Alternative Fuels in Aviation Embraer View Workshop on Aviation Alternative Fuels
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1 Alternative Fuels in Aviation Embraer View Workshop on Aviation Alternative Fuels ICAO Montréal, Canada February 11 th, 2009 Alexandre Tonelli Filogonio EMBRAER 1
2 Topics Today s Aviation Fuel Motivation for Alternative Fuels Embraer Alternative Fuels Project Brazilian Biofuels - Background The Ethanol Ipanema Aircraft Final Comments 2
3 Commercial Aircraft Fleet Profile Regular Flights, Passenger Configuration, in Service : aircraft Age (years) Idade (anos) > a a 20 0 a Número de Aeronaves Quantity of Aircraft Region # Acft. Avera -ge Age North America Latin America Europe Russia & CIS Africa Middle East Asia - Pacific China World Source: BACK (Dez/07) 3
4 Aviation Fuel (Jet Fuel) Aviation have been powered by petroleum fuels for more than 60 years; Meet International Standards (Joint Operated System, ASTM 1655, DEF Stan 91-91, ANP 03/2006- QAV1) requirements; Meet distribution chain requirements. New fuels shall comply with Guidline for Qualification and Approval of New Turbine Fuels Drop-in fuel 4
5 Alternative Fuels in Aviation: Drivers Oil Price 200 Price (USD/barrel) jan-2003 mai-2003 set-2003 jan-2004 mai-2004 ago-2004 dez-2004 abr-2005 ago-2005 dez-2005 abr-2006 ago-2006 dez-2006 abr-2007 ago-2007 dez-2007 abr-2008 ago-2008 dez-2008 Global Warming Emissions Jet Fuel Oil Aero Efficiency Energy Efficiency Aviation Alternative Fuels Synthetic Fuels Fischer-Tropisch Biofuels Ethanol Biokerosene Oil Crisis - Availability Structural Efficiency Operational Efficiency Hydrogen Methane Cryogenic 5
6 Embraer Alternative Fuels Project Technical Investigation of Sustainable Aviation Biofuels Authorities Engine OEMs Fuel systems components OEMs Biofuels Fuel companies Acts as a process integrator EMBRAER 6
7 Benefits of Biofuels Economical Viability Biojet fuels will become as economically viable as crude oil prices rise. Reduce dependence on crude oil Homeland security implications. Burns cleaner Sulfur-free and reduced emissions. Social Concerns Use of raw-material from low-income Brazilian farmers; Employment of a Integrated Bioernergy System. 7
8 Biofuel - Concerns Technical / Quality: Product Scale x Sustainability; Different performance & life-cycle emissions; Lack of technical data, operational experience and standards. 8
9 Brazilian Biofuels - Background 1975 PROÁLCOOL implementation 1980 PROSENE (biokerosene) - First patent for biodiesel and biokerosene production; 1984 A successful flight using the biokerosene in an Embraer turboprop. 9
10 Bandeirante Flight with Biokerosene Demo flight on October 23rd, 1984 (São José dos Campos to Brasília 1100km). One engine was fed with biokerosene. 10
11 Ethanol in Brazil In 1979 the first car was sold fueled by ethanol; In the 80, Brazil replaced the lead in the automotive gasoline by ethanol; In the 90 government decision to add a higher proportion of ethanol in the gasoline; 2003 First flexible fuel vehicle was lauched; Nowadays: Almost 90% of the cars sold in Brazil are flexible; Refueling pumps only have gasoline (or E25) and E100. Brazil s flex fuel program 11
12 Embraer Ipanema Ethanol First OEM to develop a 100% ethanol powered aircraft 12
13 Ethanol & Aviation - Embraer s Ipanema 1972: Ipanema Type Certification 1985: Embraer started a market study - without go ahead 00 : New study, with the following drivers: Excellent ethanol availability due to the car industry; Avgas distribution in country side: availability, high prices; 2002: Program launch 2004: Certification; 1,069 Ipanema airplanes sold: 64 new aircrafts 177 retrofits Total Ethanol Powered Aircraftl:
14 Main Modifications Engine and Airframe Cold Start System; New Injection System; New Materials; Cold Start System Anti-corrosion protective coats / materials. Endurance and Vibration Tests 14
15 Uses for the Ipanema Ipanema has been used in: Agricultural operations: application of fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides; Fire fighting; Combat of endemic disease vectors; Cloud nucleation. 1 st Crop Season: 2005/ ethanol fueled aircraft (127 retrofits); More than 60,000 flight hours with ethanol; More than 6,0 mi liters of ethanol used; More than 4,0 mi liters of Avgas replaced. 15
16 Efficiency in Costs per Season 12 AvGas Costs Costs in Million of US$ Ethanol Cost 2 0 Ethanol aircraft fleet 2005/ / / / (Forecast: 2008/2009)
17 Environmental Advantages over the use of AvGas Liters [milions] Pb (Tetra-ethyl Lead) not emitted in the atmosphere 6,2 5,4 4,9 4,0 2 Tetra-ethyl lead [ton] / / / /2009-3,4-4,2-4,6-5,3 Avgas replaced by ethanol Pb not emmited 17
18 Ipanema National and International Awards Scientific American Award as the Top innovations Flight International Aerospace Industry Award in the General Aviation Category. 18
19 Ethanol Challenges to Spread Presently used in general aviation; May find limited application for jet; Lack of worldwide supply and distribution structure; Presents challenges and limitations. 19
20 Final Comments Industry integration will foster technology deployment; Life Cycle Analysis will drive industry choice; Regional solution must worldwide requirements; Ethanol is a good solution for aviation niche. 20
21 Thank you Thank you! 21
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