CONDUCTED RF EQUIPMENT POWER AMPLIFIERS. NEW EMC TEST REQUIREMENTS For Electric Vehicles

Transcription

1 CONDUCTED RF EQUIPMENT POWER AMPLIFIERS NEW EMC TEST REQUIREMENTS For Electric Vehicles Markus Fuhrer

2 E/ECE/324/Add.9/Rev.5 Addendum 9: Regulation No. 10 Revision 5 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to electromagnetic compatibility 16 October 2014 ECE=Economic Commission for Europe Inland Transport Committee World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations Working Party on Lighting and Light-signaling IEC Product standards for vehicle IEC/EN Part 1: General requirements IEC : 2001 Electric vehicle conductive charging system -Part 21-1: Electric vehicle on board charger emc requirements for conductive connection to an a.c/d.c. supply IEC : 2001 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 22: AC electric vehicle charging station (IEC 69/184/CD:2010) IEC/EN Part 23: DC electric vehicle charging station (2014) IEC/EN Part 24: Digital communication between a d.c. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of d.c. charging (2014) There are other not mentioned product standards for EMC testing of electric vehicles. 2

3 Definitions and terms Chapter 2 Special definitions in Chapter 2 ESA electronic sub-assemblies an electrical and/or electronic device or set(s) of devices intended to be part of a vehicle, together with any associated electrical connections and wiring, which performs one or more specialized functions. RESS rechargeable energy storage system that provides electric energy for electric propulsion of the vehicle. 3

4 Overview ECE R-10 Annexes for Chapter 7 ECE R-10 EMC 1 Examples of approval marks 2A Vehicles 2B Sub-assembliy 3 ECE Marks for Vehicle / Sub-assembly Sub-Assembly ESA Vehicles RE ( Emission) 9 RI (Immunity) 10 Transients RE (Emission) 4 BBRE 5 NBRE RI (Immunity) 6 RI 7 BBRE 8 NBRE Chamber TEM, BCI Stripline ISO Immunity Emission CE (Emission) CI (Immunity) CE (Emission) CI (Immunity) 13 CERF(ac/dc) 11 Harmonic 15 EFT 19 CERF(ac/dc) 17 Harmonic 21 EFT 14 CERF(telecom) 12 Flicker 16 Surge 20 CERF(telecom) 18 Flicker 22 Surge 4

5 ECE R-10 General information (administrative) Annex 1 Examples of approval marks Annex 2A Information document for type approval of a vehicle with respect to electromagnetic compatibility Annex 2B Information document for type approval of an electric/electronic sub-assembly with respect to electromagnetic compatibility. Annex 3A Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit with regard to Regulation No. 10 Annex 3B Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of electrical/electronic subassembly with regard to Regulation No. 10 5

6 ECE R-10 Radiated measurements and tests for vehicles and ESA Annex 4 Annex 5 Annex 6 Annex 7 Annex 8 Annex 9 Annex 13 Annex 14 Method of measurement of radiated broadband electromagnetic emissions from vehicles Method of measurement of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions from vehicles Method of testing for immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic radiation Method of measurement of radiated broadband electromagnetic emissions from electrical / electronic sub-assemblies (ESAs) Method of measurement of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions from electrical/electronic sub-assemblies Method(s) of testing for immunity of electrical/electronic sub-assemblies to electromagnetic radiation Method(s) of testing for emission of radiofrequency conducted disturbances on AC or DC power lines from vehicles. Method(s) of testing for emission of radiofrequency conducted disturbances on network and telecommunication access from vehicles 6

7 ECE R-10 Immunity measurements and tests for vehicles and ESA Annex 10 Annex 11 Annex 12 Method(s) of testing for immunity to and emission of transients of electrical/electronic subassemblies. ISO Testimpulses 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b and 4, interferences from transient emission Method(s) of testing for emission of harmonics generated on AC power lines from vehicle IEC // IEC Method(s) of testing for emission of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker on AC power lines from vehicle IEC // IEC Annex 15 Method of testing for immunity of vehicles to Electrical Fast Transient/Burst disturbances conducted along AC and DC power lines IEC Annex 16 Method of testing for immunity of vehicles to surges conducted along AC and DC power lines IEC New Test requirements on car manufacturers 7

8 ECE R-10 Immunity measurements and tests for vehicles and ESA Annex 19 Method(s) of testing for emission of radiofrequency conducted disturbances on AC or DC power lines from an ESA Annex 20 Annex 17 Method(s) of testing for emission of radiofrequency conducted disturbances on network and telecommunication access from an ESA Method(s) of testing for emission of harmonics generated on AC power lines from an ESA IEC // IEC Annex 18 Method(s) of testing for emission of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker on AC power lines from an ESA IEC // IEC Annex 21 Method of testing for immunity of an ESA to Electrical Fast Transient/Burst disturbances conducted along AC and DC power lines IEC Annex 22 Method of testing for immunity of ESAs to surges conducted along AC and DC power lines IEC New Test requirements on car manufacturers 8

9 IEC Product standards IEC / -22 IEC/EN : Standards for vehicle charging Charging at home 120 V 15 A 20 A kw 8 20 hours Charging in Public Slow charging 240 V A kw 3 8 hours Fast charging 480V 3 phases kw DC fast charging < 30 min.

10 IEC Product standards IEC IEC Ed. 1.0 part 21 EMC requirements on board chargers for electric vehicles for conductive connection to an ac / dc supply 1.1 Electrost. Discharge Ambient Phenomenas Radio-frequency electromagnetic field. Amplitude modulated Radio-frequency electromagnetic field. Pulse modulated Test spez. Tabelle 1 Störfestigkeitsprüfungen Unit Basic Standards Remarks CD ± 8 kv (charge voltage) See test procedure in ISO ISO : B :2008. Air discharge ± 15 kv (charge voltage) 2008 Vehicle test method B Fast transients (a.c. or d.c. power lines) 1.5 Fast transients (pilot line) Surge (a.c. power lines) line-to-earth line-to line Surge (d.c. power lines) line-to-earth line-to line 20 to to t on : 577 T: 4600 ± 2 5/50 5 ± 1 5/ /50 (8/20) ± 2 ± 1 1.2/50 (8/20) ± 0.5 ± 0.5 MHz V/m (r.m.s.) % AM (1 khz) MHz V/m (r.m.s.) µs µs kv (open circuit test voltage) Tr/Th ns Repetition frequency khz kv (open circuit test voltage) Tr/Th ns Repetition frequency khz Tr/Th µs kv (open circuit test voltage) kv (open circuit test voltage) Tr/Th µs kv (open circuit test voltage) kv (open circuit test voltage) ISO : 2005 ISO : 2005 IEC : 2004 IEC : 2004 IEC : 2005 IEC : 2005 Vehicle test Vert. polarisation of the E field a NOTE 1& 4 Vehicle test Vert. polarisation of the E field a NOTE 1 NOTE 2 Capacative clamp is used. Each surge shall be applied 5 times at 1mn (or less, minimum 10 s) interval for each of the following angles: 0, 90, 180 and 270 Each surge shall be applied 5 times at 1min (or less, minimum 10 s) interval. Test criteria A A B B B B 10

11 IEC Product standards IEC IEC Ed. 1.0 Part 21 The Standard requires Power Fail tests acc. IEC and Harmonic Immunity acc. IEC Supply voltage harmonics 1.9 Voltage dips 1.10 Voltage interruptions 1.11 BCI Amplitude modulated Radio-frequency electromagnetic field. Amplitude modulated. Radio-frequency electromagnetic field. Pulse modulated. Class 2 in Tab 1to3 of IEC /12 at 50/60Hz 70 25/30 at 50/60Hz 0 250/300 at 50/60Hz 20 to to to t on : 577 T: 4600 % residual voltage Cycle % residual voltage Cycle % residual voltage Cycle MHz ma (r.m.s) % AM (1 khz) MHz V/m (r.m.s) % AM (1 khz) MHz V/m (r.m.s) µs µs IEC : 2009 IEC IEC ISO : Amd 2009 ISO : 2004 ISO : 2004 Voltage shift at zero crossing NOTE 3 Voltage shift at zero crossing NOTE 3 Stand alone test Vert. polarisation of the E field a NOTE 1 & 4 Stand alone test Vert. polarisation of the E field a NOTE 1 & 4 Stand alone test Vert. polarisation of the E field a NOTE 1 NOTE 1 The articles mains network to be used for this test on vehicle is defined in CISPR Clause 4.3. NOTE 2 When the CDN network cannot be used on a.c. or d.c. power lines, the capacitive coupling clamp defined in 6.3 of IEC :2004, may be used NOTE 3 Applicable only to input ports NOTE 4 AM is peak conservation according to ISO or ISO a The field strength shall be 30 V/m rms in over 90% of the 20 to 2000 MHz frequency range and a minimum of 25 V/m over the whole 20 to 2000 MHz frequenccy range. B B C C See Note 4 A A A 11

12 Chapter 7 of ECE R-10 for RESS vehicles Chapter 7 for RESS (Vehicles and ESAs) "RESS charging mode coupled to the power grid" With the mains plug the car manufacturer enter into a new world Public mains Charging station Onboard charger ECE Regulation Emission Harmonic & Flicker Conducted RF Immunity Burst, Surge, Power Fail New requirements for car manufacturers 12

13 Radiated Emission Radiated Broaband electromagnetic emission RESS Chapter 7.2, Annex 4; ESA: Chapter 7.10, Annex 7 Radiated broadband electromagnetic emissions from vehicles resp. ESAs Test method: Operating status: Limits: CISPR 12 Frequency range MHz. Vehicle in configuration "RESS charging mode coupled to the power grid". The state of charge (SOC) of the traction battery shall be kept between 20 per cent and 80 per cent of the maximum SOC. The current shall be set to at least 80 per cent of its nominal value. acc. CISPR 12 for 3 m and 10 m measuring distance and Quasi Peak Detector. Test setup: State of charge (SOC): 20% - 80% Charging current: min. 80% of nominal current Note: There are different setup pictures in annex 4 13

14 Harmonics and conducted Emission EMC tests as per Chapter 7 RESS Chapter 7.3, Annex 11; ESA: Chapter 7.11, Annex 17 Emission of harmonics on AC power lines from vehicles resp. ESAs Test method: Acc. IEC (for I 16 A /Phase) and IEC (for I > 16 A and 75 A /Phase). Operating status: Vehicle in configuration "RESS charging mode coupled to the power grid". The engine and all devices which the driver could operate must be in OFF STATUS. Battery charging : SOC (20% - 80% ), Charging current: min. 80% of nominal current. Requirements: Measuring of even and odd harmonics up to 40th (I up to 16 A), resp. 13th ( I>16 A) Test setup: AC Source with Impedance Zs and open circuit voltage G 14

15 Harmonics and conducted Emission Origin of harmonic currents U I Example DC rectifier Voltage & Current flow in the capacitor Time domain Frequency spectrum 15

16 Harmonics and conducted Emission IEC (IEC Ed. 2.0 Teil 21) For electric vehicle charging systems with a rated current of less than 16 A, the limits on the IEC for Class A (Table 2) are defined. The Limits for Harmonics of AC power supplies of charging systems for electric vehicles with a rated input current more than 16 A and less than 75 A is covered by to IEC with the general test conditions. Table 2 Maximum harmonic currents (Nominal current 16A /Phase) Harmonics n Limit of harmonic current [A] Odd Harmonics 3 2,3 5 1,14 7 0,77 9 0, , ,21 15 n 39 0,15x15/n Even Harmonics 2 1,08 4 0,43 6 0,30 8 n 40 0,23x8/n NetWave 3--Phasen AC/DC programmable source 3-phase Flickerimpedance AIF 503N75 with DPA 503 Analyser for Flicker and Harmonics 16

17 Harmonics and conducted Emission Harmonic & Flicker System Requirements to the test system: AC Source Voltage: + 2% Frequency: + 0,5% Phaseangle: 120 ± 1,5 Peak: Between 1.40 and 1.42 x rms value and 87 to 93 after zero crossing Harmonische: Hamonic voltage 0.9% 3. OS 0.4% 5. OS 0.3% 7. OS 0.2% 9. OS 0.2% odd harmonic of 2nd to 10th order 0.1% harmonic of 11th to 40th order. AC Source Flickerimpedance 100 A Harmonic and Flicker System 18

18 Fllicker and Voltage variations of AC power lines Phänomen & Definition Voltage fluctuations caused by varying load currents may also influence luminance or spectral distribution of lightning systems. The impression of unsteadies of visual sensation induced by this light stimulus is called flicker. Whereby the limits on the voltage fluctuations are based on the equivalent levels of light flicker in a 60W incandescent bulb which is perceived as disturbing. The higher the voltage changes, the less frequently they may occur A. At low voltage fluctuations flicker can high rates of change to B. Mains voltage fluctuations, which are caused by nonstationary operating conditions of loads, luminance changes or changing the brightness of lighting devices can cause. A Due to the high frequency of use, a light bulb 230V / 60W was internationally defined as a reference lamp for flicker. The so called flicker curve defines the graphic representation permissible combinations relative voltage change ( V/V in %) to number changes per minute. B 19

19 Fllicker and Voltage variations of AC power lines Flickerimpedances Z ref : Impedance specs in IEC R A = 0,24 jx A = 0,15 at 50 Hz R N = 0,16 jx N = 0,10 at 50 Hz Z test : For measurement as per IEC R A = 0,15 R N = 0,10 jx A = 0,15 at 50 Hz jx N = 0,10 at 50 Hz AIF 503N75 3-phase Flickerimpedance with DPA 503 Analyser 20

20 Fllicker and Voltage variations of AC power lines 3-phase Harmonic and Flicker test system 3- Phasen Analyser 3- Phasen Impedanz 32 A 3- Phasen Quelle 32 A 21

21 Emission of radiofrequency conducted disturbances on vehicle AC / DC lines EMC Tests as per Chapter 7 RESS Chapter 7.5, Annex 13; // ESA: Chapter 7.13, Annex 19 Emission of radiofrequency conducted disturbances on AC or DC power lines from vehicles The test includes the requirements for residential, commercial and industrial areas. Test method : Operating status: As per. CISPR as standard device. Vehicle in configuration "RESS charging mode coupled to the power grid". Engine OFF and Motor and all other equipment which can be switched on permanently by the driver or passenger should be OFF. The state of charge (SOC) of the traction battery : 20% - 80% Charging current: Limits : Rated current or at least 80% of its nominal value if adjustable. as per IEC table 7 (ac) or table 8 (dc) Different test setup: For RESS application 23

22 Emission of conducted RF disturbances on network and telecommunication access from vehicles RESS Chapter 7.6, Annex 14; ESA: Chapter 7.14, Annex 20 Emission of radiofrequency conducted disturbances on network and telecommunication access from vehicles The test includes the requirements for residential, commercial and industrial areas. Test method : Operating status: As per CISPR 22 if not otherwise ststed Vehicle in configuration "RESS charging mode coupled to the power grid". Engine OFF and Motor and all other equipment which can be switched on by the driver or passenger should be OFF. The state of charge (SOC) of the traction battery : 20% - 80% Charging current: Limits : Ausnahme : Test setup: Rated current or at least 80% of its nominal value if adjustable. As per IEC for voltage and current, with QP and AVG Detector. No application of annex 14/20 if no direct connection to the telecom network exist Different test setup 24

23 Radiated Immunity RESS Chapter 7.7, Annex 6; ESA: Chapter 7.18, Annex 9 Immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic radiation Test method : Operating status: As per ISO , alternativ with ESA: as per ISO , ISO (BCI). Vehicle in configuration "RESS charging mode coupled to the power grid". Engine OFF and Motor and all other equipment which can be switched on by the driver or passenger should be OFF. The state of charge (SOC) of the traction battery : 20% - 80% Charging current: Criteria: Test: Rated current or at least 20% of its nominal value if adjustable. no degradation of performance of "immunity related functions", Vehicle sets in motion. with and without charging mode Different test setup: For RESS application 26

24 Immunity to electrioc fast transients EFT / Burst RESS Chapter 7.8 Annex 15; ESA: Chapter 7.15 Annex 21 Immunität of vehicles to electrical fast transient/burst disturbances conducted along AC and DC power lines. Test method : Operating status: As per IEC (immunity for electric fast transients EFT/Burst). Vehicle in configuration "RESS charging mode coupled to the power grid". Engine OFF and Motor and all other equipment which can be switched on by the driver or passenger should be OFF. The state of charge (SOC) of the traction battery : 20% - 80% Charging current: Rated current or at least 80% of its nominal value if adjustable. Criteria: no degradation of performance of "immunity related functions", Vehicle sets in motion. Test setup: Different test setup 27

25 Immunity to electrioc fast transients EFT / Burst Burst Test setup for vehicles in charging mode (RESS) EFT Generator Cc Entkoppelnetzwerk AC/DC mains Bezugsmasse The vehicle shall be placed directly on the ground plane. The vehicle shall be immobilized, engine OFF and in charging mode. All other equipment which can be switched on permanently by the driver or passenger should be OFF. Failure criteria: Vehicle sets in motion. Testlevel : ± 2 kv, minimum 1 minute with all couplings at same time. 28

26 Immunity to electrioc fast transients EFT / Burst Burst phenomenom open a contact Equivalent diagram of a switching circuit R1 L1 Us I S Uo C1 U1 C2 R2 L2 Typical voltage waveform across an opening switch 230 V power relays 29

27 30 Immunity to electrioc fast transients EFT / Burst Definition of Burst impulse as per IEC Single pulse Rise time tr = 5 ns Pulse duration td = 50 ns Pulse packet (Burst) Repetition time t REP = 300 ms 75 pulses/burst Duration Burst packet t DURATTION = 15 ms Spike frequency f = 5 khz Duration Burst packet t DURATION = 0,75 ms Spike frequency f = 100 khz

28 Immunity to electrioc fast transients EFT / Burst Test levels as per IEC IEC Burst EFT 2000 V ISO V System Pulse 3a / 3b 220 V max. 31

29 Immunity to electrioc fast transients EFT / Burst Test system for vehicles for RESS testing IEC (EFT/Burst) IEC (Surge) UCS 500N7 Coupling network for, - AC: 3-ph. 480 V / 32 A up to 100 A - DC: 1000V DC CNI 503x - Switch AC/DC operation - Mainswitch for AC/DC Note: for the traditional ISO tests for the vehicle electronics with (micro pulses, EFT, load dump), no new specific requirements were introduced. 32

30 Immunity to surge EMC tests as per Chapter 7 RESS Chapter 7.9, Annex 16; ESA: Chapter 7.16, Annex 22 Immunity of vehicles/esas to surge conducted along AC or DC power lines. Test method : Gem. IEC (Immunity to surge impulses). Requirements: Operating status: for AC: ± 1 kv (line-line), 2 kv (lines-pe); DC: 0.5 kv. (line-line, line-pe) Vehicle in configuration "RESS charging mode coupled to the power grid". Engine OFF and Motor and all other equipment which can be switched on by the driver or passenger should be OFF. The state of charge (SOC) of the traction battery : 20% - 80% Charging current: Failure Criteria: Current at least 20% of its nominal value if adjustable. Vehicle sets in motion. Coupling: The surge impulse is coupled to the AC/DC lines with : a) coupling between lines and b) coupling between line and earth Test setup: 0.8 (+0.2 / -0) m 0.8 (+0.2 / -0) m Different test setup Cable shall be z-folded if longer than 1m, 100 ± 25 mm above ground and at least 100mm from the car body Cable Cable shall shall be z-folded be z-folded if longer if than longer 1m, 100 than ± 25 1m, mm 100 above ± ground 25mm and above at least ground 100mm and from at least 100mm the car body from the car body 33

31 Immunity to surge EMC tests as per Chapter 7 RESS Chapter 7.9, Annex 16; ESA: Chapter 7.16, Annex 22 Test setup: Cable shall be shortened to appropriate length, (100 ± 25) mm above ground and at least 100 mm from the ESA body. 0.8 (+0.2 / -0) m Cable shall be z-folded if longer than 1m, 100 ± 25 mm above ground and at least 100mm from the car body Cable shall be z-folded if longer than 1m, (100 ± 25) mm above ground and at least 100 mm from the car body. 34

32 Immunity to surge Surgeimpulse definition as per IEC :Ed. 3 Open circuit voltage: 1.2/50 s Stirnzeit: T f = 1.67 x T= 1.2 s ± 30% Pulsdauer: T d = Tw = 50 s ± 20% NOTE: The pulse shape of the open circuit voltage at the output of the coupling / decoupling network may have a significant undershoot. Short circuit current: 8/20 s Front Time : T f = 1.25xTr = 8 s 20% Duration: T d = 1.18 x Tw =20 s 20% NOTE: The setting for the undershoot by 30% applies only at the generator output. For the output of the coupling / decoupling network there is no limit in terms of the under- or overshooting. 35

33 Immunity to surge Surgeimpulse Test level as per IEC :Ed. 3 Table 1 specifies in detail the test levels for the open circuit voltages for testing line to line and line to ground The test level blue referredthe information required under the ECE 10 test requirements for AC lines. All voltages of the lower test levels shall be satisfied Tabelle 1 Prüfschärfegrade

34 37 Immunity to surge Surge Test setup for vehicles in charging mode (RESS) Hybrid Generator Combination wave Hybrid Generator Combination wave R = 10Ω C = 9µF Entkoppelnetzwerk Entkopelnetzwerk Bezugsmasse Bezugsmasse Coupling line to line Coupling line to earth If not otherwise stated in this annex the test shall be performed according to IEC Vehicle state during tests in configuration "RESS in charging mode coupled to the power grid". The vehicle shall be placed directly on the ground plane.

35 Components in the Electrical Vehicle Mains Supply Voltage 240 V / 16A AC 480 V / 32A AC 400 V / 125 A DC 500 V / 100A DC HV lines 300 V up to 800 V DC 30 A up to 100 A 39

36 Simplified circuit of Electrical Vehicle Mains Supply Voltage 230 V / 16A AC 480 V / 32A AC 400 V / 125 A DC 500 V / 100A DC Charger (built-in) Motor 1Hz bis 150kHz Electronic HV Battery. (400 Volt). HV lines 300 V up to 800 V DC 30 A up to 100 A Inverter DC / DC Compressor (Aircondition) 12V

37 ISO ISO Electrical transient conduction along shielded high voltage supply lines only (Proposal/Early Draft) This part of ISO 7637 specifies test methods and procedures to ensure the compatibility to conducted electrical transients of equipment installed on passenger cars and commercial vehicles fitted with electrical systems with voltages higher than 60 VDC and lower than VDC and a power-supply isolated from the vehicle-body. It describes bench tests injection of transients: Voltage ripple (square wave) (Pulse A) Pulsed sinusoidal disturbances (Pulse B) Low frequency sinusoidal disturbances (Pulse C) It is applicable to all types of electrical independent driven, road vehicles (e. g. battery electrical vehicle [BEV] or hybrid electrical vehicle [HEV], plugin hybrid vehicle [PHEV]).

38 ISO Voltage ripple on high voltage supply lines This square wave perturbation is typically caused by switching of high currents e. g. in IGBT - stages of electrical engine systems or DC-DC-converters. Voltage ripple produce both, line-toground (HV+ or/and HV- to ground) and line-to-line (HV+ to HV-) disturbances. They can interfere with adjacent high voltage systems like battery-controller and climate compressor. Generator Pulse A Frequency range: 1kHz up - 300kHz Frequency step: 1kHz / 10kHz TRise and TFall oc voltage TRise and TFall sc current Zi = V pp / I pp 0.5 Ω generator output Current capacity: 32 A (rms), 70 V (peak) Figure 2a ISO : test setup for coupling between HV+ and HV-.

39 ISO Interferences from the inverter (rectangular signals)

40 ISO Interferences from the inverter RF interferences

41 ISO Voltage ripple on high voltage supply lines For coupling between HV+ and ground or HV- and ground the bottom terminal of generator has to be connected to ground. The top terminal has to be connected to HV+ (as shown) or to HV-. Corresponding one voltage probe terminal has to be connected to HV+ respectively to HV-; the other voltage probe terminal has to be connected to ground. Ground connection of DUT shall be connected to Ground plane with a cable original length and diameter according to the vehicle application. Details to ground connection and wiring shall be agreed between vehicle manufacturer and supplier. Figure 2b Transient immunity test set-up for voltage ripple (e. g. HV+ line-to-ground )

42 ISO Pulsed sinusoidal disturbances on high voltage supply lines These disturbances come from overshoots on square wave signals caused e. g. by interaction of switching IGBTs in high voltage systems with parasitic capacities and inductivities of electrical engines, by DC-DC-converters and any other kind of high voltage switching / commutation. Generator Pulse B Frequency range: 1-10 MHz Impedance: 50 Ohm Output power: 25W for 100 Vpp 225W for 300 Vpp Figure 3a Test set-up for pulsed sinusoidal disturbances (e. g. line-to-line ) CNE-Balun

43 ISO Pulsed sinusoidal disturbances on high voltage supply lines For coupling between HV+ and ground or HV- and ground the bottom terminal of generator has to be connected to ground. The top terminal has to be connected to HV+ (as shown) or to HV-. Corresponding one voltage probe terminal has to be connected to HV+ respectively to HV-; the other voltage probe terminal has to be connected to ground. Ground connection of DUT shall be connected to Ground plane with a cable original length and diameter according to the vehicle application. Figure 3b Set-up for pulsed sinusoidal disturbances (e. g. HV+ line-to-ground )

44 ISO Low frequency sinusoidal disturbances This test determines whether the equipment will accept superposed sinusoidal frequency components. The Figure below shows the test setup for coupling between HV+ and HV-. A capacitor of 100uF or more shall be connected across the high voltage dc power supply. Generator Pulse C Frequency range: 15Hz - 400kHz Frequency step: Linear or logarithmic or several frequencies per decade (dwell time 2s) Voltage: 30VRMS up to 250kHz 20VRMS up to 400kHz Current: 16ARMS Figure 4a Test set-up for low frequency sinusoidal disturbances (e. g. line-to- line )

45 ISO Low frequency sinusoidal disturbances This test determines whether the equipment will accept superposed sinusoidal frequency components. The Figure below shows the test setup for coupling between HV+ and ground or HV- and ground the bottom terminal of the coupling transformer has to be connected to ground. Generator Pulse C Frequency range: 15Hz - 400kHz Frequency step: Linear or logarithmic or several frequencies per decade (dwell time 2s) Voltage: 30VRMS up to 250kHz 20VRMS up to 400kHz Current: 16ARMS Figure 4b Test set-up for low frequency sinusoidal disturbances (e. g. HV line-to- ground )

46 CONDUCTED RF EQUIPMENT POWER AMPLIFIERS Thank you! 50