Urban Mobility. Story how to build the urban mobility of Seoul. Kim, Sangbum Visiting Professor University of Seoul

Transcription

1 Urban Mobility Story how to build the urban mobility of Seoul Kim, Sangbum Visiting Professor University of Seoul

2 I. Introduction 1. Civilization has closely been related to mobility of human activities City has been a engine of economic prosperity and center of innovation in the history - About 96% of new product innovations occur in metropolitan areas and 45% of these new innovations occurs in four metropolitan areas : NY, LA, Boston and San Francisco and an essential ingredient for modernization - Correlation between urbanization rate of nation and GDP per capita is 0.85 (Henderson, 2002) - Large cities probably play a nursery role in developing country cities(overman and Venables, 2005) Why? City is a dense agglomeration of people and firms. All the benefit of cities come ultimately from reduced transport costs for goods, people and ideas. The cost of moving people and ideas appear to be as important as ever. (E. Glaeser, Are cities dying?)

3 Correlation between real GDP and Urbanization Source : Urbanization and the Wealth of Nations 2000, David E. Bloom

4 Urbanization itself does not bring the economic prosperity Key point is how to manage the city to maximize benefit from concentration urbanization and per-capita GDP in two continents Reference : David E. Bloom, PGDA Working Paper No. 30, 2000

5 2. Mobility in Cities Revolution in city mobility - first revolution introduced by the steam powered technology - second revolution enabled by the emergence of the automobile and highways - third revolution with digitalization started with emergence of computer-aided travelling Innovation in transportation led the first and second revolution of urban mobility ICT has played a critical role in third revolution of urban mobility Many futurists predicted that technology will diminish the necessity of cities but city still remains as important place for economic growth and creative work and also future of cities will depend on mobility and necessity of face to face contact - how to reduce the cost of movement not only for people and freight but for ideas - Smart City can be defined as the use of information and communication technology to sense, analyze and integrate the key information of systems in running cities

6 II. Modernization of Seoul : history that overcame barriers of mobility First period : Rapid expansion but insufficient mobility(1950s 1970s) Second period : Achieving mobility with infrastructures (1980s 1990s) Third period : Upgrading mobility through the ICT(2000s) Modernization started from a Heap of Ruins

7 1. First Stage : strived to improve mobility desperately, but insufficient In spite of destruction from Korean war, inflow of population into Seoul continued - Population was 1 million in 1942 and reached 5 million in 1970 Urgent task of city government was how to provide infrastructures to accommodate fast growing population - Most of open space was occupied with illegal and temporary shelters Many projects were planned but carried restrictively because of budget constraint - korean economy was in pre-take off stage Accomplishment : First Subway had built and operated - drafted subway plan in the 10 year Seoul Development Plan in April 1, 1971 : Groundbreaking ceremony of Line 1 / August 15, 1974 : began operation

8 Pictures in the 1960s

9 Major infrastructures 3.2 지하철건설체제의확립 A. start building subway system In 1965, city included subway project in the 10 year Seoul Development Plan April 1, 1971 : Groundbreaking ceremony of Line 1 August 15, 1974 : began operation(length : 7.8 km, 10 stations)

10 Covered Cheong-gye stream to build highway(construction Period : ) heong-gye stream is 13.7 km(with 20 85m) of small brook flowing from west east in downtown of Seoul o improve traffic flow between CBD and eastern area of Seoul

11 2. Second Stage : mobility is achieved through physical infrastructures Rapid economic growth caused urban problems even worse and severe - age of my own car made traffic worst condition Political transformation brought eruption of suppressed demands - demonstration and strike became a daily incidents and city government faced strikes of mass transit system in the spring every year City concentrated all the resource available on constructing infrastructures - It was the period that Seoul had the shape like today as a modernized city Accomplishment : infrastructures for transportation had been completed - build 130 km of express high ways - operated 300 km of subway network(500km if rail is included)

12 Social aspects of life in 1990s

13 Major infrastructures A. Completed major urban express high ways (130km) North bank highway : 28.4km(1986) / Olympic highway : 42.5km(1986) / Western highway : 8.3km(1991) Eastern highway : 29.6km(1994) / Inner Circle highway : 22km(1999)

14 B. Completed Subway system By 2001, Seoul city could run 300 km of subway system - city government put its most of financial resource into building high ways and subway system trillion won(17.1billion us dollar) was put on subway construction

15 C. Other Important Urban Infrastructure had been completed Water Supply Rates (1955~2010) Sewage Distribution Rates (1970~2010)

16 But paid big price for hasty construction In the process of city modernization, Seoul city and citizens paid heavy price for rapid development collapse of seong-su bridge ( ) - 32 dead / 17 injured collapse of department store( 95. 6) dead / thousands injured

17 3. Third Stage : paradigm shift in the way of providing mobility As city could provide affordable level of infrastructure by end of 1990s, citizens demand for public services began to change - People became to be sick of decades long constructions and showed change of their preference in the public services - Change of Priority and Philosophy in policies : Expansion Sustainability City government first introduced ICT into the transportation in provided drivers with information of traffic condition for tunnels connecting south and north of Seoul - developed and expanded as a name of ITS (Intelligent Transport System) Watershed moment for ITS : 2004 bus reform - renewed bus system and applied ICT to transportation in earnest

18 Major achievement A. Changed the Landfill area into Ecological Park and IT industry Park( )

19 B. Bus Reform( ) Bus operation : private private and public / manage bus operation with BMS Introduce the median bus lane(120km) and integrated fare system Increased bus ridership by 9.2% / reduced $ 140 million of congestion cost a year

20 III. Intelligent Transportation System of Seoul

21 1. Figures of city growth 1970 Population 5,433 thousand ,356 difference 2 times 2001, subway Line 8 completed Seoul Transport Reform Vehicles GNI / p Houses 60 thousand $ thousand 2,981 $ 25,630 3, times 100 times 6 times 1990, 10.6M 1 Mil. vehicle 1995, 2 Mil. vehicle 1980, 8.4 Million 1988, 10 Million 88 Seoul Olympic First subway line Population 1942, 1 Million 1970, 5 Million First tram : 8km, 9 vehicle First railway : 21.8Km Became the capital of Chosun dynasty Population : 30,000 First 2 cars imported Outbreak of Korean War Five-year economic development plan started

22 2. Challenges that can not overcome with infrastructures only A. Sprawl of urban area Population: 25.6 million(about 50% of total population) Number of registered vehicles: 7.8 million (45% of the whole country) Area: 11,791 km 2 (5.3% of the whole country) % +85.1% Seoul Metropolitan Region Commuting Volume (Unit : Million trips / day) Seoul Metropolitan Region Avg. Commuting Distance (Unit : km) Distribution of the number of daily car trips within the Seoul Metropolis Area (SMA)

23 B. Losing Mobility : Speed and Road Capacity traffic congestion cost Speed in CBD Overall speed Bus speed ,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 - 열 1 열 2 열 3 열 4 열 5 열 6 열 7 열 8 열 9 열 10 열 11 열 12 열 13 열 14 열 15 열 16 열 17 열 18 열 19 열 20 열 21 열 22 열 23 열 24 열 25 열 26 열 27 열 28 열 29 열 30 열 31 계열 1 서울자동차수경기도로연장 (km) No. of Vehicle (SMA) No. of Vehicle (Seoul) 2,907.9% 1,341.8% 22.6% Total length of Roads (Seoul) 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 -

24 C. Increasing externalities : congestion Seoul City : 7.6 billion dollar Capital Region : 17.4 billion dollar (year of 2012) (unit : 100million dollar) Source : KOTI

25 3. Target : With ITS(transportation + ICT), shorten distance and reduce cost Transport System of Infrastructure and ICT Smarter Road, Convenient public transportation, Scientific and automatic transportation system, that release traffic congestion and increase convenience

26 4. Development of ITS : A. ITS 1.0 : First ITS introduced in The first step for Seoul ITS Leading the Public Transport Reform Introduction and expansion of ITS In 1998, applied to Nam-San area(10.6km) expanded traffic management system to urban highways Open Traffic Information Center (TOPIS) Developed Smart Card System(Tmoney) and BMS system Opened TOPIS in 2004

27 B. ITS 2.0 started around ~ ~ 2013~ Developed the technology for highquality of mass transit service Share the information and experience Real-time Bus Information System Developed new service system Upgrade Bus Information Service Provide real-time bus arrival information (ARS, Website, and etc.) Card payment system for taxi fare Share our experiences with other cities Azerbaijan (Baku City), Columbia(Bogota), etc.

28 5. Major Functions of TOPIS A Information Collection System City Roads Speed, Traffic volume, weather condition, accident and etc. 1,298km Taxi GPS (19,500 vehicles) Urban expressway 1,137 detectors (250~500m interval)

29 B Advanced Traffic Management System Web, Mobile Lane Control System (LCS) topis.seoul.go.kr m.topis.seoul.go.kr Seoul Traffic Portal Web(APP) 33 Systems Variable Message Signs (VMS) Ramp Metering System (RMS) 308 signs Broadcasting & SNS 31 Locations IPTV/DMB twitter.com/seoultopis

30 C Bus Management System ARS For Public Mobile BIT Internet Route and operation Info Bus Arrival Time Seoul BMS -Real-time Bus Operation Information -Route and Transfer Info Real-time Bus location Info Interval and operation Info -Real-time Bus Operation Info -Bus Operation DB Bus Company Bus Location Allocating Bus Notice Bus Interval Info Bus Operation Info

31 D Supply of accurate information Bus stop Bus arrival Last bus 1. Real-time bus information Service (Accuracy 95%, Satisfaction 96%) information information Subway arrival information Bus Arrival, departure time 793 BIT (Bus Information Terminal) à Adding nearly 3,800 BIT (67% of all bus stops) Smartphone 2. Provide integrated information of Bus and Subway

32 6. Smart Card System A. one card all pass Card usage rate : bus 98.9% / subway 100% / taxi 63.5% 14 million transaction a day(amount : 15.7million us dollar) Be able to use card across the nation

33 B. Integrated Fare System Free transit within 30 minutes(maximum 5 times) <Fare Structure> Subway (single ride) : Basic Fare W1,050 for 10 Km Distance-based Fare W100 for 5Km and for 10Km beyond w Bus (single ride) : Flat Fare W1,050(Trunk) / W 2,000 (Inter regional bus) ü Expansion of the fare system in Metropolitan area July 2004 July 2007 September 2008 October 2008 Seoul urban bus Seoul metropolitan subway Seoul urban bus Seoul metropolitan subway Gyeonggi bus Seoul urban bus Seoul metropolitan subway Gyeonggi bus Red bus Seoul urban bus Seoul metropolitan subway Gyeonggi bus Red bus Incheon bus

34 7. Establishing Seoul ITS 3.0 Traffic Disaster Enhancing Efficiency of Public Service by integrating the various Functions Public Private Establishing partnership with Private Sector Big data Transportation Preparing the future demand

35 A. Integrated Situation Room as a Hub of ITS Open : Feb Function : from traffic control to urban management Public Transportation Road Traffic Traffic + Disasters CCTV(817) Disasters Traffic Signal * Traffic Signals will be integrated in future phases

36 B. From ex post control to ex ante prevention Real time based speed monitoring detect symptom Searching and Identification Response Speed change monitoring, Anomaly detection Auto detection of nearby CCTVs Event Response Now CCTV Image Response

37 C. Preparing Traffic Forecast Service Using data collected over 10 years, broadcasts expected traffic condition of streets Testing highways programs from 2014 Statistical Analysis Traffic Prediction Use Big Data for Traffic speed, weather, events

38 D. Strengthen the Sharing Car Share Public Bike Service : 912 station(1,922 cars) Minimum use time : 30 minutes 378 bikes in 44 stations Increases to 2,000 by Sep And 20,000 until 2020

39 IV. Mobility achieved 1. Mobility by Infrastructure : reduce distance and contributed to growth first tram(1899) : take 1 hour 20 min. to travel 8 km first subway(1974) : take 19 min. to travel 8km 40years ago, it took half day in crossing Han river Now, 50 km from Seoul became commutable area Mobility has been a main sources that supported korean economic development

40 2. Mobility by ICT : Improved Speed, Convenience and Seoul s Competitiveness speed is improved use mass transit more global competiveness 6 th , 승용차속도 버스속도 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4, 마을버스 시내버스 지하철 5.0 2, 년05 년07 년09 년11 년13 년 0 08 년 10 년 12 년 14 년

41 Seoul needs to try harder Urban Mobility ranking : 19 th among 66 cities / Global competitiveness : 6 th among 40 cities Seoul 71.5 Source : The future of urban mobility, Arthur D. Little

42 V. Conclusion : Challenge and Response Every city faces various challenges not only from inside but also from outside For Seoul, it has challenges from internal factors : aging population and decreasing population external factors : climate change and globalization Many experts predict that many cities suffer from shrinking unless overcome the impacts of globalization and revolution of technology But we learned a lesson from our experiences - Among cities, there are similarity in failure but differences in success - But success has always been supported by mobility

43 City has been a engine of prosperity and will continue to work depending on your response against challenges This is reason why we are here together Thank You