Electrification of flight Next stop: Your gliding club. Jens Trabolt

Transcription

1 Electrification of flight Next stop: Your gliding club Jens Trabolt

2 Why go electric? Our Pawnee is doing a fine job Yes, but

3 Youtube: Key tech drivers

4 Elevated Carbon levels? What could possibly cause this?

5 Why are we burning so much fuel? Global population explosion

6 No need to burn coal, gas or oil The Sun: A giant hydrogen fusion reactor mill tons hydrogen/sec) 1 kw/m 2 delivered to Earth 1 hour of sunlight can power all energy demands on Earth for an entire year Fuel for another 5 billion years (vs oil/coal that will run out eventually years)

7 Solar powered (electric) drivetrains Pro Quiet, vibration free, clean (no oil, smell or smoke), Highly energy-efficient (90% vs 15%), No carbon emission (with green electricity) Low pilot workload, no crazy stuka-dives Few mechanical parts

8 Solar powered (electric) drivetrains Cons Limited energy density (4 kwh FES vs 125 kwh in 13 liter petrol) Somewhat longish charging times Costly, heavy and delicate batteries

9 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft Lange Antares 20/23E (2003) First real electric SLG 20/23M flapped open class SLG Aprx 50 produced (including petrol turbo) 42 kw motor (Battery pack 11,6 kwh/77 kg) Climb performance 4,0 m/s / meters alt.gain Lange-powertrain also used in Arcus Electro

10 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft Pipistrel Taurus Electro, 2007 (Taurus M 2002) Ultralight self-launching side-by-side glider 7,4 kwh batteries, 40 kw motor. Climb performance 2,2 m/s (tested in 35 degrees C) 1300 meters gain

11 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft Stuttgart University egenius, 2011 Experimental aircraft built by students 56 kwh batteries, 80 kwh Sineton motor. 400 km non-stop flight in 2013 and 7 world records by K. Ohlmann - Airspeed on a 100 km out and return distance: 178,1 km/h - Airspeed in a straight line of 15 km: 229,7 km/ Range extender with wankel engine in pod under wing is currently being tested

12 No fossil fuel here from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft Solar Impulse 2, 2013 World record long range experimental aircraft 164 kwh batteries 4 x 13 kw motors 66 kwp (kwpeak) solar cells Circumnavigated the earth by solar power alone Longest flight Japan Hawaii (longest solo flight In the world by any aircraft) in 117 hours, 52 minutes (almost 5 days) and distance 7,212 km

13 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft Schleicher ASG 32 EL, first flight 2016 Developed in joint venture between AS and technical universities in Hessen. 20 m 2 seater Electric turbo, 25 kw motor, 7 kwh battery Total weight of turbo system: 89 kgs Climb performance 1,3 m/s (NG test) 100 km range

14 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft FES System About 150 gliders flying Battery Power increase: From 15 (initial type) to 22 kw (present) Increased fire and mechanical shock protection since 2 fire incidents in 2017 Cons A small, but measurable extra drag from the propeller blades (1-2 L/D) Pro No pylon drag if engine fails, no complex pylon mechanism

15 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft 4,2 kwh batteries (2 x 15 kg), 22 kw air cooled motor. Horizontal flight with 5 kw, 100 km/h / aprx km range Easy drivetrain management: The ultimate non-stress-turbo Makes cross-country flights easy, also for inexperienced pilots FES-drivetrain HPH Shark Ventus 2/3 / Discus Alisport Silent LAK 17 /MiniLAK

16 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft MiniLAK FES, ,5 M FAI-class flapped SLG 4,2 kwh batteries, 22 kw motor. Considering engine power, I was impressed by the acceleration. With my weight, 90 kg with parachute, and the 220 kg of the LAK, I was airborne in less than 200 meters on the asphalt runway with a slight headwind. Not bad for 30 "horses". Once up in the air at a safe altitude, I pulled back a little and with about 20 KW of power climbed steadily with 2 m / s. (Mikael Roslund)

17 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft FES System not only sustainer.

18 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft Peszke GP 15 Velo SE, first flight m flapped ultralight/15 m class SLG Prototype in development (withdrawn from worlds) 25 kw MGM-Compro motor (Battery pack Sony 4,6 kw in wings), 1800 watt charger Climb performance 5,0 m/s (factory claim) Modern high performance SLG Very quick ex-/retract of pylon Classic pylon layout (not FES)

19 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft ch?v=hraxvp3zpwa GP Jeta 15 SE maiden flight June 2018

20 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft Pipistrel Alpha Trainer Electro, first flight 2014 as prototype 10 m flapped ultralight training aircraft In serial production (+40 produced) 60 kw Emrax motor (Battery pack 20 kwh in fuselage), kw fast charger Climb performance +6,0 m/s (NG Test) Endurance mins (NG flew 41 minutes on a half charge) Extremely quiet Very powerful Very easy drivetrain management Suited for flight schools (potential low cost: 3 euros in fuel per hour)

21 Overview of electric aircraft from exotic experimental to standard club aircraft Onix, first flight November 5 th m flapped TMG Prototype based on the Rotax-powered Czech TMG Phoenix. 60 kw MGM-Compro motor (Battery pack 34 kwh in fuselage), kw fast charger Endurance 150 mins (claimed)

22 Will electric powertrains follow the standard routine? Consumer tech always goes Cheaper, better, faster with each design iteration Production volume/efficiency increase Cost decrease Performance increase 30 design iterations in 35 years) USD in 1984 (almost in current prices) Basic phone, 15 USD 2018

23 The road to everybody 2018 = 190 $/kwh for Tesla Model 3 Battery cost is expected to fall further with expansion of global production capacity Will electric powertrains follow the standard evolution routine? Yes, so it seems

24 Technology evolution Batteries More power in less space

25 Technology evolution Investment into start-ups developing new types of batteries rose to more than $1.5 billion in the first half of the year, almost twice the level in 2017, according to data from Cleantech Group. (Bloomberg)

26 Technology evolution

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28 Innovation adoption lifecycle Diffusion of innovation; Everett Rogers, 1963 Who is buying electric cars now? Who is buying electric gliders now? The mass market for cars is around the corner

29 *Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) Mercedes EQC km WLTP*, 80 kwh Debut 2019 Tesla Model 3, 2018 The Affordable Tesla Range 350/500 km EPA The majority will go electric (sooner than we think) 2019 Hyundai Kona, 64 kwh, 495 km range WLTP* Price starting at 270 TKR Range anxiety will be unheard of in 5 years from now. Innovations will spill into other sectors e.g. aviation/gliding

30 Changes in global tech Gliding is not an island. Electrification in aviation will develop rapidly as a function of global transport electrification. A good place to experiment Gliders can fly on very little power if we want to power a B737, it s a good beginning to start with a Discus. They are already here Most glider manufacturers has some kind of electric gliders now unthinkable 20 years ago. How will it be in 15 years from now?