SMA Solar Technology. Solar Integration Technology Presented by Elie Nasr Business Development, Utility Scale

Transcription

1 SMA Solar Technology Solar Integration Technology Presented by Elie Nasr Business Development, Utility Scale

2 Disclaimer IMPORTANT LEGAL INDICATIONS This presentation is not an offer or invitation for the subscription, takeover or other acquisition of financial instruments issued by SMA Solar Technology AG (the "company") or by a present or future subsidiary of the company (together with the company, the "SMA Group"). It does not represent a component of such an offer, nor should it be considered as such. This presentation or parts of it should not serve as the foundation or reference document for contracts or any obligation to acquire or subscribe to financial instruments of the company or of a member of the SMA Group. All information in this presentation was prepared with due diligence. Nevertheless, we guarantee neither the absence of errors nor its completeness, and nothing in this presentation should be regarded as constituting such a guaranty. The information contained in this presentation is continually complemented, edited and updated. Some of the statements in this presentation may be statements about expectations regarding the future, or other statements directed toward the future, which are based on the management's present perspectives and assumptions, which are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. The actual results, events and performance of the company can differ considerably from the statements made in the presentation, all of which can be a result of certain factors, changes in the business and market conditions and changes in the growth opportunities predicted by the management. These and other factors can influence negatively the financial results of the plans and events described in the presentation. The company assumes no obligation to update or edit statements regarding the future based on new information or events. The statements regarding the future in this document should not be considered to be completely reliable, since they relate only to the point in time in which the presentation takes place. This presentation serves the sole purpose of providing information and may not be disseminated further nor may it be passed on to third parties which are not its intended audience. No portions of the presentation may be copied, reproduced or quoted by the intended audience for purposes other than its intended use. The present document does not represent an offer for the sale of financial instruments in the United States of America. Financial instruments may not be offered nor sold without registration or exemption from registration, in accordance with the amended version of the US Securities Act of

3 SMA Solar Technology Founded in 1981 Headquarters in Niestetal, Germany Publicly traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange since June 2008 Fourteen subsidiaries on four continents More than 4,000 employees The oldest and largest supplier of PV inverters in the world Company Proprietary Largest Global Inverter Company 3

4 State RPS 4

5 Rank Utility Types & Installed PV Capacity as of 12/31/2009 Investor Owned Utilities (MW- AC) Municipal Utilities (MW- AC) Cooperatives (MW- AC) 1 PG&E (CA) LADWP (CA) 16.9 Sulphur Springs Valley Electric Coop (AZ) SCE (CA) SMUD (CA) 14.2 Kauai Island Utility Co-op (HI) NV Energy (NV) 87.9 LIPA (NY) 12.0 Trico Electric Co-op (AZ) San Diego Gas & Electric (CA) 66.4 SRP (AZ) 8.2 Mohave Electric Co-op (AZ XCEL Energy (CO) 43.2 IID (CA) 3.7 Graham County Electric Co-op (AZ) PSE&G (NJ) 42.7 Austin Energy (TX) 2.5 Clay Electric Co-op, Inc. (FL) FP&L (FL) 30.5 Palo Alto Utilities (CA) 2.2 Great River Energy (MN) APS (AZ) 21.5 Turlock Irrigation District (CA) 1.9 Adams-Columbia Electric Co-op (WI) Hawaiian Electric Co (HI) 9.1 Eugene Water & Electric Board (OR) 10 Portland General Electric (OR) 7.7 City of Santa Clara (CA) 1.8 Douglas Electric Co-op (OR) Mountain Electric Co-op (TN)* 0.03 Others 70.0 Others 14.5 Others 0.07 Grand Total

6 Sample PV Generation Plant Single Line Diagram Inverter AC Output Range {200V - 480V} MV XFMR Medium Voltage Bus Range {12.5kV kV} - - HV XFMR POI Transmission Grid - Transmission Bus 69kV 6

7 PV Generation Characteristics Inadequate Characteristics Non-Dispatchable Non-Voltage Regulating Non-Frequency Responsive Non-Controlled ramp-rate Trips-off during voltage fluctuations No Stability Models Required Characteristics Dispatchable Potential to supply voltage regulation Frequency Response Power Factor Control Ramp-Rate Control LVRT Stability Models Currently PV Market Regulated by IEEE1547, UL1741 Anti-Islanding required, no LVRT Large penetration on the Grids need to be Reliable Penetration NEC Code Limit of 600V DC 1000V DC of interest for large scale utility installations 7

8 Integrating Renewable Energy A look at Europe Target Maximum possible percentage of electricity from renewable energy sources European countries introduce Feed-In-Tariffs (FIT). Force acceptance of PV inverters and guarantee interconnection access. PV plants increase in size from residential, to commercial to utility plants. PV grid connection evolution mimicking wind Situation then Renewable PV generation systems do not contribute to grid stability Expert s opinion increasing share of renewable sources will require new standards for interconnections Example German MV Directive (6/2008) and French National Act (4/2008) 8

9 Requirements of New Medium Voltage Directive (Germany) Simplified illustration of grid control using PV plants (medium-voltage grid) Source Erzeugungsanlagen am Mittelspannungsnetz. BDEW, Release June

10 Active Power Limitation with Power Reducer Box Prevent overload or congestion 4 default settings but configurable up to 16 steps. e.g. 100 % power 60 % power 30 % power 0 % power Ramp Configurable % rate increase vs. % rate decrease from 20sec to 60min 10

11 Maintaining Grid Stability Over Frequency Response SMA 1000V Inverters Designed for Static and Dynamic Active Power Control P PM Power increase up to MPP Frequency rise Power reduction 28% Reduction of active power dependent on Grid Frequency. > In Case of Grid Failures > in Case of Power Surplus > to avoid Grid Instabilities 4% active power reduction / 0.1Hz Configurable for 60Hz and various % slopes f [Hz] Source Erzeugungsanlagen am Mittelspannungsnetz. BDEW, Release June

12 Grid Support Reactive Power Supply lagging leading Objective Maintain stable grid voltage Static power factor / reactive power supply defined/required by utility (SMA Full Power cos ϕ = 0.90 ind to 0.90 cap ) Dynamic reactive power supply on demand remotely controlled by utility Dynamic reactive power supply depending on grid voltage Dynamic power factor according to a predefined schedule > Impact on PV inverter and plant design! German Market PF Requirement 0.95 lagging to 0.95 leading at point of common coupling SMA 1000V Inverters Designed for PF Control and VAR Compensation Source Erzeugungsanlagen am Mittelspannungsnetz. BDEW, Release June

13 Mathematical Formulation According to Pythagoream Theorem S P Q Cos ϕ apparent power active power reactive power power factor tan (phi) = Q/P 13

14 Voltage and Current are linked together > If current i and voltage v are in phase, a fluctuating but always positive power results - pure active power. In the case of a phase shift of 90 degrees between i and v, the average value of the power is zero - pure reactive power. 14

15 Adjustable Inverter Current Angle = Adjustable Power Factor AC Voltage & Currents Sync. Voltage Current, 100% Current, 60% Angle phi at which inverter current is imposed into a voltage source COS phi = Power Factor Time 15

16 Grid Management in Action 16

17 SMA Inverters Q(V) Characteristic V A r Q M a x V olw idn om Q min, max, ± 0..50% of P max VolWidNom 0 to 20% of V Grid-Nom VolNomP1, P2 Voltage Deadband 1 & 2, 0.8pu to 1.20pu VArGradNom Reactive Power Gradient( 0 to 10%P max /V inv-nom ) V A rg ran o m V o ln om P 2 V oln o m P 1 G d V tg Q M a x V o lw idn o m 17

18 Grid Support Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) Grenzkurven Voltage Characteristic Spannungsverlauf Grenzlinie V/V U/U c Limit 1 Grenzlinie Limit 2 C 100% 70% 45% 30% 15% Zeitpunkt eines Störungseintritts Time of failure (short circuit) Lower limit of unterer Wert des Spannungsbandes voltage range Below blue line Unterhalb der blauen Kennlinie bestehen keine no requirements Anforderungen hinsichtlich des Verbleibens am Netz. for FRT Zeit in time [msec] German Market Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) Requirement > Objective Stay connected during HV grid disturbances in a manner similar to FERC Order 661-A. Why? To avoid simultaneous shutdown of generation sources. > Required performance > Voltage dip to 0 at utility interconnection point (HV side of the transformer) > Inverter must stay connected during a grid failure for 150 ms (7.5 cycles for 50Hz systems) > If within 150 ms voltage is back above Limit 1 stable operation > If after 150 ms voltage stays below Limit 2 (30% of V nom ) May disconnect from the grid > If voltage between Limit 1 and Limit 2, then recovery behaviour to be defined by utility interconnected to. SMA 1000V Inverters Designed to Support LVRT Requirement Source Erzeugungsanlagen am Mittelspannungsnetz. BDEW, Release June

19 LVRT Or Fault Ride Through Worldwide Worst Case? 19

20 LVRT for North America SMA Inverters Can Support Courtesy ERCOT Operating Guide 20

21 Grid Stability Dynamic Stability Models SMA Inverter Dynamic Stability Models for PSSE Versions, 29, 30, 31, 32 & PSLF Versions 16, 17 21

22 SOLAR TECHNOLOGY Questions? Elie Nasr (cell) (office)