The French Nuclear Program Current Status and Perspectives An Overview. Alain CALAMAND. Vice President Communication PLANTS sector

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2 The French Nuclear Program Current Status and Perspectives An Overview Alain CALAMAND Vice President Communication PLANTS sector Finnish Nuclear Society Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5

3 SFEN: A 3-year history (1/3) The French Nuclear Energy Society (SFEN) is a Learned Society, created 3 years ago with a 3-fold objective: foster the development of knowledge in the field of nuclear energy technology contribute to the spreading of information concerning nuclear energy among public (technical and non technical) establish an international network among the nuclear community SFEN gathers about 4 members (3 5 of them being directly involved in nuclear energy) 3 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 3

4 SFEN: A 3-year history (/3) Members activities are structured along 3 lines: Technical : 9 Technical Sections address the various technical and scientific fields. Geographic : 4 Regional Groups cover France. Transverse : Members also meet in various groups : Asia-Pacific Group France-America Group Young Generation Group Women in Nuclear Group SFEN history has been closely associated with the implementation of the French Nuclear program for the last 3 years. 4 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 4

5 SFEN: A 3-year history (3/3) SFEN communication relies on various means: A monthly Bulletin. A bi-monthly technical magazine (Revue Générale Nucléaire). Numerous publications of proceedings of meetings. A large website (18 5 hits/months). SFEN organizes numerous meetings, typically: International Conferences (/year). National Symposiums (15/year). Regional Debates (5/year). 1 Annual Convention and 1 national meeting for students and young people. Improvement of information and communication is of outmost importance for public acceptance and, in this regard, SFEN is providing a growing input into the French energy debate. 5 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 5

6 France electricity production and consumption 4 figures Production Consumption TWh = 477. TWh Others TWh From: Including: Pumped storage: 7.3 TWh Hydro: 64.5 TWh (11.8%) Losses: 3.1 TWh Export: 6.1 TWh Conventional thermal: 55.3 TWh (1.1%) Eurodif: 15. TWh Nuclear: 46.8 TWh (78.1%) 6 kwh/capita tco/capita Finland ~16 ~1 France ~8 ~7 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 6

7 EDF is not the sole France s electricity supplier EDF generation = ~9% of total French generation EDF total generation in 4 : 487 TWh Nuclear Conventional-thermal Hydraulic 16 TWh 44 TWh 46.8 TWh 88% 3% 9% Source EDF 7 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 7

8 The French Nuclear Program at a glance (1/) GRAVELINES 34 PALUEL PENLY FLAMANVILLE 13 MWe units CHOOZ CHINON DAMPIERRE FESSENHEIM BELLEVILLE CIVAUX BUGEY ST-ALBAN LE BLAYAIS GOLFECH CRUAS TRICASTIN 4 15 MWe units CATTENOM NOGENT / SEINE ST-LAURENT 9 MWe units» 58 PWR units» MWe installed» ~64% of total installed capacity Connection to the grid : Unit 1 (Fessenheim 1): 4/1977 Unit 58 (Civaux ) : 1/ FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 8

9 The French Nuclear Program at a glance (/) Main key success-factors: A strong and sustained political will 3 main actors focused on making the program a success EDF: Owner and A.E AREVA (Framatome ): Vendor Safety Authority A clear industrial organization with a strong learning curve capability The evolutionary design of standardized units facilitated the learning process 9 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 9

10 EDF units capability factor (9 MWe fleet) 34 units 1 month-rolling factor end of August 5 1 median best quartile 95 9 average 88, 87, 87,4 86,3 % ,5 84,1 84,1 8,3 83,1 83,8 81,8 79,1 84,6 8,5 81,9 85,3 81,9 79,7 78, 75 83,5 88,3 87,7 83,8 84,1 86,3 8,7 8,5 81,9 83,4 76, Source EDF 1 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 1

11 EDF units capability factor (13 MWe fleet) units 1 month-rolling factor end of August 5 1 % 96,7 94,7 94, , 9 85, ,8 8, 87,6 87,3 84, 87,3 83,6 81,1 83,7 86,3 84, ,4 85, 83,3 81,7 8,8 8,6 8,7 8,5 87 8,6 best quartile ,9 median average Source EDF 11 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 11

12 Evolution of French electricity consumption since 1998 Years Consumption (TWh) Growth rate - 1.7%.% 1.8%.3% 3.8%.% A yearly %-average growth rate over the last 6-year period 1 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 1

13 Electricity generation: 3 time-limits for 3 different stakes Tools for extreme peak period Sécurité système Safety of the system Adaptation for semi base - with environmental constraints and interconnexion capacities EPR : Garantee of Balance at extreme peak period Electrical system safety Financial security on the perimeter of the commercial engagements and of the EDF assets whereas the European margins are reducing progressively Renewal Renouvellement of fleet du parc Target for the energetic mix Target energy mix Source EDF 1 : Adaptation of the semibase in a constrained environnement Beyond : renewal of the nuclear fleet What solution for the fleet renewal (baseload production) starting in? 13 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 13

14 What strategy for renewal of the French nuclear fleet (1/3)? 5 MW/year 7 6? 5 Current fleet life duration 4 years 4 3? 1 Future fleet? main questions: 1) When to start? ) At what rate? 3) Level to reach? 14 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 Source EDF 14

15 What strategy for renewal of the French nuclear fleet (/3)? 8 Average life duration of the fleet = 6 years Extension of the current fleet beyond 4 years 4 3 Current fleet Life duration 4 years 1 Generation Source EDF First option: 1) Wait for Generation 4 ) Meet the demand with life extensions A risky option FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 15

16 What strategy for renewal of the French nuclear fleet (3/3)? 8 Average life duration of the fleet = 5years Extension of the current fleet beyond Generation 4 4 years 4 3 Current fleet Life duration 4 years Generation Second option (example): 1) Meet the needs with PLEX of current units AND a new Gen. 3 fleet Life duration average of the fleet : 5 years ) Start fleet renewal in at a «reasonable» rate (e.g. 5 GW over 3 years) 3) Launch FA3 EPR project to get sufficient REX before fleet renewal decision Source EDF 16 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 16

17 Competitiveness of nuclear energy in France 6 5 1/MWh 14,6 4 1, ,1,9 3,,6 4,3 5 1,4,4,3 11, 11, 6,3 5,6 3 16,5 4, 6,1 14, 1,9 Nuclear (EPR) Combined cycle gas turbine Pulverized coal Fluidised coal bed reactor Investment O&M Fuel Taxes + operating R&D CO (4 /t) CO ( /t) Reference: «Coûts de référence de la production électrique / DGEMP - DIDEME / 3.7» The French study results concur with those of other European studies (in particular from the Lappeenranta University): Nuclear generation is a «robust» and competitive choice. 17 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 17

18 EDF has decided to build Flamanville 3 Decision process: Energy bill passed (June 5)»Keep the nuclear option open for the future...» Flamanville site selected by EDF (October 4) Public Debate launched (September 5 February 6) Its objective is to review the «opportunity, objectives and characteristics of the project» and to clarify and go deeper in the controversy Forecast construction schedule: 7 to 1 The Public Debate procedure (recent act) is organized for the first time for a NPP. On-going parallel debates on nuclear wastes and the new high voltage line from FA3. 18 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 18

19 Flamanville 3 overall project schedule Public debate Public inquiries FA3 REX feedback FA3 operation Licensing procedure FA3 construction Series launching: Go-no go decision First renewal unit commercial operation First concrete: End FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 19

20 Flamanville 3 in 1 Thank you for your attention FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5

21 Background slides Les 4 planches appelées Coûts annoncés par EDF vs les coûts DIDEME Les 3 axes de la loi de FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 1

22 Age distribution of the French nuclear fleet in In, 83 % of the french fleet will be older than 3 (56% older than 35). FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5

23 Age distribution of the French nuclear fleet in 4 In 4, 83 % of the french fleet will be older than 5 (56% older than 55). 3 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 3

24 4 generations of NPPs extend over more than a century 4 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 4

25 History of EDF capital investments in France (constant billion ) Constant Billion Fleet renewal Current Nuclear Program Source EDF EDF wants to smooth out the investment for the fleet renewal 5 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 5

26 Competitiveness of nuclear energy in France EDF estimates the generation cost of Flamanville 3 at 43 4/MWh (including all EPR design and development costs) For a series of ten EPR units (including the FoaK unit), the projected cost is 35 4/MWh 35 4/MWh compares with 8.4 1/MWh previously calculated by DGEMP (French Industry Ministry s Energy Office) in its 3 study (more conservative assumptions) 6 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 6

27 The 1991 act on nuclear wastes This law has given a 15-year delay to futher studies rad wastes issues along 3 main axes: 1rst axis: separation/transmutation of long-life isotopes nd axis: Deep geological respository 3rd axis: Long term storage processes On-going public debate from October to March 6 to prepare the 6 parlementary. Decision expected in 6 regarding what to do with radwastes. 7 FNS Autumn Seminar Helsinki, November 3rd, 5 7