Rubber Compounds HANSER. How to Improve. John S. Dick Experimental Ideas for Problem Solving. Table of Contents

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1 John S. Dick How to Improve Rubber Compounds 1800 Experimental Ideas for Problem Solving Table of Contents For further informa on or to order, visit ons.com Book ISBN HANSER Hanser Publishers, Munich Hanser Publica ons, Cincinna

2 Contents Disclaimer...V Preface... VII 1 Introduction Complexity of Compound Ingredient Selection Industrial Complexity Complexity of Ingredient Property Relationships Experimental Ideas Sources of Ideas Review Panel Improving the Physical Properties of Cured Rubber Compounds Increasing Tensile Strength Increasing High-Temperature Tensile Strength Increasing Ultimate Tensile Elongation Increasing Hardness and Modulus Reducing Set, Under Compression and/or Tension Increasing Rebound and Decreasing Hysteresis Increasing Tear Resistance Increasing Hot Tear Resistance Improving Low-Temperature Properties Increasing Electrical Conductivity Increasing Thermal Conductivity Decreasing Coefficient of Friction Decreasing Air Permeability Increasing Rubber-to-Metal Adhesion Improving Rubber-to-Fabric Adhesion Improving Flame Retardance Reducing Compound Cost

3 X Contents 3 Improving Degradation Resistance of Cured Rubber Compounds Improving Hot Air and/or Heat Aging Resistance Improving Ozone Resistance Improving Flex Fatigue Resistance and/or Cutting and Chipping Resistance Improving Abrasion and/or Wear Resistance Improving Oil and/or Solvent Resistance Improving Staining and Discoloration Resistance Improving Weathering Resistance Improving Hydrolysis Resistance Optimizing Measurable Processability Properties Reducing Viscosity Increasing Shear Thinning Reducing Elasticity (Nerve) Increasing Tack Reducing Stickiness to Metal Surfaces Increasing Percent Dispersion of Carbon Black and Fillers Increasing Green Strength Increasing Scorch Safety Time Increasing Cure Rate Reducing Reversion Reducing Marching Modulus Reducing Cold Flow Minimizing Adverse Processing Attributes Reducing or Eliminating Porosity, Bubbles, or Voids in Both the Uncured and the Cured State Mixing: Reducing Filler or Black Incorporation Times (BITs) Mixing: Decrease Total Mixing Time Mixing: Reducing or Eliminating Lumps in Dumped Batches Mixing: Reducing Bagging on the Mill Mixing: Reducing Back Rolling on the Mill Extrusion: Reducing Die Swell (Improving Dimensional Stability) Extrusion: Improving Smoothness of the Extrudate Surface Extrusion: Increasing Extrusion Rate Without Loss of Quality Calendering: Eliminating Blisters Calendering: Improving Calender Release Raw Material and Mixed Stock Bin Storage: Lengthening Useful Shelf Life Mixed Stock Bin Storage: Reducing Bloom

4 Contents XI 5.14 Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Improving Mold Release Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Reducing or Eliminating Mold Fouling Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Improving Mold Flow Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Reducing Shrinkage of Part Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Improving Surface Appearance Increasing the Blow Rate During the Curing of a Sponge Compound Eliminating Trapped Air During Molding Reducing Backrinding Tire Performance Properties Improving Tire Wet Traction Improving Tire Dry Traction Improving Tire Winter Traction or Ice Traction Improving Tire Rolling Resistance Appendix 1: Blends A.1 Introduction A.1.1 SBR/NR Blends A.1.2 SBR/IR Blends A.1.3 SBR/BR Blends A.1.4 NR/BR Blend A.1.5 NR/IR Blends A.1.6 NR/CIIR Blends A.1.7 NR/BIIR Blends A.1.8 NR/BIMS Blends A.1.9 NR/IIR Blends A.1.10 CR/IIR Blends A.1.11 NBR/SBR Blends A.1.12 NBR/PVC Blends A.1.13 XNBR/PVC Blend A.1.14 NBR/IR Blends A.1.15 NBR/BR Blends A.1.16 NBR/NR Blends A.1.17 EPDM/SBR Blends A.1.18 EPDM/CR Blends A.1.19 EPDM/IR Blends A.1.20 EPDM/NR Blends

5 XII Contents A.1.21 EPDM/CSM Blends A.1.22 EPDM/Silicone Compatibilized A.1.23 EPDM/LDPE Blend A.1.24 EPDM/EVA Blend A.1.25 CR/SBR Blends A.1.26 CR/BR Blends A.1.27 CSM/BR Blends A.1.28 CR/Hydrin Blends A.1.29 NBR/FA Polysulfide Rubber A.1.30 Triblends A NR/SBR/BR Blends A BR/SBR/IR Blends A NR/IR/SBR Blends A NR/EPDM/BIIR Blends A NR/EPDM/CIIR Blends A NR/CR/CSM Blends A NBR/PVC/SBR Blends A XNBR/PVC/NBR Blends A XNBR/PVC/BR Blends A XNBR/NBR/BR Blends A NBR/SBR/BR Blends A NBR/BR/NR Blends A NR/EPDM/SBR Blends A EPDM/SBR/CR Blends A.1.31 Four-Way Blends A NR/EPDM/SBR/CIIR Blends Appendix 2: Cure Systems A.2 Introduction A.2.1 General Purpose Elastomer Cure Packages A.2.2 EPDM Cure Packages A.2.3 NBR Cure Packages A.2.4 Polychloroprene Cure Packages A General Purpose Thiourea Cure Systems for Carbon Black Loaded CR Compounds A Special Purpose Thiourea Cure Systems for Carbon Black Loaded CR Compounds A General Purpose Non-thiourea Cure Systems for Carbon Black Loaded CR Compounds A Special Purpose Non-thiourea Cure Systems for Carbon Black Loaded CR Compounds

6 Contents XIII A.2.5 Chlorobutyl Rubber Cure Packages A.2.6 Butyl Rubber Cure Packages Review Panel Members Biographies Author s Biography Subject Index

Rubber Compounds. How to Improve HANSER. John S. Dick Experimental Ideas for Problem Solving. 2nd Edition. Hanser Publishers, Munich

Rubber Compounds. How to Improve HANSER. John S. Dick Experimental Ideas for Problem Solving. 2nd Edition. Hanser Publishers, Munich John S. Dick How to Improve Rubber Compounds 1800 Experimental Ideas for Problem Solving 2nd Edition HANSER Hanser Publishers, Munich Hanser Publications, Cincinnati Contents Disclaimer Preface 1 Introduction