Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for Chapel Hill Street Lights, Traffic Signals, and Fleet Vehicles

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1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for Chapel Hill Street Lights, Traffic Signals, and Fleet Vehicles Caitlin Cox, Bradley Lynn, Eric Maltbie, Shelley Stevens

2 Street Lights Chapel Hill operates over 3000 street lights Street Lights Total Lights?? High Pressure Sodium?? % % Mercury Vapor?? % % Unclassified?? 44 1% 36 1% Lights by Wattage 100 W?? % % 150 W?? 37 1% 37 1% 175 W?? % % 250 W?? % % 400 W?? 85 3% 88 3% There was no street light bulb data for 2005 or 2006 available at the time of this report.

3 Traffic Lights Chapel Hill operates traffic signals at only 13 intersections, most of which are downtown The remainder of the Chapel Hill signals are operated by the State DOT

4 The Town of Chapel Hill s Green Fleets Policy Commitments: Energy consumption Dependence on foreign oil Improve air quality

5 Chapel Hill s Fleet Chapel Hill s Fleet consists of departmental vehicles and off-road vehicles.

6 Methodology: Lighting Stock

7 Methodology: Motor Fleet

8 Results Overall 4% increase in CO2 emissions for the fleet Simultaneous increase in fleet by 12% 11% Increase in use of cars that get 25 MPG or more Increase in 88% in the number of vehicle miles driven with E85 from

9 M. Tons CO Total Fleet CO Year Total CO2 in metric tons released by the fleet of Chapel Hill for the years

10 M. Tons CO2 CO2 Emissions by Department Police Sanitation Landscape Fire Streets Others Departm ent Emissions of each of the 5 largest consuming departments, in metric tons of CO2.

11 Total CO2 Emissions by Department 2005 Police Sanitation Landscape Fire Streets Others

12 Gallons of Fuel by Fuel Type 2005 Gallons of Fuel by Fuel Type 2008 Diesel Unleaded Diesel Unleaded E85 Gallons of fuel consumed by fuel type for 2008 and 2005, including diesel, unleaded, and E85.

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14 VMT Average VMT by Department Police Sanitation Landscape Fire Streets Others Year Average VMT by department for each of the major departments, and a category including all of the other departments for , by average miles.

15 kg CO2/avg VMT Overall emissions per VMT by the 5 major departments for , in metric tons of CO2 released per mile driven 60 Emissions per VMT by Department Police Sanitation Landscape Fire Streets Year

16 Emissions Breakdown per Vehicle -The average emissions per vehicle was highest for the Sanitation department, with metric tons of CO2 -The lowest emitting department per vehicle was the Police department, followed by the landscape department. -The percent change from 2005 to 2008 was highest in the Police department with a 25% change, followed by the Sanitation department with an overall 12% change.

17 VMT per Vehicle Largest for the streets department with an average VMT of , followed closely by the fire department with VMT

18 Fleet Conclusions Increase in emission from has a lot do with the increase in fleet size, a 12% increase versus only a 4% increase in CO2 emissions The total increase in CO2 released from 2005 to 2007 was 136 metric tons CO2, while the total increase from was only 7 metric tons The decrease in emissions despite the increase in the number of vehicles from 2007 to 2008 could be because of the increase in vehicles which get 20 or more MPG and those that use E85.

19 Tonnes CO Total CO2 Emissions for Street Lights and Traffic Signals Total eco2 (tonnes) Street Lights Traffic Signals Year

20 Tonnes CO2 Total CO2 Emitted by Traffic Signals and Street Lights Year

21 Savings of kwh street signals that were switched to LED had a 56-80% savings of kwh

22 Policy Recomendations

23 LEDs May Save 40 55% of Street Lighting Energy and Emissions Currently under trial on Franklin St

24 Roundabouts Eliminate the need for traffic signals Cause vehicles to consume 28% less fuel than traffic signals Improve traffic flow and safety

25 Smart Grids Potentially save 40% of street light emissions

26 Fleet Recommendations Biofuel Town acquisition Can be used in diesel engines without conversion Lower emissions Minor engine modifications necessary for B100

27 Fleet Recommendations 85% Ethanol Town saw CO2 emissions reduction with the use of E85 in its fleet Can make ethanol from waste products that contain cellulous

28 Fleet Recommendations Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Methane only considerable greenhouse gas contribution Chapel Hill has a few CNG-fueled vehicles ww.teensthinkgreen.com/images/traffic-sign-cng-un- 10_5b1_5d_05.jpg

29 Fleet Recommendations Downsizing Police department Creative incentives Chicago Bike Plan

30 Fleet Recommendations Electric Vehicles Richmond, California Standard electric outlets

31 Fleet Recommendations Analyze departments for vehicle need Remove little-used vehicles No-idling policy Incentives Emissions caps 06fc4c00d03e/m1x00058_carbontax.jpg

32 Fleet Recommendations Education and Awareness campaigns around Town and at UNC

33 Fleet Recommendations Campaigning Green or progressive area Competition between cities Asheville, North Carolina

34 Streamlining Data Analysis Creating a streamlined system is useful, just as much if not more so than a future projection. Notes from data technicians Dynamic file type export Metadata system

35 Future Research Recommendations Emissions from off-road vehicles Refrigerants Scope 3 emissions Analyze spatial growth of lighting