challenge to set a global strategy for electric mobility. Transnational approaches at electric mobility have to be designed with special focus on the users and ensure full compatibility and interoperability, competition and low entry barriers, resulting on competitive pricing and clear return for all stakeholders. Figure11:InternationalApproach MOBI.EInternationalwascreatedtosupportinternationalgovernmentsandorganizationsinthedevelopmentof theirelectricmobilitymodels. 14/14

ELECTRIC MOBILITY PORTUGAL SHOWCASE TO THE WORLD

ELECTRIC MOBILITY PORTUGAL SHOWCASE TO THE WORLD NOVEMBER.2010 INDEX I. PORTUGUESE PROGRAM FOR ELECTRIC MOBILITY... 3 1. Milestones... 3 2. Governance... 3 II. THE MOBI.E MODEL... 4 1. Approach... 4 2.