ELECTRIC MOBILITY PORTUGAL SHOWCASE TO THE WORLD

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1 ELECTRIC MOBILITY PORTUGAL SHOWCASE TO THE WORLD NOVEMBER.2010

2 INDEX I. PORTUGUESE PROGRAM FOR ELECTRIC MOBILITY Milestones Governance... 3 II. THE MOBI.E MODEL Approach Principles Value Proposal International Comparison: Pioneer in Interoperability Exploring V2G... 6 III. THE MOBI.E SYSTEM Who s Who in Electric Mobility Pilot Network Technology IT Solution Charging Concept Partners International Ambition /13

This program was aimed at creating a new approach at Electric Mobility, based on an innovative electric mobility model designed in view of creating the first national wide infrastructure at global

3 I. PORTUGUESE PROGRAM FOR ELECTRIC MOBILITY 1. MILESTONES Early in 2008, the Portuguese Government launched a working group on electric mobility that gave origin to the national Program for Electric Mobility. This program was aimed at creating a new approach at Electric Mobility, based on an innovative electric mobility model designed in view of creating the first national wide infrastructure at global level. Launched in operation in June 29 th 2010, this network will be implemented in the first semester of JUL 2008 ZERO EMISSION MOBILITY AGREEMENT 5 FEB 2009 LAUNCH OF PROGRAM FOR ELECTRIC MOBILITY 29 JUN 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE RECHARGING PORTUGAL MOU WITH MUNICIPALITIES MOU FOR CONSTITUTION OF MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY 20 AUG 2009 POLITICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MOBI.E ELECTRIC MOBILITY MODEL 21 SEP 2009 CONSTITUTION OF RENER MAY2010 LEGISLATION JUN2010 MOBI.E INTERNATIONAL JUL INSTALLATION OF PILOT NETWORK DEC 2010 PILOT NETWORK 320 SLOW Figure 1: Milestones of MOBI.E JUN 2011 PIL0T NETWORK COMPLETE SLOW + 50 FAST 2. GOVERNANCE MOBI.E is coordinated by GAMEP, the Office for Electric Mobility in Portugal, supported by INTELI s team allocated to GAMEP, and involves a large coordination effort between partners. Figure 2: MOBI.E Governance GAMEP Mr. Jõão Dias Program Management Management Team (INTELI) Program Activities Technical Team (INTELI) Partners 3/13

In fact, the more significant the proportion of electricity produced from renewable sources, the higher the impact not only on local but on overall emissions and on the dependence on fossil fuels and

4 II. THE MOBI.E MODEL 1. APPROACH Early in 2008, the Portuguese Government launched a national Program for Electric Mobility. The program aims at creating a new approach at Electric Mobility, based on an innovative electric mobility model designed in view of creating the first national wide infrastructure at global level. In fact, the more significant the proportion of electricity produced from renewable sources, the higher the impact not only on local but on overall emissions and on the dependence on fossil fuels and related effect on trade balances. This is the case of Portugal, where about 43% of electricity is produced from renewables, with a growing importance of wind power. The smart integration between mobility and energy systems will result on the perspective of using vehicles as a decentralized mega-battery, capable of charging preferably from renewable sources in low-demand periods and returning electricity to the network according to demand. The MOBI.E electric mobility model is a fully integrated and totally interoperable system, multi-retailer and multi-operator. In practice, a national electric mobility system that allows any individual the access to any provider of electricity in any charging point explored by any service operator. This ensures transparency, low entry barriers and competition along the value chain, and runs under a business and service model that takes advantage on the growing importance of electricity produced with basis on renewable energy. Portugal is one of the first countries in the world to have an integrated policy for electric mobility and a charging network for Electric Vehicles of a national nature. 2. PRINCIPLES The MOBI.E model takes a systemic approach to sustainable mobility, crossing different levels, from individuals to communities, each with diverse mobility and energy models. Its ambition is to become more than a set of local atomized initiatives but to be the first region-wide model (at the scale of Portugal or even Europe), creating value for all stakeholders, in an open and intrinsically competitive environment. The MOBI.E system was designed with special focus on the user, i.e., as a support to a costumer centric business and service model the MOBI.E model addressed at electric vehicle users, either individuals or others, such as fleet operators. Thus, MOBI.E brings forward an innovative concept founded upon the following principles: - USER FOCUS user-centered model design; - NATIONAL SCALE involving the main cities and highways; - UNIVERSAL ACCESS access to different energy retailers and single user-authentication in the whole charging points network as well as technical compatibility with any vehicle or battery supplier; - RENEWABLES INTEGRATION Privileged use of renewable electricity mainly from excess wind-based energy during low consumption periods and fast integration with intelligent networks in a V2G model; - COMPETITIVE MARKET PRICING when compared to conventional internal combustion engines; 4/13

5 - PRIVATE INVESTMENT inclusion of domestic private equity and the development of Portuguese technology and innovation; - FULL INTEGRATION Information, financial and energy flows integration through integrated billing and management; - OPEN SOLUTION allowing the development of other concepts ensuring greater probability of success when compared to the existing global competition for the leading technological solutions. 3. VALUE PROPOSAL The MOBI.E system establishes a clear, well structured service value chain, setting well defined actors and roles although with enough flexibility to enable its customization to different market frameworks. As a result, the MOBI.E system is able to deliver a clear value perspective for all stakeholders, setting a transparent view of all components of service price and enabling comprehensive management of return for any stakeholder involved. Further to transparency, MOBI.E is driven by convenience, so it was designed to integrate value added or additional services, such as parking, into a concept of integrated electric mobility service. This results on the possibility to provide users with the ability to manage their electric vehicle based mobility in real time, and even to connect this system to ITS and public transport management systems. For mobility and energy regulators, this means reinforcement of planning and management capabilities and of the ability to shape mobility and energy use patterns in an integrated way. 4. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON: PIONEER IN INTEROPERABILITY The MOBI.E concept and model development was based upon the study of different market solutions, mainly Project Betterplace and leading charging solution from Coulomb Technologies (ChargePoint) and Elektromotive (Elekrobay). The following figure shows the way in which the MOBI.E model ensures a set of distinctive features namely those concerning absolute interoperability and services integration capabilities. Such characteristic brings the leading edge in the international competition for the dominant technological solution. In reality the MOBI.E system will allow any user to charge any vehicle+battery model in any location without worries for technical compatibility, by using a single subscription service and authentication mechanism. At the same time, it will allow full transparency for all stakeholders and the gerneration of multiple market-based opportunities for specific business models. Figure 3: Comparison with Main Existing Approaches Modelo de negócio aberto Reduzidas barreiras à entrada Integração de informação Acesso a múltiplos comercializadores no ponto de carregamento Integração de múltiplos operadores Integração de outros serviços Todos os veículos e baterias MOBI.E is an open access, fully interoperable system, able to integrate different players at each level of the service value chain. MOBI.E enables the integration of several electric mobility electricity retailers and charging service 5/13

6 Battery Charge ELECTRIC MOBILITY operators into one single system, thus stimulating competition. This central management system, with a dedicated middleware layer for full protocol compatibility, will make it possible to integrate any charging equipment from any manufacturer via well defined protocols and to connect to multiple IT systems from third parties. MOBI.E is fully technical compatible, multi-operator, multi-retailer electric mobility system. Using the concept of clearing house for services and electricity, MOBI.E will be able to set a fully integrated network in Singapore, where any user, with any vehicle, will be able to charge at any location operated by any service provider and have access to any subscribed service with any electric mobility electricity retailer. 5. EXPLORING V2G Recent technological breakthroughs in diverse areas in the computer and electronic engineering industries are increasingly finding their application into the various EV system components. Notably, one such enabling technology is the commonly referred to V2G/G4V (Vehicle to Grid, Grid For Vehicle) which allows bidirectional energy (and information) flow between the electrical grid and the vehicle, in an intelligent way. The following graph attempts to describe the profile of typical battery use for daily operations base on daily home-work commuting. V2G / GAV 100% Off-peak On-peak Driving to work Charging at work Selling to netwotk Driving home Network stabilization Stabilizing effect on the network, charging on low demand periods and supplying in high demand Charging at home 0% Source: INTELI, adapted from AC Propulsion Therefore, it can be seen that vehicle integration with intelligent V2G/G4V networks opens way for new business models, in which users assume a role as prosumers, simultaneously consumers and suppliers of energy, through intelligent systems that interconnect vehicles, users and the charging network. In practice, vehicle charging makes use of the existing network at home (slow charging) or at specific charging points (slow / fast charging), where bidirectional flow allows buying from or selling energy to the network in low or high demand periods. The electrical vehicle then becomes a platform for continuous and (quasi-)optimal energy (electricity) management thus establishing valuable synergistic links with the electrical Utilities. Working as a distributed network of batteries, urban vehicles have a stabilizing effect on the supply infrastructure. Demand and supply peak effects are lowered (peak-shaving), which allows lower capacity and maintenance investments and innovative service models perspectives (win-win for energy companies). MOBI.E was designed having the smart integration with the power grid in mind. 6/13

7 III. THE MOBI.E SYSTEM 1. WHO S WHO IN ELECTRIC MOBILITY Full integration and transparency result on low entry barriers and a clear view on return on the investment, fostering the attraction of private investors. MOBI.E system makes it simple for any stakeholder to draw its own business case and to be an active player in electric mobility. The MOBI.E model leads to the creation of three new entity types which allow for value generation in electric mobility: 1. Electricity Retailer for Electric Mobility: sells electricity for Electric Vehicle battery charging through the charging network operators or the national distribution network (home/fleet base); 2. Electric Mobility Operator: operates charging point networks, making the charging service available to users through the different electric mobility retailers; 3. Managing Authority for the Operation of the Electric Mobility Network (SGORME): ensures the integration of stakeholders and services a well as the integrated management of energy and information flows in the framework of electric mobility. The MOBI.E Model: Players and Roles HOME USER Citizen / Organization USER Information Financial flow Energy Flow kwh NORMAL QUICK PARKING NORMAL QUICK PUBLIC NETWORK EGMOBI.E Transactions Management Operators and Retailers intermediation and integration RETAILER DISTRIBUTION PRODUCER X ELECTRIC MOBILITY ELECTRICITY RETAILER Sells electricity for EV vehicle charging CHARGING NETWORK OPERATOR Operates charging network access points, making the charging service available to its users through different electric mobility retailers MANAGING AUTHORITY Ensures integration between all stakeholders as well as the integrated management of information and energy flows within the electric mobility framework SERVICES OPERATOR Supplies additional services such as parking, which might be integrated into a single invoice ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Distributes and supplies the electricity sold by the electric mobility retailer SGORME will encompass a platform for the integrated management of electric mobility, which will be made available to the different operators, electricity retailers and users. This role will be particularly important during the pilot phase when it will bring coherence between the technical solutions adopted and the creation of a true national infrastructure. 2. PILOT NETWORK A pilot phase, consisting on the introduction of a national wide public network of normal and 50 fast charging points, will be fully implemented by the first semester of 2011 in the main 25 cities, thus allowing electric vehicle users the ability to travel throughout the country in all comfort and safety. This will be complemented by private partners, building a wide and comprehensive network, including street, public car parks, shopping centres, service stations, hotels, airports and private garages. The first MOBI.E charging point was inaugurated on June 29 th. 7/13

The pilot phase involves the installation of up to 1300 public slow charging points until the end of the 1 st semester of 2011, as well as 50 fast charging points.

Cascais Sintra Loures Lisboa Almada Setúbal Évora Beja Faro This network will be complemented by the introduction of charging points by private operators, mainly in private locations.

8 The pilot phase involves the installation of up to 1300 public slow charging points until the end of the 1 st semester of 2011, as well as 50 fast charging points. From its inception the technical solution will take into account all the operational, security and safety specifications, leading to the full integration of all information and energy flows and financial transactions. Figure 4: Pilot Phase Normal Fast Viana do Castelo Bragança Braga Guimarães Porto Vila Nova de Gaia Aveiro Coimbra Leiria Santarém Torres Vedras Vila Real Viseu Guarda Castelo Branco Portalegre Cascais Sintra Loures Lisboa Almada Setúbal Évora Beja Faro This network will be complemented by the introduction of charging points by private operators, mainly in private locations. A set of companies have joined GAMEP in this effort to promote a highly capillar network in the near future. The technological solution that will be tested in this pilot phase is a result of a significant investment in R&D and engineering by firms and R&D organizations from a range of technological areas and industrial sectors such as automotive, electric and electronics systems, ICT and energy. The MOBI.E model and charging system were designed under a flexible approach that allows them to be adjusted to a wide set of realities. Figure 5: First Installed Charging Point (Lisboa) 8/13

3. TECHNOLOGY Further to the impact in terms of sustainability, the electric vehicle is, clearly, a core area of R&D and innovation, in new vehicle and powertrain generations, battery technologies,

9 3. TECHNOLOGY Further to the impact in terms of sustainability, the electric vehicle is, clearly, a core area of R&D and innovation, in new vehicle and powertrain generations, battery technologies, charging systems and smart electricity networks, complemented by ICT systems. The Portuguese Government is deeply committed to this endeavour, by creating all the conditions to make Portugal a reference as a living lab for electric mobility, a favourable environment for the design, development, production and testing of concepts and generations of products and services for electric mobility IT SOLUTION The MOBI.E system relies on a comprehensive IT management platform that interconnects all stakeholders around a well defined service value chain, through the integration of all information, energy and financial fluxes. Ensuring transparency, service integration, competition and reinforced management capability for all stakeholders. Figure 6: Network Management System Main system features include: 1. Real-time visualization of charging points, including charging status and vacancy information 2. Remote monitoring charging process 3. CRM platform for stakeholders management 4. Web-based multi-platform access: PC, PDA, cell phone 5. Integrated invoicing with complementary services Parking, public transports, domestic electricity, creation of personal and business accounts 6. Roaming Between electric mobility electricity retailers 9/13

10 Following a service based approach, the following are services provided within the MOBI.E system. Figure 7: Service Based Approach For Users For Charging Operators For Electricity Resellers - Multi-platform access - Charging station location and availability - Charging station reservation - Car battery status - Charging station reservations - Mobility management and historical track - Aggregation of VAS - Information on network status - Remote management of charging stations - Financial compensation service for VAS (parking, ) - Pre-paid / post-paid billling capability for vas - Integration with third party loyalty programs - Metering information - CRM platform (clients, contracts, tariffs, helpdesk) - Pre-paid / post-paid billing capability - Loyalty programs - Financial compensation service for base and VAS 3.2. CHARGING CONCEPT CHARGING PROFILES The MOBI.E charging network will include different charging profiles, according to developing technologies and standards. Namely: 1. NORMAL charging points: At home For fleets On the street, parking lots, etc. 2. FAST charging points: On main roads and highways On service stations On other locations Figure 8: Charging Types NORMAL PRIVATE PUBLIC 16A-32A V AC QUICK Up to 200A / 500V DC 43 kw AC (future) 10/13

3.2.2 CONCEPT The charging concept developed by MOBI.

based on a highly flexible and modular solution: 1.

stations, concentrating authentication, management and

low and easy maintenance and repair and quick response to

11 3.2.2 CONCEPT The charging concept developed by MOBI.E partners for street charging is fairly innovative, being based on a highly flexible and modular solution: 1. One CENTRAL STATION capable of managing several satellite stations, concentrating authentication, management and communication in one single unit; 2. A set of SATELLITE STATIONS (plugs). Modular design and construction and module sharing allows low and easy maintenance and repair and quick response to technological evolution. Figure 9: Configuration of Charging Stations CENTRAL STATION + SATELLITE + Figure 10: Use Concept /13

The concept allows the development of multiple solutions for street,

Figura 1: Modular Solutions SERVICE STATIONS CAR DEALERS STRATEGIC

station will be able control up to 250 charging stations: - Easy to scale

architecture - Easy installation and maintenance - Evolution to the future

60309 connector) 3.3. PARTNERS Technological partners include a growing

dynamic consortium capable of delivering a comprehensive an innovative

Also, the development of new generation mobility solutions, within Mobi.

Byke programs, will complement the development of a fully electric

E CONCEPT AND MODEL BUSINESS PROCESSES AND ARQUITECTURE Figure 11: MOBI.

12 The concept allows the development of multiple solutions for street, parking and home charging with shared modules. Figura 1: Modular Solutions SERVICE STATIONS CAR DEALERS STRATEGIC LOCATIONS URBAN SOLUTIONS HOME AND INTERIOR PARKING - One central command station will be able control up to 250 charging stations: - Easy to scale up / Low cost / Modularity - Flexibility to be inserted in different architecture - Easy installation and maintenance - Evolution to the future mode 3 standard IEC connector (currently cable mode 1 or 2, with IEC connector) 3.3. PARTNERS Technological partners include a growing set of national and international firms, as displayed below, forming a dynamic consortium capable of delivering a comprehensive an innovative solution for different applications. Also, the development of new generation mobility solutions, within Mobi.Car and Mobi.Byke programs, will complement the development of a fully electric integrated mobility solution. MOBI.E CONCEPT AND MODEL BUSINESS PROCESSES AND ARQUITECTURE Figure 11: MOBI.E Technological Partners ITSOLUTION CHARGING SOLUTION INTEGRATION WITH THE GRID PILOT TEST & OPERATION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT NETWORK MANAGEMENT MULTI-USE HOME FAST PILOT CHARGING NETWORK OPERATION MOBI.E MANAGEMENT & OPERATION CONCEPT STYLING AND HMI MOBI.VEHICLES MOBI.CAR MOBI.BIKE 12/13

4. INTERNATIONAL AMBITION The Portuguese Government and MOBI.E partners believe it to be a challenge to set a global strategy and, furthermore, a global strategy and action plan for electric mobility.

on competitive pricing and clear return for all stakeholders. Electric mobility represents a crucial opportunity for the future sustainability.

13 4. INTERNATIONAL AMBITION The Portuguese Government and MOBI.E partners believe it to be a challenge to set a global strategy and, furthermore, a global strategy and action plan for electric mobility. Transnational approaches at electric mobility should be designed with special focus on the users and ensure low full compatibility and interoperability, competition and low entry barriers, resulting on competitive pricing and clear return for all stakeholders. Electric mobility represents a crucial opportunity for the future sustainability. The growing introduction of electric vehicles will contribute significantly for more efficient mobility systems, reducing the impacts of mobility, such as emissions and noise, particularly in urban environments. The smart integration between mobility and energy systems will result on the perspective of using vehicles as a decentralized mega-battery, capable of charging preferably from renewable sources in low-demand periods and returning electricity to the network according to demand. Figure 12: International Approach With this objective in mind, the MOBI.E concept and technological system were designed to be the basis of an international technology platform for electric mobility. The system is based on: - Virtualized systems, installed on the cloud; - Connection to charging points anywhere over secure IP. 13/13

ELECTRIC MOBILITY JANUARY.2011

ELECTRIC MOBILITY JANUARY.2011 INDEX I.MOBI.E THEPORTUGUESEPROGRAMFORELECTRICMOBILITY...3 1.Milestones... 3 2.Governance... 3 II.THEMOBI.EMODEL...4 1.Approach... 4 2.Principles... 4 3.ValueProposition...