Technology. Robert Keller TECHNISCHE INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK HANNOVER

Transcription

1 Practical Guide to Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Technology Robert Keller TECHNISCHE INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK HANNOVER c% SMITHERS \))J R A P R A A Smithers Group Company Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY4 4NR, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0)

2 ontents 1 Overview of the Chemistry and Manufacture of Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Polymers Introduction The Starting Polymer: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Hydrogenation of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber to Produce the Hydrogenated Polymer Summary 12 2 Types of Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber Polymers Available Introduction Summary of Grades Available HNBR Grades and Technology Summary 20 3 The Flow and Processing Behaviour of Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber Introduction The Basics of Viscoelastic Flow in Rubber Viscosity Elasticity Effect of Process Variables Effect of Temperature on Viscosity Heat Build-up During Flow 27 Hi

3 Practical Guide to Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Technology 3.4 Effect of Compounding Variables on Viscosity, Elasticity and Flow Effect of Polymer Molecular Weight Effect of Fillers Effect of Plasticisers Effect of Process Aids 36 and Runners: Mould and 3.5 Flow through Sprues Machine Parameters Influencing Elastomer Flow 37 Nitrile Rubber and 4 Properties of Hydrogenated Comparison with Other Elastomers Introduction 43 Nitrile Rubbers 4.2 Relationship between Hydrogenated and Other Speciality Elastomers Specific Comparison of HNBR and NBR Comparison of HNBR with HNB and Other Speciality Elastomers 49 5 Typical Applications of Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber A Brief Recap Abrasion-resistant Belts and Conveyor Components Flexible Boots for Power Transmission Joints Static Seals for Power Transmission Fluids Dynamic Fluid Seals for Power Transmission Hydraulic Fluid and Lubricant Hoses Seals for High-volume Air Conditioning Seals used in Petroleum Exploration and Drilling Other applications 60 6 Formulating Guidelines for Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber Introduction 63 iv

4 Contents 6.2 Vulcanisation Systems Carbon Black Fillers Non-black Fillers Plasticisers Antioxidants and Antiozonants Other Ingredients Blends with Ethylene-Propylene Diene Rubber Examples Black HNBR Compound for a Reciprocating Lip Seal on a Power Steering Rack End Light Brown HNBR Compound for a Hydraulic System O-ring 80 7 Examples of Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber Formulae for Specific Applications Introduction Statistical Experimental Design and Desirability Functions Theoretical Example: High-temperature HNBR Joint Boot Compound Example: High-temperature Oil Cooler O-ring Seal Compound Example: Oil Field High-pressure Well Packer Compound Example: High-temperature Long-life Automotive Serpentine Belt Compound Example: Orange Water Pump Mechanical Seal Protective Bellows Compound Example: High-temperature Differential Shaft Seal Compound Example: Short Steering System Hose 102 v

5 Practical Guide to Hydrogenated Nitrite Butadiene Rubber Technology 7.10 Compound Example: Chemically Resistant, Low Hysteresis Roller for Paper Mills Concluding Comments Solving Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber Processing Issues Introduction Example 1: Poor Flow, Knit Lines and Non-fills in Injection Moulding Possible Factor: Temperature of the Unvulcanised Rubber During Injection Possible Factor: Excessive Shear During Injection Possible Factor: Sprue and Runner Design Ill Solving the Injection Flow Problem using the Above Factors Example 2: Sporadic Dimensional Shift in Injection Moulded Parts Possible Factor: Mould Temperature Possible Factor: Injection Pressures and Holding Pressures and Times Solving the Injection Moulding Dimensional Problem using the Above Factors Example 3: Variation in Hose Tube Thickness during Extrusion Example 4: Variation in Dimensions of High-volume Compression Moulded O-ring Conclusions 122 Abbreviations 123 Index 127