Public Level 2 Charging: NREL and Clean Ci*es Resources

Transcription

1 Public Level 2 Charging: NREL and Clean Ci*es Resources Andrew P. Hudgins Na*onal Renewable Energy Laboratory July 29, 2015 NREL is a na*onal laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

2 DOE s Alternative Fueling Station Locator Collaborate with alterna*ve fuel industry groups, infrastructure and fuel providers, Clean Ci*es coordinators, consumers and vehicle manufacturers. Iden*fy key data fields to support fleets AFV deployment efforts. 2

3 DOE s Alternative Fueling Station Locator The total number of alterna*ve fueling sta*ons con*nues to grow. Growth in EVSE con*nues to increase, even ayer a significant growth period in # of Charging Units DC Fast EVSE Sta:on Growth # of Charging Units Total Stations (Existing and Planned) Level 2 EVSE Sta:on Growth Level 2 and DC Fast EVSE Sta:on Growth Date # of Charging Units Biodiesel E85 EVSE LPG CNG LNG Date Level 2 DC Fast Date Total Sta*ons by Fuel Type ( ) 3

4 CA Statewide PEV Infrastructure Assessment This is the first statewide analy*cal framework for EVSE infrastructure. Establishes a framework for how to achieve the ZEV Ac*on Plan Goal of EVSE Deployment Sufficient to support 1.0 Million ZEVs by

5 Two EVSE Scenarios Focus on Two Key Trends Consumer Demand Overall consumer demand for workplace and public charging EVSE Supply Total benefits to EVSE suppliers from increased workplace and public access Consumer Demand for Public Charging A: Unfulfilled Demand B: High Public Access Public Access: Moderate Cost to Consumers: High C: Home Dominant Public Access: Low Cost to Consumers: Moderate Public Access: High Cost to Consumers: Moderate D: Excess Supply Public Access: Moderate Cost to Consumers: Low Total benefits to EVSE Suppliers and Installers from Increased Public Access 5

6 Distribution of kwh by EVSE Type These high-level input assumptions are balanced against a variety of EVSE supply metrics Most charging is still done at home in both scenarios 6

7 Measuring the Benefits of Public Chargers and Improving Infrastructure Deployments Using Advanced Simula*on Tools Bacery Life*me Analysis and Simula*on Tool for Vehicles (BLAST- V)

8 BEV Range Limita:ons Bacery electric vehicles (BEVs) have the poten*al to decrease costs and improve environmental impacts of vehicle ownership. However, single- charge range limita*ons are likely to hamper adop*on rates. Solu:on = More public charging sta:ons? Increased public charging availability has poten*al psychological benefits, which can be difficult to quan*fy (see: range anxiety). NREL study focused on quan*fying benefits of public charging in terms of improved BEV range. 8

9 Bacery Life*me Analysis and Simula*on Tool for Vehicles Infrastructure Model 100 city- specific climate histories Tour rerou:ng & range es:ma:on algorithms inform travel decisions Advanced vehicle simula:on includes full drivetrain considera*on, cabin thermal model, HVAC system, and more. Bacery electrical and thermal models Real- world driver aggression profiles 317 real- world, year- long trip histories Hi- fi baqery wear model Accoun:ng: Economics, u*lity, fuel use, greenhouse gases, etc. 9

10 SeaQle Travel Data Puget Sound Regional Council (SeaQle) Travel Choices Study 18 months of GPS data collec*on from 445 vehicles NREL processed data down to 12 months from 317 vehicles for BLAST- V simula*on Majority of trips <20 mi Majority of days <75 mi 10

11 Public Charging Sta:on Loca:ons 281 exis:ng public charging sta:ons in SeaQle metro Per DOE Alterna*ve Fuels Data Center (Jan 2014) hcp://

12 Public Charging Sta:on Loca:ons 12 12

13 Simulated U:lity Results 13 13

14 Simulated U:lity Results 14 14

15 BLAST- V Conclusions Majority of personal travel can be accomplished with BEV75 and home- only charging 79% of miles on average in this study Especially true of rou*ne travel Improved access to public charging helps BEV u:lity, but it only goes so far 86% of miles on average with 1,000 public sta*ons 87% of miles on average with 2,000 public sta*ons Electrical throughput considera:ons 11.4% of all simulated electricity use sourced from public sta*ons Loca:ng public charging sta:ons in rural areas could be more beneficial to BEV travel than urban loca:ons Facilitate infrequent, long- distance travel 15 15

16 Clean Ci*es Na*onal Parks Ini*a*ve Objec:ve: Support visible projects that reduce petroleum consump*on, vehicle greenhouse gases, and other emissions. Goals: Educate park visitors, employees, and communi*es about the benefits of using cleaner, more efficient vehicles and alterna*ve fuels. Supports the NPS Call to Ac*on to help focus sustainability efforts and deepen community collabora*on. EVSE Installa:on Coordina*on capability to work across jurisdic*ons. Sharing informa*on, aligning planning ac*vi*es, improving decisions or joint decisions. Technical Bulle*n: Encourages and informs concessioner deployment of EVSE. 16

17 CCNPI Projects to Date 30 projects in 27 NPS units 19 Clean Ci*es Coali*ons Over 80 million annual visitors Leveraging Visitor educa*on and Awareness results in incremental displacement (while in the parks): o o 69,000 gallons of petroleum 700 metric tons of GHG emissions Long Term Impact becomes extraordinary if visitors are mo*vated to take ac*on when they return home. 17

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