Development of Micro Fuel Cells with help of MEMS Technologies
|
|
- Zoe Mathews
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MINATEC 2003 Development of Micro Fuel Cells with help of MEMS Technologies, Stefan Wagner, Herbert Reichl, Fraunhofer IZM, Berlin, Germany, Tel , Michael Krumm, Krystan Marquardt, TU-Berlin, Berlin, Germany 1
2 Content Introduction, Fraunhofer State of the art PEM-micro fuel cell development Conclusions and outlook 2
3 Fraunhofer IZM Laboratory Sources Micro- Solarcells MEMs Fuel Cell Verkapselung, Hermetisierung MEMs Elektrolyt, Separator Batteries Anode und Kathode The Group at Fraunhofer IZM addresses packaging and system integration related topics concerning the energy supply of portable and miniaturized future electronic products and is involved in novel battery and alternative energy developments. Batteriezuleitungen Stromableiter Substrat: Trägerfolie oder IC 3
4 Energy density potential of fuel cells as power supply for portable electronics DMFC H2-FC-Stack* Alkalin Zink-Luft NiMH NiCd Li-Polymer Wh/l DMFC H2-FC-Stack* Alkalin Zink-Luft NiMH NiCd Li-Polymer Wh/kg 4
5 Our Roadmap since 1997 evaluation of prototypes Planar PEM Test, Design Materials and Design of PCB-PEM Development and Thermal Management of PEM micro stacks FC peripheral micro components planar PEM micro fuel cell development micro DMFC activities product development PEM-stacks 2008 mass market for micro fuel cells 5
6 Camcorder PEM-Miniature Stack Demonstration 6
7 IZM - micro fuel cell partnership Simulation TUB, WIAS, ISE Materials ICT, ISC, TU-HH IZM SME-cooperation Heliocentris, h2-interpower micro peripherals IZM-M, IMM, microsensys, ETH-Z component supply Fumatec, Gore, Freudenberg 7
8 Why MEMS fuel cells?? Improve fuel cell performance by exploiting micro-scale phenomena. Solve problems which are critical in the conventional stack technology. --> fabrication of micro-porous membranes optimized for two phase transport --> plasma polymerisation of ion conducting polymers --> transport optimized micro flowfields Miniaturization, micro-power applications. Miniaturization of the conventional fuel cell stack technology is not achievable down to the dimensions of handheld electronics, autonomous sensors, medical electronics... 8
9 International Competition Source Design Fuels Density S.C. Kelley Univ. of Minnesota Front and back KOH etched Si wafer, Nafion Membrane with custom Pt, Pt-Ru catalysts coatings 0.2 L/min. hydrated neat hydrogen 0.2 L/min ambient air 130 mw/cm 2 J.P. Meyers Bell Labs Porus Si etching, Electropolished channels, Nafion membrane, Pt/C catalyst Hydrogen and oxygen at 1 atm 60 mw/cm 2 S.J. Lee Stanford Univ. Front and back RIE Si wafer, Nafion membrane, carbon cloth and platinum, series connected Compressed hydrogen and oxygen 40 mw/cm 2 R. Hahn Fraunhofer, GER Wafer level and foil processes, screen printing. 0.5 sccm hydrogen (DMFC) NO AIR PUMPING 80 mw/cm 2 S.C. Kelley Univ. of Minnesota Front and back KOH etched Si wafer, Nafion Membrane with custom Pt, Pt-Ru catalysts coatings 0.2 L/min. 0.5M Methanol, H 2 O 0.2 L/min ambient air 15 mw/cm 2 Y.H. Seo KAIST, Korea Front and back KOH and RIE Si Wafer, Nafion membrane Pt catalyst Methanol and ambient air NO FUEL OR AIR PUMPING 0.1 mw/cm 2 Source: Lyndermann, ETH-Zürich 9
10 State-of-the-art µ-fuel Cell Designs Stanford University, California 10
11 State-of-the-art µ-fuel Cell Designs Bell Laboratories Porous Si etching, Electropolished channels, Nafion membrane, Pt/C catalyst Hydrogen and oxygen at 1 atm density: 60 mw/cm² Manhattan Scientifics Inc., R. G. Hockaday 11
12 µ-fuel Cell Designs State-of-the-art RIE Chanels on Si Wafer Anodic Collector PVD Insulator Layer Diffusion Layer Pt Catalyst Ink Nafion Cathodic catalyst PVD cathodic Collector + - µ-fc flow chart CEA - Small Sources Laboratory 12
13 Fraunhofer IZM µ-fuel Cell Design Breakthrough s System consists of 3 foils in a planar configuration (independent of the number of cells), use of commercial MEA Integrated planar sealing Serial interconnection of individual cells in a planar configuration Natural air convection at the cathode side Mechanically flexible 13
14 Fraunhofer IZM µ-fuel Cell: Core Technologies Sandwich laminate of Polymer-Stainless steel foils Lithography of free standing grid microstructures Micro patterning of flow fields Subtractive patterning of MEA-electrodes Adhesive sealing and electrical interconnection 14
15 Fraunhofer IZM µ-fuel Cell µ-fuel Cell Demonstrator Design single cell Dreizeller AF 54,72 mm² 18,24 mm² A1 400 µm 400 µm A2 400 µm 400 µm A4-200 µm L3 10 mm 10 mm B 10 mm 10 mm 15
16 Assembly sealing current collector cathode MEA current collector anode electrical contacts simultaneous processing of numerous cells dispensing or screen printing of gaskets screen printing of contacts 16
17 Technology Patterning of micro flow field Lamination Kapton foil and substrate on a wafer metalization hardmask RIE channel in Kapton layer Removing hardmask Au metalization anodic current collector 17
18 SEM: anode side width µm 10-3,5 µm 15 µm 30 µm 18
19 Patterning of the cathodic current collector layer RIE plated conductor lines 19
20 Segmentation of the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) Segmentation of commercial MEA is necessary to to allow straight forward assembly (all cells simultaneously) Short circuits between adjoining electrodes might occur if the lateral electrical resistance between the cells R L is low. Thus, to secure an appropriate serial connection R L >> R ION + R SI must hold. Fig. a Fig. b + R ION U FC removed catalyst layer R SI R L R L R ION U FC removed catalyst layer R SI R L R L R ION U FC polymer membrane - catalyst layer catalyst layer U FC? cell potential R ION? ionic membrane resistance R SI? resistance of the serial interconnection R L? lateral electrical resistance 20
21 Segmentation of MEA: RIE Patterning of MEA by reactive ion etching shadow mask Shadow mask for MEA-etching 21
22 Segmentation of MEA: LASER LASER Ablation Catalyst layer can be removed on both sides at the same time Complete removal of catalyst layer due to ist high absorbance of Laser radiation Distances between the segments less than 200µm are realized Light microscopy image SEM image 22
23 Electrical characterization of micro fuel cells 23
24 V/I curve of micro fuel cell voltage [mv] T=25 C design 1 rh=50% design power density [mw/cm²] current density [ma/cm²] 24
25 Comparison with reference cells at room temperature Voltage [mv] 1000 planar chip sized FC 900 planar PBC-FC reference 800 micro stack (single cell) Current density [ma/cm²] 25
26 Characterisation in climate chamber, Comparison - with conventional build up, 1 current density 350mV µfc (Design 1) µfc (Design 2) reference (PBZ) T25 C/HM10% T25 C/HM50% T25 C/HM90% voltage [V] 1,0 0,8 0,6 50% 0,4 10% 0,2 0, time [min] Temp: 60 C 90% 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 current [A] 26
27 current density [A/cm 2 350mV Charcterisation in climate chamber, Comparison - with conventional build up, 2 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 E22 10% rh 50% rh 90% rh 0, temperature [ C] current density [A/cm 2 350mV 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 PBZ33 10% rh 50% rh 90% rh 0, temperature [ C] Micro fuel cell (left) and conventional planar fuel cell using GDLs (right) as function of temperature and relative humidity. Current density at 350 mv is shown. 27
28 Climate Test summary Behavior of µfc and conventional cells are quite similar. Membrane dries out at lower temperatures and dry ambient conditions. At high humidity and low temperatures the current density drops slightly faster, probably due to flooding of the cell. Best performance at normal ambient conditions. 28
29 Electrical Characterisation MEA-Segmentation T = 25 C, 50 % RH active area: 0.54 cm 2 29
30 MEA segmentation, serial interconnection Successful demonstration of planar micro fuel cells with 1.5 V, 40 ma output ( = 120 mw/cm 2, 25 C, 50 %RH. 200 µm gap between adjacent cells; no degradation during patterning process. Still slight reduction of open circuit voltage, probably due to small leakage currents between adjacent cells. 30
31 Status 2003 Planar micro fuel cell, PEM, dry hydrogen: 80 mw/cm 2 Planar micro fuel cell, DMFC, 2 wt%, 27 C: 5 mw/cm 2 Planar PCB fuel cell, DMFC, 50 C 25 mw/cm 2 Micro DMFC with integrated micro pump will be accomplished until end of 2003 MEMS fuel cell demonstrator: Size: 1 cm 2, thickness: 200 µm, Active membrane area: 0.54 cm 2, dry hydrogen, natural air convection 1.5 V, 20 ma (3 cells serial interconnected), 0.5 V, 60 ma (single cell). 31
32 Summary 1 Successful demonstration of micro PEM fuel cell technology based on commercially available MEAs and foil processes, Stable long term operation at 80 mw/cm 2 at room temperature, natural air convection, dry hydrogen Test under various climate conditions Future Work Adaption of the technology to micro DMFC 32
33 Summary 2 Considerable achievements have been made, still a great effort is needed to commercialize micro fuel cells. PEM micro fuel cells are functional and have the potential of low cost mass production. Micro scale hydrogen supply is lacking. We are open to cooperation and technology transfer to commercialize this technology. 33
34 Fraunhofer Micro Fuel Cell Patents WO WO A2 WO WO A1 DE DE DE DE DE DE Micro fuel cell (Wafer Level, foil) Electrochemical Cell (micro flow field) Proton conducting membrane (micro patterning of MEA) Planar fuel cell (based on printed circuit board) Fuel cell stack with bipolar plates (cooling of microstack) Carrier for semicondictor (flexible micro solar generator) Transverse fuel cell interconnecting structure Hydrogen pressure control (with MEMS valvs) WO DE DE Planar stripe fuel cell DE Planar interconnection of stripe membrane fuel cells Fraunhofer Institutes over 30 fuel cell patents 34
35 Thank you for your attention!!! 35
Segmented rechargeable micro battery for wearable applications based on printed separator and LTO/NMC electrodes
Segmented rechargeable micro battery for wearable applications based on printed separator and LTO/NMC electrodes Robert Hahn 1 M. Ferch 2, M. Hubl 3, M. Molnar 1, K. Marquardt 2, K. Hoeppner 2, M. Luecking
More informationFRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY ICT REDOX-FLOW BATTERY
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY ICT REDOX-FLOW BATTERY REDOX-FLOW BATTERY REDOX-FLOW BATTERY Redox-flow batteries are efficient and have a longer service life than conventional batteries.
More informationControl strategies and electronics for PEM fuel cells
Control strategies and electronics for PEM fuel cells Stefan Keller, Ulf Groos Group»Fuel Cell Systems«Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Hannover Trade Fair 2010 April, 21st, 2010 Agenda
More informationShort Communication In-situ Monitoring of Temperature and Voltage in Lithium-Ion Battery by Embedded Flexible Micro Temperature and Voltage Sensor
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8 (2013) 2968-2976 International Journal of ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE www.electrochemsci.org Short Communication In-situ Monitoring of Temperature and Voltage in Lithium-Ion Battery
More informationA Fuel Cell Supply Chain in the UK
A Fuel Cell Supply Chain in the UK Dr James Wilkie Development Director wilkiej@matthey.com Johnson Matthey plc FTSE 100 192.5m profit before tax, Market Cap 2B 7600 employees Profits 44% NA, 39% Europe,
More informationComparative experimental study of the performance of two different types of HTPEM MEAs
Comparative experimental study of the performance of two different types of HTPEM MEAs Søren Juhl Andreasen Associate Professor, Fuel Cell and Battery Research Group Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg
More informationWearable Textile Battery Rechargeable by Solar Energy
Supporting Information Wearable Textile Battery Rechargeable by Solar Energy Yong-Hee Lee,, Joo-Seong Kim,, Jonghyeon Noh,, Inhwa Lee, Hyeong Jun Kim, Sunghun Choi, Jeongmin Seo, Seokwoo Jeon,, Taek-Soo
More informationB0708. BZ-BattExt DMFC as Battery-Extender in solar-boat application
B0708 BZ-BattExt DMFC as Battery-Extender in solar-boat application Johannes Schirmer a, Regine Reissner a, Jochen Zabold b, Katica Krajinovic c, Thomas Häring d, Stefan Nettesheim e, Joachim Kopf f, Klaus
More informationAnnex 31 Collaborative Research on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Annex 31 Collaborative Research on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Spring 2017 Workshop Graz University of Technology - Austria Graz, Austria May 15 May 16, 2017 Willkommen! International Energy Agency
More informationDOE OVT Energy Storage R&D Overview
DOE OVT Energy Storage R&D Overview David Howell Hybrid and electric vehicles, energy storage technologies and control systems National and international R&D-projects, research institutions and funding
More informationIFPAC 2003 Dr. Berthold Andres
IFPAC 2003 Dr. Berthold Andres ABB Automation Products Germany Microelectromechanical Systems for Process Analytics Copyright 2002 ABB. All rights reserved. - Process Analyzer and Instrumentation Water
More informationISH2SUP (245294) Aarne Halme Aalto university
ISH2SUP (245294) Aarne Halme Aalto university Project & partnership In situ H2 supply technology for micro fuel cells Duration: 2010-2012 Budget: 1.7 M Funding: European Commission FCH JU, Partners Partners:
More informationAutonomous Energy Supply for Electronic Grains and Wireless Sensors
Autonomous Energy Supply for Electronic Grains and Wireless Sensors Frequenz Autonome Energieversorgung für drahtlose Sensoren und Mikrosysteme Abstract Effective power supply of autonomous electronic
More informationFlexible integrated micro sensor to internal real-time microscopic diagnosis of vanadium redox flow battery
Flexible integrated micro sensor to internal real-time microscopic diagnosis of vanadium redox flow battery *Chi-Yuan Lee 1), Chin-Lung Hsieh 2), Chia-Hung Chen 3), Kin-Fu Lin 2), Shyong Lee 3), Yen-Pu
More informationWorkshop on Automotive Stack Design Options, Platform Concept, and Cost Targets
AUTOSTACK Workshop Feb8 th 2011, Grenoble Workshop on Automotive Stack Design Options, Platform Concept, and Cost Targets F. Finsterwalder Daimler AG Content 1. Introduction 2. Summary of system requirements
More informationStudy of Alkaline Electrodes for Hybrid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
0013-4651/2010/157 10 /B1391/6/$28.00 The Electrochemical Society Study of Alkaline Electrodes for Hybrid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Murat Ünlü,* Junfeng Zhou,** and Paul A. Kohl***,z School of Chemical
More informationLi-ion Technology Overview NTSB Hearing Washington, D.C. July 12-13, 2006
Li-ion Technology Overview NTSB Hearing Washington, D.C. July 12-13, 2006 Jason Howard, Ph.D. Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff, Motorola, Inc. Board of Directors, Portable Rechargeable Battery
More informationPrinted Energy Storage
Printed Energy Storage Prof. James W. Evans 1,Jay Keist 1, Christine Ho 1, Ba Quan 1 & Prof. Paul K. Wright 2 1 Material Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 2 Mechanical
More informationYong Yang. PEM Fuel Cell System Manufacturing Cost Analysis for Automotive Applications. President. October, 2013
PEM Fuel Cell System Manufacturing Cost Analysis for Automotive Applications Yong Yang President October, 2013 Austin Power Engineering LLC 2310 W 9 th ST UNIT 1 Austin, TX 78703 USA www.austinpowereng.com
More informationEnergy Materials: Meeting the Challenge 9 th October 2008
Intelligent Energy Holdings Energy Materials: Meeting the Challenge 9 th October 2008 PEM Fuel Cells Paul Adcock Clean Fuel and Power 2008 Intelligent Energy Limited The information in this document is
More informationYong Yang. PEM Fuel Cell System Manufacturing Cost Analysis for Automotive Applications. President. November 12, 2014
PEM Fuel Cell System Manufacturing Cost Analysis for Automotive Applications Yong Yang President November 12, 2014 Austin Power Engineering LLC 1 Cameron St Wellesley, MA 02482 USA www.austinpowereng.com
More informationFuture power sources for mobile communications
Future power sources for mobile communications by K. Green and J. C. Wilson As the encroachment of portable electronics into everyday life continues, the demand for improved power sources is continuing
More informationPortable Power & Storage
Portable Power & Storage NMTC Disruptive Technology Summit and TECH CONN3CT Workshops 28 April 2017 Edward J. Plichta Chief Scientist for Power & Energy Command Power & Integration Directorate Aberdeen
More informationTHINERGY MEC220. Solid-State, Flexible, Rechargeable Thin-Film Micro-Energy Cell
THINERGY MEC220 Solid-State, Flexible, Rechargeable Thin-Film Micro-Energy Cell DS1013 v1.1 Preliminary Product Data Sheet Features Thin Form Factor 170 µm Thick Capacity options up to 400 µah All Solid-State
More informationVehicle Battery R&D Progress and Future Plans
Vehicle Battery R&D Progress and Future Plans Tien Q. Duong Office of Vehicle Technologies U.S. Department of Energy KSAE and IEA IA-HEV International Symposium on Electric Mobility and IA-HEV Task 1 Information
More informationUPGRADE OF AN INDUSTRIAL Al-BSF SOLAR CELL LINE INTO PERC USING SPATIAL ALD Al 2 O 3
UPGRADE OF AN INDUSTRIAL SOLAR CELL LINE INTO USING SPATIAL ALD Al 2 O 3 Floor Souren, Xavier Gay, Bas Dielissen and Roger Görtzen SoLayTec, Dillenburgstraat 9G, 5652 AM, Eindhoven, The Netherlands e-mail
More informationEnergy Storage. Chm446/1304 April 2, 2014 Hand your assignments in at the front.
Energy Storage Chm446/1304 April 2, 2014 Hand your assignments in at the front http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtqsiplgxa&feature=youtu.be World Energy Needs Projected to Increase 53% From 2008 to 2035
More informationAutoStack-CORE Automotive Fuel Cell Cluster for Europe II
AutoStack-CORE Automotive Fuel Cell Cluster for Europe II Ludwig Jörissen Speaker Affiliation http://autostack.zsw-bw.de ludwig.joerissen@zsw-bw.de Programme Review Days 2016 Brussels, 21-22 November Click
More informationProgress in Materials Development and Production for Zero Emissions Powertrains
Progress in Materials Development and Production for Zero Emissions Powertrains Dr Peter Gray 24 February, 2016 Overview 01 Johnson Matthey Plc 02 JM Activities in Low and Zero Emissions Vehicles 03 Fuel
More informationPrototype Micro Fuel Cell for FOMA Terminals
Prototype Micro Fuel Cell for FOMA Terminals Kazuhiko Takeno, Takayuki Kanai and Remi Shirota As FOMA terminals become increasingly sophisticated, they consume more power. We have investigated and manufactured
More informationFrom the material to the cell
F R A U N H O F E R B atter y A lliance Fraunhofer Battery Alliance 1 2 High-performance batteries are key components in mobile and stationary electrically-powered applications, and are also the most complex
More informationCustomcells. Tailormade Energystorage Solutions.
Customcells Tailormade Energystorage Solutions www.customcells.de 02 // Company Company // 03 Customcells Multi-option Lithium-Ion Cells Europe s most versatile manufacturer in the Lithium-Ion cell industry.
More informationMaterial Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
Printed Energy Storage Devices Christine C. Ho 1, Prof. James W. Evans 1 and Prof. Paul K. Wright 2 1 Material Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 2 Mechanical Engineering,
More informationFuel cell testing: an MEA manufacturer perspective
Fuel cell testing: an MEA manufacturer perspective James Keating Test Team Supervisor Technology Centre Blount s Court Sonning Common Reading RG49NH, UK Keatij@matthey.com +44(0)118 924 2131 Johnson Matthey
More informationThe BEEST: An Overview of ARPA-E s Program in Ultra-High Energy Batteries for Electrified Vehicles
The BEEST: An Overview of ARPA-E s Program in Ultra-High Energy Batteries for Electrified Vehicles David Danielson, PhD Program Director, ARPA-E NDIA Workshop to Catalyze Adoption of Next-Generation Energy
More informationSupercaps Fields of Application and Limits
Supercaps Fields of Application and Limits Dietmar Rahner TU Dresden Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie D-01062 Dresden Steffen Rahner Battery-Lab Rahner GmbH Dresden D-01217 Dresden www.battery-lab.de
More informationSeoul, Korea. 6 June 2018
Seoul, Korea 6 June 2018 Innovation roadmap in clean mobility materials SPEAKER Denis Goffaux Chief Technology Officer Executive Vice-President Energy & Surface Technologies 2 Agenda Well to wheel efficiency
More informationThin film coatings on lithium metal for Li-S batteries AIMCAL 2016 Memphis, TN
Thin film coatings on lithium metal for Li-S batteries AIMCAL 2016 Memphis, TN Stephen Lawes, Research Scientist OXIS Company Background OXIS have been working on Li-S since 2005 at Culham Science Centre
More informationA Direct DME High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Sep 14, 2018 A Direct DME High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Vassiliev, Anton; Jensen, Jens Oluf; Li, Qingfeng; Pan, Chao; Cleemann, Lars Nilausen; Steenberg, T.; Bjerrum,
More informationRequirement, Design, and Challenges in Inorganic Solid State Batteries
Requirement, Design, and Challenges in Inorganic Solid State Batteries Venkat Anandan Energy Storage Research Department 1 Ford s Electrified Vehicle Line-up HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle C-Max Hybrid Fusion
More informationIt s Not Easy Being Green Fuel Cell Vehicles. Dream or Reality?
It s Not Easy Being Green Dr. Billy Wu billy.wu06@imperial.ac.uk Lecturer in the School of Design Engineering Head of Division for Autonomous Systems and Manufacturing Imperial College London Electrochemical
More informationSOFC Development for Aircraft Application
SOFC Development for Aircraft Application G. Schiller German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Technical Thermodynamics Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany 1 st International Workshop on
More informationBatteries & Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Growth
Green Motions Ulm, 01.04.2014 Batteries & Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Growth Prof. Dr. Werner Tillmetz Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW) -1- Targets in Energy
More informationSmarter Solutions for a Clean Energy Future
April 8, 2013 FUEL CELL ENGINEERING SERVICES Smarter Solutions for a Clean Energy Future TJ Lawy Platform Manager, Engineering Services 2013 BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Who We Are
More informationThe Capacity Boosters Our graphite based battery solutions
The Capacity Boosters Our graphite based battery solutions SIGRACELL SIGRACET Graphite Materials & Systems 2 34 SIGRACELL materials for batteries Enhancing energy storage for tomorrow s needs We produce
More informationIan Jones, TWI Ltd ITMA 2015, Milan
Ian Jones, TWI Ltd ITMA 2015, Milan Powerweave FP7 European Project Development of Textiles for Electrical Energy Generation and Storage 4 years - ends in November 2015 Coordinated by TWI Ltd, UK 7 industrial
More informationVacuum Level. Fermi Level. W f W Bottom of conduction. (a) Vacuum Level. Fermi Level e - W W. X1= X2 (b) (c)
E Vacuum Level Fermi Level W f W 0 W Bottom of conduction (a) Met Vacuu Vacuum Level E Fermi Level e - W W W X1= X2 (b) Tunneling Phenomenon (c) Fig. 1.1 Energy diagrams of vacuum-metal boundary: (a) without
More informationUltra-Small Absolute Pressure Sensor Using WLP
Ultra-Small Absolute Pressure Sensor Using WLP Shinichi Murashige, 1 Satoshi Yamamoto, 2 Takeshi Shiojiri, 2 Shogo Mitani, 2 Takanao Suzuki, 3 and Mikio Hashimoto 4 Recently, as the miniaturization and
More information2F MEMS Proportional Pneumatic Valve
2F MEMS Proportional Pneumatic Valve Georgia Institute of Technology Milwaukee School of Engineering North Carolina A&T State University Purdue University University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign University
More informationIn situ H2 supply technology for micro fuel cells ISH2SUP (245294) Aarne Halme Aalto university
In situ H2 supply technology for micro fuel cells ISH2SUP (245294) Aarne Halme Aalto university Partners Partners: Aalto University (FI), CEA (FR), Hydrocell (FI), myfc(se) Duration: 2010-2012 Budget:
More informationHIGH TEMPERATURE ULTRA HIGH VOLTAGE SIC THYRISTORS
HIGH TEMPERATURE ULTRA HIGH VOLTAGE SIC THYRISTORS R. Singh, S. Creamer, E. Lieser, S. Jeliazkov, S. Sundaresan GeneSiC Semiconductor Inc. 43670 Trade Center Place, Suite 155, Dulles, VA 20166, USA. Email:
More informationRenewable Energy for Minnesota. Progress in Fuel Cell Research at CPG
Renewable Energy for Minnesota Progress in Fuel Cell Research at CPG Who are we? Cummins Power Generation (AKA Onan) World Headquarters, Central Engineering, and Manufacturing for the Americas In Fridley
More informationPower & Energy (P&E) Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) Mr. John Hopkins. Dr. Mukund Acharya. ARL Collaborative Alliance Manager
Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) Power & Energy (P&E) Mr. John Hopkins ARL Collaborative Alliance Manager Dr. Mukund Acharya Consortium Manager, Honeywell Engines, Systems & Services Consortium
More informationAPPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY Technion s Chemical Power Sources Research
ה ט כ נ י ו ן מ כ ו ן ט כ נ ו ל ו ג י ל י ש ר א ל TECHNION - ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY הפקולטה למדע והנדסה של חומרים DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING - APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY Technion
More informationVIII.5 Hydrogen Fuel Quality
VIII.5 Hydrogen Fuel Quality T. Rockward (Primary Contact), C. Quesada, K. Rau, E. Brosha, F. Garzon, and R. Mukundan P.O Box 1663 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Los Alamos, NM 87545 Phone: (55)
More informationEffect of Hybridization on the Performance of Fuel Cell Energy/Power Systems (FCEPS) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Effect of Hybridization on the Performance of Fuel Cell Energy/Power Systems (FCEPS) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (Paper No: IMECE2010-38884) Dr. Mebs Virji Co-authors : K. Bethune, R. Rocheleau University
More informationOpportunities & Challenges Energy Storage
M. Scott Faris CEO faris@planarenergy.com 407-459-1442 Opportunities & Challenges Energy Storage February 2011 The National Academies Workshop Phoenix, AZ Battery Industry is Stuck Volumes are Substantial
More information2012 Fuel Cell Seminar
Manufacturing Cost Analysis of Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Full Battery Electric Vehicle 2012 Fuel Cell Seminar Yong Yang November, 2012 Austin Power Engineering LLC 2310 W 9 th ST Unit
More informationDye sensitized solar cells - a successful research
Dye sensitized solar cells - a successful research Adélio Mendes Porto & FEUP, February 23, 2016 Chemical Engineering Department Portugal & Porto Porto Lisbon 2 Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering
More informationThe Challenges of Electric Energy Storage. Nigel Taylor, Nick Green, Chris Lyness, Steve Nicholls
The Challenges of Electric Energy Storage Nigel Taylor, Nick Green, Chris Lyness, Steve Nicholls Technology Walk Customer familiarity with recharging IC HEV PHEV EV Kinetic energy recovery Plug-in Battery
More informationElectric cars: batteries of fuel cells?
Electric cars: batteries of fuel cells? Piercarlo Mustarelli Department of Chemistry University of Pavia Summary The electric transportation paradox Batteries and fuel cells at a glance State-of-the-art
More informationCSIRO Energy Storage Projects: David Lamb Low Emission Transport Theme Leader
CSIRO Energy Storage Projects: David Lamb Low Emission Transport Theme Leader Energy Storage for Transport Three projects Safe, High-Performance Lithium-Metal Batteries Supercapacitors Ultrabattery 10
More informationCURRENT AND FUTURE PROPAGATION TEST AND THE EMBEDDING IN PRODUCT SAFETY THOMAS TIMKE, JRC
CURRENT AND FUTURE PROPAGATION TEST AND THE EMBEDDING IN PRODUCT SAFETY THOMAS TIMKE, JRC 09.03.2018 SOLARWATT COMMITMENT Safety Not negotiable Lifetime & Performance Current main topic in Germany Complete
More informationA Novel Non-Solder Based Board-To-Board Interconnection Technology for Smart Mobile and Wearable Electronics
A Novel Non-Solder Based Board-To-Board Interconnection Technology for Smart Mobile and Wearable Electronics Sung Jin Kim, Young Soo Kim*, Chong K. Yoon*, Venky Sundaram, and Rao Tummala 3D Systems Packaging
More informationCost Analysis of Direct Hydrogen PEM Fuel Cell/Lithium Ion Battery Hybrid Power Source for Transportation Fuel Cell Seminar, Orlando.
Cost Analysis of Direct Hydrogen PEM Fuel Cell/Lithium Ion Battery Hybrid Power Source for Transportation 2011 Fuel Cell Seminar, Orlando Yong Yang November, 2011 Austin Power Engineering LLC 3506 Enfield
More informationHigh Power Bipolar Nickel Metal Hydride Battery for Utility Applications
High Power Bipolar Nickel Metal Hydride Battery for Utility Applications Michael Eskra, Robert Plivelich meskra@electroenergyinc.com, Rplivelich@electroenergyinc.com Electro Energy Inc. 30 Shelter Rock
More informationPEFC ACTIVITY AT ITAE ON PORTABLE FUEL CELLS
IEA Technology CollaboraAon Program on Advanced Fuel Cells FUEL CELLS FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS May 15-16, 2017 Graz (Austria) PEFC ACTIVITY AT ITAE ON PORTABLE FUEL CELLS FABIO V. MATERA fabio.matera@itae.cnr.it
More informationHigh Energy Rechargeable Li-S Battery Development at Sion Power and BASF
High Energy Rechargeable Li-S Battery Development at Sion Power and BASF Y. Mikhaylik*, C. Scordilis-Kelley*, M. Safont*, M. Laramie*, R. Schmidt**, H. Schneider**, K. Leitner** *Sion Power Corporation,
More informationHybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles. Internal Combustion Engines
Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles Internal Combustion Engines Gallery of Hybrid Vehicles Toyota Prius Honda Insight Gallery of Hybrid Vehicles Hyundai Ford http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_hybrid_vehicles
More informationFEMAG-C. Serial hybrid generator for electric city cars. Hybrid Small Fuel Cells Domenico Serpella LABOR S.r.l. (ITALY)
FEMAG-C Serial hybrid generator for electric city cars 14th Annual International Symposium Hybrid Small Fuel Cells 2012 Domenico Serpella LABOR S.r.l. (ITALY) Boston, July 18th 2012 Finding a way or making
More informationSpecifications and schedule of a fuel cell test railway vehicle. T. Yoneyama, K. Ogawa, T. Furuya, K. Kondo, T. Yamamoto
Specifications and schedule of a fuel cell test railway vehicle T. Yoneyama, K. Ogawa, T. Furuya, K. Kondo, T. Yamamoto Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo Japan. 1. Abstract This paper describes
More informationThere are several technological options to fulfill the storage requirements. We cannot use capacitors because of their very poor energy density.
ET3034TUx - 7.5.1 - Batteries 1 - Introduction Welcome back. In this block I shall discuss a vital component of not only PV systems but also renewable energy systems in general. As we discussed in the
More informationInnovative Uses of Nickel. Joint Study Groups Seminar New & Innovative Applications for Metals. 28 April 2010 Lisbon, Portugal
Innovative Uses of Nickel Joint Study Groups Seminar New & Innovative Applications for Metals 28 April 2010 Lisbon, Portugal Innovative Uses of Nickel Innovative Projects Incorporate Nickel In transportation
More informationFuel Specification for fuel cells
Fuel Specification for fuel cells EU workshop on Regulations, codes and standards for H 2 /FC technologies February 25, 2005 Paul van den Oosterkamp Frank de Bruijn ECN-Fuel Cell Technology Outline Fuel
More informationBattery Power for All-Electric Road Vehicles John B. Goodenough and M. Helena Braga The University of Texas at Austin, and of Porto, Portugal
Battery Power for All-Electric Road Vehicles John B. Goodenough and M. Helena Braga The University of Texas at Austin, and of Porto, Portugal Modern Society runs on the energy stored in fossil fuels. This
More informationBallard Power Systems
Ballard Power Systems Ballard Power Systems CUTE A Fuel Cell Bus Project for Europe Lessons learned from a fuel cell perspective May 10 and 11, 2006 Outline 1. Background on Ballard Power Systems a. Brief
More informationProducts for Fuel Cell Systems
Products for Fuel Cell Systems www.schunk-group.com HY Power Unit 300 The Universal Fuel Cell System The universal fuel cell system HY Power Unit 300 was designed with importance given to flexibility and
More informationUltra-thin Flexible Primary Film Battery Manufacturing Technology
Core Part of Subminiature Flexible Device Power Ultra-thin Flexible Primary Film Battery Manufacturing Technology Contact: Heejin Choi Email: hjchoi2@etri.re.kr Phone: +82. 42. 860. 4946 2 TECHNOLOGY BRIEF
More informationTekStak Educational Fuel Cells
TekStak Educational Fuel Cells Park nratio Energy Systems Unit 9 Edgewood Avenue New Britain, CT - fuelcellsales@parker.com 877-7- TekStak Products The Parker TekStak products are a complete line of educational
More informationVanadium-Bromine Redox Flow Battery
Vanadium-Bromine Redox Flow Battery Flow Batterie Kolloquium in Karlsruhe am 27. September 2017 H. Frank Gibbard, Ph.D. CEO WattJoule Corporation Devens, Massachusetts USA Stationary Energy Storage Why
More informationAutomotive Technology
Automotive Technology Advanced Technology for Automotive Applications Design, Manufacture & Test www.cmac.com C-MAC MicroTechnology is a leader in the manufacture and test of complex, high-reliability
More informationIndex. bulk micromachining 2 3, 56, 94 96, 109, 193, 248
Index ablation 82, 84 accelerometer manufacturers 197, 220 accelerometers 2 4, 7, 9, 126 27, 168 69, 179, 197, 200 1, 204, 210, 212 14, 216 20, 239 41, 249 51, 279 80 digital 200 single-axis 197 98 single-die
More informationTekes Fuel Cell Programme Annual Seminar
Tekes Fuel Cell Programme Annual Seminar 14.9.2010 Heikki Kotila DM 09-2010 Purpose of the seminar The target is to introduce international activities in European fuel cell sector and activate cooperation.
More informationEnergy Storage (Battery) Systems
Energy Storage (Battery) Systems Overview of performance metrics Introduction to Li Ion battery cell technology Electrochemistry Fabrication Battery cell electrical circuit model Battery systems: construction
More informationMetal-air batteries. Joan Gómez Chabrera Alejandro Andreu Nácher Pablo Bou Pérez
Metal-air batteries Joan Gómez Chabrera Alejandro Andreu Nácher Pablo Bou Pérez Index 1. Introduction 2. Principle of operation of metal-air batteries 3. Air cathodes 4. Types 5. General aplications 6.
More informationFuel Cell Lab Manual. Non Conventional Energy Systems Facility. Non Conventional Energy Systems Facility. Boiler House
Fuel Cell Lab Manual Non Conventional Energy Systems Facility Boiler House Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Kanpur System Description The Nexa system provides up to 1200 watts of unregulated DC
More informationProLogium Lithium Ceramic Battery Profile
ProLogium Lithium Ceramic Battery Profile 2018.07 About ProLogium Milestone Technology Target market About ProLogium ProLogium TM Technology (PLG) is a next generational Lithium battery cell maker who
More informationThermal Battery Development Reduced Product Variability Through Six Sigma and Materials Finger-Printing
Power Sources Center 50 th Annual NDIA Fuze Conference Norfolk, VA 9-11 May 2006 Thermal Battery Development Reduced Product Variability Through Six Sigma and Materials Finger-Printing Authors: Paul F.
More informationZinc-Air Batteries for UAVs and MAVs
Zinc-Air Batteries for UAVs and MAVs Dr. Neal Naimer, Vice President R&D (speaker) Binyamin Koretz, Vice President Business Development Ronald Putt, Director of Technology Electric Fuel Corporation Auburn,
More informationLithium-ion Batteries Material Strategy and Positioning. Energy Storage HARDWARE
HARDWARE Energy Storage Lithium-ion Batteries Material Strategy and Positioning Lithium-ion batteries are to replace the nickel-metal hydride batteries that are currently being used in hybrid motor vehicles
More informationKeeping up with the increasing demands for electrochemical energy storage
Keeping up with the increasing demands for electrochemical energy storage Jeff Sakamoto 2015 Top of the learning curve: optimize current technology 2020 Frontiers of Li-ion technology: new materials 2030
More informationList of contributors Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
Contents List of contributors Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Preface ix xiii xix 1 Rechargeable lithium batteries: key scientific and technological challenges 1 M. Bini, D. Capsoni, S. Ferrari, E.
More informationOur Solutions for Automotive.
Our Solutions for Automotive www.horiba.com info.sci@horiba.com Solutions for Automotive Your Lab Partner Analytical examples of all vehicle parts We support new material developments required for next-generation
More informationSupercapacitors as Power Buffers between Energy Harvesters and Wireless Sensors Pierre Mars Battery Power, September 18-19, 2012
Supercapacitors as Power Buffers between Energy Harvesters and Wireless Sensors Pierre Mars Battery Power, September 18-19, 2012 Energy: The amount of work that can be done Power: The rate at which work
More informationA Micro Power Generation System with Gas Turbine Engine and Piezo Converter -- Modeling, Fabrication and Characterization --
A Micro Power Generation System with Gas Turbine Engine and Piezo Converter -- Modeling, Fabrication and Characterization -- X.C. Shan *1, Z.F. Wang 1, Y.F. Jin 1, C.K. Wong 1, J. Hua 2, M. Wu 2, F. Lu
More informationBattery Selection, Safety, and Monitoring in Mobile Applications
Battery Selection, Safety, and Monitoring in Mobile Applications Yevgen Barsukov, Texas Instruments ABSTRACT The battery is often considered by engineers as a constant voltage source that does not require
More informationHarsh Environment Sensor Cluster for Infrastructure Monitoring Single-Chip, Self-Powered, Wireless Sensor Systems
for Infrastructure Monitoring Single-Chip, Self-Powered, Wireless Sensor Systems Professor Albert ( Al ) P. Pisano Director, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center Fanuc Chair for Mechanical Systems Member,
More informationIs there really anything wrong with it? Generation II 2007 Toyota Prius 311,000 miles
Is there really anything wrong with it? Generation II 2007 Toyota Prius 311,000 miles Always make sure that the HV Disconnect is removed! Always use the proper protective equipment! 1,000 volt gloves Battery
More informationTowards competitive European batteries
Towards competitive European batteries GC.NMP.2013-1 Grant. 608936 Lecture I: Materials improvement and cells manufacturing Leclanché GmbH External Workshop Brussels, 23.05.2016 1 Plan About Leclanché
More informationFuel Cells A Complement and an Alternative to Batteries on the Path to Application
www.dlr.de Chart 1 Fuel Cells A Complement and an Alternative to Batteries on the Path to Application K. Andreas Friedrich Institut für Technische Thermodynamik Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, Stuttgart 2 Content
More information