Internal Combustion Engines

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Internal Combustion Engines"

Transcription

1 Thermochemistry & Fuels Lecture 4 1

2 Outline In this lecture we will discuss the properties and characteristics of diesel fuels: Cetane number and index Viscosity and cold behaviour Flash point Sulphur We will also briefly introduce a number of fuel additives and alternative fuels. 2

3 Diesel Fuel Diesel fuels are mixtures of a wide range of hydrocarbons with boiling points in the range of 150 to 380 C. Diesel fuels are usually divided into two categories: heavy diesel and light diesel. Light diesels have a M.W. in the range of 170, an equivalent chemical formula of C 12.3 H 22.2 and are used for automotive applications. Heavy diesels have a M.W. in the range of 200, an equivalent chemical formula of C 14.6 H 24.8 and are used for heating purposes. 3

4 Cetane Number The cetane number represents the readiness of the fuel to self-ignite when injected into the combustion chamber. Since C.I. engines are based on the principle of self-ignition, the cetane number of the diesel fuel is its most important characteristic. The higher the cetane number, the shorter is the ignition delay and the easier it is for the fuel to ignite. 4

5 Cetane Number As in the octane number for gasoline fuels, the cetane number is measured experimentally through a standard test procedure on a standard engine. During the test, ignition delay of the tested fuel is measured and is compared with that of two reference fuels: n-cetane (n-hexadecane) C 16 H 34, which is assigned a cetane number of 100. Heptamethyl nonane C 12 H 34, which is assigned a cetane number of 15. 5

6 Cetane Number Alkanes in general have high cetane numbers, while the opposite is true for the cyclic and aromatic compounds. One can notice a strong inverse relationship between the cetane number of a fuel and its octane number. 6

7 Cetane Number Accordingly, the cetane number of a fuel is determined depending on the percentages of the two standard hydrocarbons in the mixture that resembles its ID, according to the following equation: CN = % cetane (% HMN) The European standard EN 590 (2000) for diesel fuels determines the minimum cetane number at 51. 7

8 Cetane Index The Cetane Index is a calculated value that was introduced to empirically estimate the cetane number of a fuel from its density and boiling curve. The cetane index is usually slightly lower than the cetane number. The European standard EN 590 (2000) for diesel fuels determines the minimum cetane index at 46. 8

9 Viscosity The viscosity of the diesel fuel is usually regulated by standards since it is important for the operation of fuel injection equipment. If the viscosity is too high, this could reduce the flow of the fuel and can lead to injector-pump damage. On the other hand, if it is too low, this can significantly increase the leakage from pumping elements. The range set by EN 590 for the viscosity of diesel fuel is mm 2 /s. 9

10 Cold Behaviour During cold weather, crystallisation of heavy alkanes contained in the diesel fuel can occur. This can lead in turn to fuel-filter blockage, and ultimately to the interruption of the fuel flow. A Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is often defined by fuel standards in the range of 0 to - 20 C 10

11 Flash Point The flash point is the temperature at which a combustible liquid gives off just enough vapour to produce a vapour/air mixture that will ignite in the existence of a flame. Typical flash points for diesel fuels are in the range of 55 C. This makes diesel fuels generally easy and safe to handle and store. The flash point has no effect on the engine performance or the cetane number. 11

12 Sulphur Diesel fuels contain chemically bonded sulphur with quantities depending on the quality of the crude oil and the cracked components that are added at the refinery. Sulphur can be reduced with hydrogen treatment. Sulphur leads to the production of SO x and sulphates which are environmental and health hazards and impair the operation of catalytic converters. 12

13 Sulphur As a result, the sulphur content in the fuel is usually limited by law. EN 590 currently limits the sulphur content to 350 ppm. This will be reduced to 50 ppm by 2005 and to 10 ppm by

14 Fuel Additives Along with the structure of hydrocarbons, automotive fuels contain many additives to improve the quality of the fuel in different ways: Octane or cetane enhancers Flow improvers (for winter fuel) Anti-ageing agents Intake system anti-contamination detergents Anti-corrosion agents 14

15 Alternative Fuels In addition to gasoline and diesel fuels, a number of other fuels are being introduced, researched and tested. Despite the possible advantages of introducing such fuels, their application still faces practical obstacles and so it is limited to controlled sectors. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Alcohols, hydrogen and biofuel are just examples of alternative fuels. 15

Module8:Engine Fuels and Their Effects on Emissions Lecture 36:Hydrocarbon Fuels and Quality Requirements FUELS AND EFFECTS ON ENGINE EMISSIONS

Module8:Engine Fuels and Their Effects on Emissions Lecture 36:Hydrocarbon Fuels and Quality Requirements FUELS AND EFFECTS ON ENGINE EMISSIONS FUELS AND EFFECTS ON ENGINE EMISSIONS The Lecture Contains: Transport Fuels and Quality Requirements Fuel Hydrocarbons and Other Components Paraffins Cycloparaffins Olefins Aromatics Alcohols and Ethers

More information

Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining Refinery Products. Lecturers: assistant teachers Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Belinskaya Natalia Sergeevna

Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining Refinery Products. Lecturers: assistant teachers Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Belinskaya Natalia Sergeevna Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining Refinery Products Lecturers: assistant teachers Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Belinskaya Natalia Sergeevna 1 Refinery Products Composition There are specifications for over

More information

Oil & Gas. From exploration to distribution. Week 3 V19 Refining Processes (Part 1) Jean-Luc Monsavoir. W3V19 - Refining Processes1 p.

Oil & Gas. From exploration to distribution. Week 3 V19 Refining Processes (Part 1) Jean-Luc Monsavoir. W3V19 - Refining Processes1 p. Oil & Gas From exploration to distribution Week 3 V19 Refining Processes (Part 1) Jean-Luc Monsavoir W3V19 - Refining Processes1 p. 1 Crude Oil Origins and Composition The objective of refining, petrochemical

More information

Internal Combustion Engines

Internal Combustion Engines Friction & Lubrication Lecture 1 1 Outline In this lecture we will discuss the following: Engine friction losses. Piston arrangement losses. Measurement of friction losses. Engine lubrication systems.

More information

PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.6 ALKANES (includes some questions from 1.5 Introduction to Organic Chemistry)

PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.6 ALKANES (includes some questions from 1.5 Introduction to Organic Chemistry) PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.6 ALKANES (includes some questions from 1.5 Introduction to Organic Chemistry) 1. (a) Name the process used to separate petroleum into fractions....... Give the molecular

More information

Smoke Point Significance and Use

Smoke Point Significance and Use Smoke Point The maximum height, in millimetres, of a smokeless flame of fuel burned in a wick-fed lamp of specified design. The sample is burned in an enclosed wick-fed lamp that is calibrated against

More information

ANNEX 2, REFERENCE FUELS

ANNEX 2, REFERENCE FUELS ANNEX 2, REFERENCE FUELS A.2.1. A.2.1.1. EUROPE, INDIA, SOUTH AFRICA Petrol (E5) Parameter Unit Limits (1) Test method Research octane number, RON 95.0 EN 25164 pren ISO 5164 Motor octane number, MON 85.0

More information

FUELS. Product Specifications

FUELS. Product Specifications FUELS Product Specifications This Lesson Is Designed: To provide you with an understanding of specifications and terms used in the marketing of fuels. To show you how to use the information contained in

More information

Types of Oil and their Properties

Types of Oil and their Properties CHAPTER 3 Types of Oil and their Properties Oil is a general term that describes a wide variety of natural substances of plant, animal, or mineral origin, as well as a range of synthetic compounds. The

More information

ANNEX 3 REFERENCE FUELS. Parameter Unit Limits (1) Test method Minimum Maximum Research octane number, RON

ANNEX 3 REFERENCE FUELS. Parameter Unit Limits (1) Test method Minimum Maximum Research octane number, RON WLTP-2012-018 Annex 3 Draft Reference fuels 03.06.2012 ANNEX 3 REFERENCE FUELS The reference fuel specifications listed in this annex are those that are to be used for the WLTP Validation 2 exercise and

More information

1-3 Alkanes structures and Properties :

1-3 Alkanes structures and Properties : 1-3 Alkanes structures and Properties : The simplest family of organic molecules is the (Alkanes). Alkanes are relatively unreactive and not often involved in chemical reactions, but they nevertheless

More information

AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY KE Introduction to biorefineries and biofuels

AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY KE Introduction to biorefineries and biofuels AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY KE-40.4120 Introduction to biorefineries and biofuels Assignment 11: Comparison of biofuels vs. fossil fuels Aino Siirala 309141 Assignment submitted 8.12.2013

More information

Emission Reduction Technologies towards zero emissions

Emission Reduction Technologies towards zero emissions Emission Reduction Technologies towards zero emissions 12.10.2018 Heikki Korpi, Chief expert, Environmental expertise Marine Solutions, R&D and Engineering THIS IS WÄRTSILÄ Our business areas SERVICES

More information

E/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.119/Amend.1 E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.119/Amend.1

E/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.119/Amend.1 E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.119/Amend.1 23 May 2012 Agreement Concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for

More information

3.2 The alkanes. Isomerism: Alkanes with 4 or more carbons show a type of structural isomerism called chain isomerism

3.2 The alkanes. Isomerism: Alkanes with 4 or more carbons show a type of structural isomerism called chain isomerism 3.2 The alkanes Prior knowledge: Types of formula general, empirical, molecular, structural, displayed and skeletal. Nomenclature Structural isomers chain and position isomers Free radicals Aliphatic Alkanes

More information

Hydrocarbons 1 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016

Hydrocarbons 1 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Hydrocarbons 1 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Hydrocarbons 2 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What are hydrocarbons? 3 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Some compounds only contain the elements carbon and hydrogen. They are

More information

Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005

Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-17640-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Period of validity: 18.12.2017 to 04.11.2018 Holder of certificate: Haltermann

More information

Fischer-Tropsch Refining

Fischer-Tropsch Refining Fischer-Tropsch Refining by Arno de Klerk A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor (Chemical Engineering) in the Department of Chemical Engineering

More information

This presentation focuses on Biodiesel, scientifically called FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester); a fuel different in either perspective.

This presentation focuses on Biodiesel, scientifically called FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester); a fuel different in either perspective. Today, we know a huge variety of so-called alternative fuels which are usually regarded as biofuels, even though this is not always true. Alternative fuels can replace fossil fuels in existing combustion

More information

Refinery Maze Student Guide

Refinery Maze Student Guide Refinery Maze Student Guide Petroleum Refining Student Text Distillation In its crude form, petroleum is of little use to us. To make it into products we know and use, petroleum must be refined or separated

More information

Cleaner liquid fuels and improved vehicular technologies

Cleaner liquid fuels and improved vehicular technologies Cleaner liquid fuels and improved vehicular technologies Dr. Arun Jaura VP Technology & Head of EIEC 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 1 1 Cleaner Liquid Fuels The growing demand for clean fuels

More information

Chapter 4 ANALYTICAL WORK: COMBUSTION MODELING

Chapter 4 ANALYTICAL WORK: COMBUSTION MODELING a 4.3.4 Effect of various parameters on combustion in IC engines: Compression ratio: A higher compression ratio increases the pressure and temperature of the working mixture which reduce the initial preparation

More information

Impact on emissions from heavy-duty engines

Impact on emissions from heavy-duty engines 14 POLICY GUIDELINES FOR REDUCING VEHICLE EMISSIONS IN ASIA Diesel fuel Reducing PM emissions from diesel vehicle tends to be of highest priority because PM emissions in general are very hazardous and

More information

Lecture 3: Petroleum Refining Overview

Lecture 3: Petroleum Refining Overview Lecture 3: Petroleum Refining Overview In this lecture, we present a brief overview of the petroleum refining, a prominent process technology in process engineering. 3.1 Crude oil Crude oil is a multicomponent

More information

Fraction Distillation of Crude Oil

Fraction Distillation of Crude Oil Fraction Distillation of Crude Oil Question Paper 2 Level A Level Subject Chemistry Exam Board AQA Module 3.3 Organic Chemistry Topic 3.3.2 Alkanes Sub-Topic 3.3.2.1 Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

More information

is the crank angle between the initial spark and the time when about 10% of the charge is burned. θ θ

is the crank angle between the initial spark and the time when about 10% of the charge is burned. θ θ ME 410 Day 30 Phases of Combustion 1. Ignition 2. Early flame development θd θ 3. Flame propagation b 4. Flame termination The flame development angle θd is the crank angle between the initial spark and

More information

4. With a neat sketch explain in detail about the different types of fuel injection system used in SI engines. (May 2016)

4. With a neat sketch explain in detail about the different types of fuel injection system used in SI engines. (May 2016) SYED AMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Approved by the AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Tamilnadu and Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai) Established in 1998 - An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Institution Dr. E.M.Abdullah

More information

Schedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK

Schedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK Schedule of ccreditation United Kingdom ccreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK Issue No: 031 Issue date: 21 ugust 2018 ccredited to Unit 7 Prince William Drive

More information

Prediction of Physical Properties and Cetane Number of Diesel Fuels and the Effect of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on These Entities

Prediction of Physical Properties and Cetane Number of Diesel Fuels and the Effect of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on These Entities [Regular Paper] Prediction of Physical Properties and Cetane Number of Diesel Fuels and the Effect of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on These Entities (Received March 13, 1995) The gross heat of combustion and

More information

Internal Combustion Engines

Internal Combustion Engines Emissions & Air Pollution Lecture 3 1 Outline In this lecture we will discuss emission control strategies: Fuel modifications Engine technology Exhaust gas aftertreatment We will become particularly familiar

More information

White Paper.

White Paper. The Advantage of Real Atmospheric Distillation Complying with the ASTM D7345 Test Method in the Distillation Process Introduction / Background In the past, refiners enjoyed a constant supply of the same

More information

Unit 7 Part 2 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Crude Oil: Sources and Uses of Alkanes UNIT 7 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Unit 7 Part 2 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Crude Oil: Sources and Uses of Alkanes UNIT 7 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Unit 7 Part 2 Introduction to Organic hemistry rude Oil: Sources and Uses of Alkanes UNIT 7 INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY PART 2 RUDE OIL: SOURES AND USES OF ALKANES ontents 1. rude Oil 2. ombustion of

More information

PETE 203: Properties of oil

PETE 203: Properties of oil PETE 203: Properties of oil Prepared by: Mr. Brosk Frya Ali Koya University, Faculty of Engineering, Petroleum Engineering Department 2013 2014 Lecture no. (3): Classification of Crude oil 6. Classification

More information

Distillation process of Crude oil

Distillation process of Crude oil Distillation process of Crude oil Abdullah Al Ashraf; Abdullah Al Aftab 2012 Crude oil is a fossil fuel, it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years

More information

TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF RADOM

TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF RADOM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF RADOM Dr Grzegorz Pawlak Combustion of Alternative Fuels in IC Engines Ecology and Safety as a Driving Force in the Development of Vehicles Challenge 120 g/km emission of CO2 New

More information

Annex no. 1 of Accreditation Certificate no. LI 333 from

Annex no. 1 of Accreditation Certificate no. LI 333 from Valid from 04.02.2008 to 04.02.2012 Oil Products Laboratory DJ No. 226, Nvodari, Constana county belonging to SC ROMPETROL QUALITY CONTROL SRL 1 2 3 4 Physical tests 1. Determination of the density with

More information

Basic Products Course. Module 8: Gasoline

Basic Products Course. Module 8: Gasoline Basic Products Course Module 8: Gasoline Contents We will cover Gasoline in TWO steps: This module will have some new information, as well as reemphasize some things discussed in earlier modules. In addition,

More information

PETROLEUM SUBSTANCES

PETROLEUM SUBSTANCES ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR THE EUROPEAN REFINING INDUSTRY PETROLEUM SUBSTANCES WORKSHOP ON SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION AND SAMENESS Helsinki 7 October 2014 Foreword Petroleum Substances (PS) in the context

More information

THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROCARBON FUELS AND BIOFUELS ON SELF-IGNITION DELAY PERIOD. Andrzej Ambrozik, Tomasz Ambrozik, Piotr Łagowski

THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROCARBON FUELS AND BIOFUELS ON SELF-IGNITION DELAY PERIOD. Andrzej Ambrozik, Tomasz Ambrozik, Piotr Łagowski TEKA Kom. Mot. Energ. Roln. OL PAN, 2007, 7, 15 23 THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROCARBON FUELS AND BIOFUELS ON SELF-IGNITION DELAY PERIOD Faculty of Mechatronics and Machine Building, Kielce University of Technology

More information

Cetane ID 510. Customer Presentation. Refining. Petrochemical

Cetane ID 510. Customer Presentation. Refining. Petrochemical Refining Cetane ID 510 Customer Presentation Petrochemical Cetane ID 510 Easy to use One button operation Fully automated Test Fully automated Calibration High pressure injector for better combustion Improved

More information

On-Line Process Analyzers: Potential Uses and Applications

On-Line Process Analyzers: Potential Uses and Applications On-Line Process Analyzers: Potential Uses and Applications INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to provide ideas for application of Precision Scientific process analyzers in petroleum refineries.

More information

National Oil Corporation Libyan Petroleum Institute. Crude oil assay Sarir crude oil

National Oil Corporation Libyan Petroleum Institute. Crude oil assay Sarir crude oil National Oil Corporation Libyan Petroleum Institute Crude oil assay Sarir crude oil Work Order No. LPI- 00344/10/IL02/2008 Client: National Oil Corporation Date of Issue: Dec., 2008 Prepared by: Industrial

More information

The table below gives information about milk bottles. Raw materials Sand, limestone, salt Crude oil. Bottle material Soda-lime glass HD poly(ethene)

The table below gives information about milk bottles. Raw materials Sand, limestone, salt Crude oil. Bottle material Soda-lime glass HD poly(ethene) Q1.Plastic and glass can be used to make milk bottles. The figure below shows the percentage of milk bottles made from glass between 1975 and 2010. (a) Plot the points and draw a line on the figure above

More information

National Oil Corporation Libyan Petroleum Institute. Crude Oil Assay Messla Crude Oil

National Oil Corporation Libyan Petroleum Institute. Crude Oil Assay Messla Crude Oil National Oil Corporation Libyan Petroleum Institute Crude Oil Assay Messla Crude Oil Work Order No. LPI- 00344/08/IL02/2008 Client: National Oil Corporation Date of Issue: Nov., 2008 Prepared by: Industrial

More information

360 INDEX. boiling point of gas oil components, 84 boiling range, 353 bunker fuels, 8 fuel No. 6 characteristics, 339 classification, 338

360 INDEX. boiling point of gas oil components, 84 boiling range, 353 bunker fuels, 8 fuel No. 6 characteristics, 339 classification, 338 Index acidity/acid no., 351 additives aviation gasoline, 317 classification, 178 composition, 256 consumption, 182 diesel distribution, 180 diesel fuels, 179 diesel vehicle system, 181 fuels, 121, 351

More information

Learning Equipment for the Flammability Limits of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Learning Equipment for the Flammability Limits of Liquefied Petroleum Gas American Journal of Applied Sciences 9 (8): 1316-1320, 2012 ISSN 1546-9239 2012 Science Publications Learning Equipment for the Flammability Limits of Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1 Siriratchanee Sirisawat

More information

Fuel Related Definitions

Fuel Related Definitions Fuel Related Definitions ASH The solid residue left when combustible material is thoroughly burned or is oxidized by chemical means. The ash content of a fuel is the non combustible residue found in the

More information

Estimation Procedure for Following Vapor Pressure Changes

Estimation Procedure for Following Vapor Pressure Changes Estimation Procedure for Following Vapor Pressure Changes through Repeated Blending of Petroleum Stocks from Boiling Point Curves A practical method to estimate the vapor pressures of blended and reblended

More information

Fig:1.1[15] Fig.1.2 Distribution of world energy resources. (From World Energy Outlook 2005, International Energy Agency.)[16,17]

Fig:1.1[15] Fig.1.2 Distribution of world energy resources. (From World Energy Outlook 2005, International Energy Agency.)[16,17] Introduction :Composition of petroleum,laboratory tests,refinery feedstocks and products Fig:1.1[15] Fig.1.2 Distribution of world energy resources. (From World Energy Outlook 2005, International Energy

More information

THE OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN: FROM THE GROUND TO THE PUMP ON REFINING

THE OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN: FROM THE GROUND TO THE PUMP ON REFINING THE OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN: FROM THE GROUND TO THE PUMP ON REFINING J. Mike Brown, Ph.D. Senior Vice President Technology BASICS OF REFINERY OPERATIONS Supply and Demand Where Does The Crude Oil Come From?

More information

Focus on Training Section: Unit 3

Focus on Training Section: Unit 3 All Pump Types Page 1 1. Title Page Unit learning objectives Understand the properties of common types of fuels Understand the principals of filtration Be able to make recommendations regarding fuel storage

More information

COVENANT UNIVERSITY NIGERIA TUTORIAL KIT OMEGA SEMESTER PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COVENANT UNIVERSITY NIGERIA TUTORIAL KIT OMEGA SEMESTER PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COVENANT UNIVERSITY NIGERIA TUTORIAL KIT OMEGA SEMESTER PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COURSE: MCE 320 DISCLAIMER The contents of this document are intended for practice and leaning purposes at the

More information

Combustion model advances of industrial applications of heating and diesel fuels

Combustion model advances of industrial applications of heating and diesel fuels Combustion model advances of industrial applications of heating and diesel fuels 2 nd General Meeting SmartCat and workshop on SECs in Industry. 14 th -16 th Nov., Lisbon (Portugal) 1. Ambient air quality

More information

Investigation on PM Emissions of a Light Duty Diesel Engine with 10% RME and GTL Blends

Investigation on PM Emissions of a Light Duty Diesel Engine with 10% RME and GTL Blends Investigation on PM Emissions of a Light Duty Diesel Engine with 10% RME and GTL Blends Hongming Xu Jun Zhang University of Birmingham Philipp Price Ford Motor Company International Particle Meeting, Cambridge

More information

Module 5:Emission Control for SI Engines Lecture 24:Lean de-nox Catalysts and Catalyst Poisoning. The Lecture Contains: Lean de-no x Catalysts

Module 5:Emission Control for SI Engines Lecture 24:Lean de-nox Catalysts and Catalyst Poisoning. The Lecture Contains: Lean de-no x Catalysts The Lecture Contains: Lean de-no x Catalysts NO x storage-reduction (NSR) catalyst SCR Catalysts CATALYST DEACTIVATION Catalyst Poisoning file:///c /...%20and%20Settings/iitkrana1/My%20Documents/Google%20Talk%20Received%20Files/engine_combustion/lecture24/24_1.htm[6/15/2012

More information

Module 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions Lecture 9:Mechanisms of HC Formation in SI Engines... contd.

Module 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions Lecture 9:Mechanisms of HC Formation in SI Engines... contd. Mechanisms of HC Formation in SI Engines... contd. The Lecture Contains: HC from Lubricating Oil Film Combustion Chamber Deposits HC Mixture Quality and In-Cylinder Liquid Fuel HC from Misfired Combustion

More information

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs)

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs) FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs) What are the Petrochemicals? Any chemical derived from crude oil,crude products or natural gas. Where the petrochemicals are used? In the manufacture of Synthetic rubber,

More information

Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah Oil Products 1- Gaseous Fuels. Natural gas, which is predominantly methane, occurs in underground reservoirs separately or in association with crude oil. The principal types of gaseous fuels are oil (distillation)

More information

WINTER PROTECTION KEEPS YOU ROLLIN

WINTER PROTECTION KEEPS YOU ROLLIN KEEPS YOU ROLLIN COLD WEATHER CHEMICALS WINTER PROTECTION Prices in effect: October 13, 2015 to February 29, 2016 Anti-Gel Diesel Fuel Treatment Howes Diesel Treat lowers the cold filter plugging point

More information

Module 3: Influence of Engine Design and Operating Parameters on Emissions Lecture 14:Effect of SI Engine Design and Operating Variables on Emissions

Module 3: Influence of Engine Design and Operating Parameters on Emissions Lecture 14:Effect of SI Engine Design and Operating Variables on Emissions Module 3: Influence of Engine Design and Operating Parameters on Emissions Effect of SI Engine Design and Operating Variables on Emissions The Lecture Contains: SI Engine Variables and Emissions Compression

More information

3.0 FUEL INJECTION AND INDUCTION SYSTEM CLEANER CONCENTRATE

3.0 FUEL INJECTION AND INDUCTION SYSTEM CLEANER CONCENTRATE Fig. 1: Identifying BMW Group Fuel System Cleaner Plus Bottle BMW Group Fuel System Cleaner Plus is the only BMW approved in tank additive. Using non approved fluids or tools can lead to premature component

More information

10177AUE13 ALTERNATE FUELS AND ENERGY SYSTEMS

10177AUE13 ALTERNATE FUELS AND ENERGY SYSTEMS 10177AUE13 ALTERNATE FUELS AND ENERGY SYSTEMS PART A (2 Marks Questions) UNIT-I INTRODUCTION 1. What is the need for the movement towards alternate fuels and system for automotive applications? 2. Name

More information

Q1. The table shows how much carbon dioxide is produced when you transfer the same amount of energy by burning coal, gas and oil.

Q1. The table shows how much carbon dioxide is produced when you transfer the same amount of energy by burning coal, gas and oil. Q1. The table shows how much carbon dioxide is produced when you transfer the same amount of energy by burning coal, gas and oil. (a) (b) Use the information from the table to complete the bar-chart. The

More information

Study on Stability of Ethanol/Diesel Fuel Blend

Study on Stability of Ethanol/Diesel Fuel Blend Study on Stability of Ethanol/Diesel Fuel Blend Proceedings of European Congress of Chemical Engineering (ECCE-6) Copenhagen, 16- September 7 Study on Stability of Ethanol/Diesel Fuel Blend Gábor Nagy,

More information

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION. Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION. Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 2.3.2005 COM(2005) 69 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union Second annual report

More information

R&D on a Medium-speed, Four-cycle Diesel Engine Using Heavy fuel oil

R&D on a Medium-speed, Four-cycle Diesel Engine Using Heavy fuel oil 1999C.4.1.11 R&D on a Medium-speed, Four-cycle Diesel Engine Using Heavy fuel oil 1. R&D contents 1.1 Background and R&D objectives In order to meet increasing demand for light oil and intermediate fraction,

More information

Powertrain: New Technologies and Strategies. Contents

Powertrain: New Technologies and Strategies. Contents Contents Table of Figures... 5 Introduction... 8 Industry Drivers... 13 Legislation and regulation... 13 Sulphur... 18 Meeting consumer requirements... 20 Gasoline Engine Technology... 22 Fuel efficiency...

More information

Unit 7. Vaccum Distillation of Crude

Unit 7. Vaccum Distillation of Crude Unit 7. Vaccum Distillation of Crude Assistant teacher Belinskaya Nataliya Segeevna 2015 Introduction To extract more distillates from the atmospheric residue, the bottom from the atmospheric crude distillation

More information

Where We Are. Today: Finish up Chapter 4, hopefully! Discussion: Alternative fuels, the benefits of conservation Where to go next?

Where We Are. Today: Finish up Chapter 4, hopefully! Discussion: Alternative fuels, the benefits of conservation Where to go next? Where We Are Today: Finish up Chapter 4, hopefully! Discussion: Alternative fuels, the benefits of conservation Where to go next? Thursday: Start in on Chapter 5, The Water We Drink. Quiz! NEXT Thursday:

More information

EEN-E2002 Combustion Technology 2017 LE 3 answers

EEN-E2002 Combustion Technology 2017 LE 3 answers EEN-E2002 Combustion Technology 2017 LE 3 answers 1. Plot the following graphs from LEO-1 engine with data (Excel_sheet_data) attached on my courses? (12 p.) a. Draw cyclic pressure curve. Also non-fired

More information

Уверенная модернизация

Уверенная модернизация Уверенная модернизация Compact refineries (mini-refineries) Rustranstek through its partners offers wide range of compact refineries (mini-refineries) with crude oil output from 10 to 500 thousand tons

More information

Paragon Scientific Ltd Proficiency Testing Scheme Schedule

Paragon Scientific Ltd Proficiency Testing Scheme Schedule Paragon Scientific Ltd Proficiency Testing Scheme Schedule Proficiency Testing Scheme Schedule Page 1 of 16 Issue : 29/01/2015 Print : 25/06/2018 Viscosity ASTM D445 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic

More information

Fuel Quality Issues and Developments in Asia

Fuel Quality Issues and Developments in Asia Fuel Quality Issues and Developments in Asia Liisa Kiuru Director, Asia International Fuel Quality Center www.ifqc.org 1 International Fuel Quality Center 2 Situation in Each Country Varies Emissions WHO/Kyoto

More information

Edexcel GCSE Chemistry. Topic 8: Fuels and Earth science. Fuels. Notes.

Edexcel GCSE Chemistry. Topic 8: Fuels and Earth science. Fuels. Notes. Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Topic 8: Fuels and Earth science Fuels Notes 8.1 Recall that Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only 8.2 Describe crude oil as: A complex mixture of hydrocarbons

More information

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1. What does PROCONVE phases P7 and L6 mean? PROCONVE is the Program for Automotive Vehicle Air-Pollution Control. The PROCONVE P7 (for heavy-duty vehicles of above 3.5 tonnes)

More information

Study on Emission Characteristics Test of Diesel Engine Operating on. Diesel/Methanol Blends

Study on Emission Characteristics Test of Diesel Engine Operating on. Diesel/Methanol Blends Study on Emission Characteristics Test of Diesel Engine Operating on Diesel/Methanol Blends Yuanhua Jia1, a, Guifu Wu2,b, Enhui Xing3,c,Ping Hang 4,d,Wanjiang Wu5e 1,2,3, 4,5 College of Mechanical Engineering

More information

PRODUCT INFORMATION SHEET

PRODUCT INFORMATION SHEET Page 1 of 18 31592 WYNN S DPF Cleaner & Regenerator WYNN S Diesel Particulate Filter Cleaner & Regenerator Product Number: 31592 12 x 325ml New technologies to reduce emissions with diesel engines The

More information

Characterization of crude:

Characterization of crude: Crude Oil Properties Characterization of crude: Crude of petroleum is very complex except for the lowboiling components, no attempt is made by the refiner to analyze for the pure components that contained

More information

opportunities and costs to upgrade the quality of automotive diesel fuel

opportunities and costs to upgrade the quality of automotive diesel fuel GOGiIGaWG report no. 88/52 opportunities and costs to upgrade the quality of automotive diesel fuel Prepared by CONCAWE Automotive Emissions Management Group's Special Task Force on Refinery Processes

More information

STUDIES ON FUSHUN SHALE OIL FURFURAL REFINING

STUDIES ON FUSHUN SHALE OIL FURFURAL REFINING Oil Shale, 2011, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 372 379 ISSN 0208-189X doi: 10.3176/oil.2011.3.02 2011 Estonian Academy Publishers STUDIES ON FUSHUN SHALE OIL FURFURAL REFINING G. X. LI, D. Y. HAN *, Z. B. CAO, M.

More information

OIL REFINERY PROCESSES

OIL REFINERY PROCESSES OIL REFINERY PROCESSES 1 Types of hydrocarbons Types of hydrocarbons (parafffins, naphthenes, and aromatics). This rating is important to the refinery since the value of the crude oil decreases from classification

More information

REFORMATE Crude Condensate Naphtha Ethane Reformate

REFORMATE Crude Condensate Naphtha Ethane Reformate REFORMATE Crude The Crude Overview gives a summary of the daily price movements of the benchmark WTI (West Texas Intermediate) and Brent futures contracts on the NYMEX and IPE exchanges, detailing any

More information

Engine Construction and Principles of Operation

Engine Construction and Principles of Operation Ch. 4 Engine Construction and Principles of Operation Gasoline Engine A gasoline fueled engine is a mechanism designed to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy It is an internal combustion engine.

More information

2013 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I

2013 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I SET - 1 II B. Tech II Semester, Regular Examinations, April/May 2013 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I (Com. to ME, AME) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry Equal Marks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

More information

HYDRA DIESEL POWER BLAST TEST RESULTS HYDRA.

HYDRA DIESEL POWER BLAST TEST RESULTS HYDRA. HYDRA DIESEL POWER BLAST TEST RESULTS HYDRA support@hydra-int.com ABSTRACT The following report depicts the need for the improvement of the fuel quality in respect of combustion, ignition, stabilization

More information

Fuel Oil Maintenance and Filtration Selection

Fuel Oil Maintenance and Filtration Selection July, 2010 200 Industrial Dr Butner, NC 27509 (919)575-6711 Fuel Oil Maintenance and Filtration Selection How do I size the fuel filtration set? This is one of the most common fuel systems questions we

More information

Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah Catalytic Operations Fluidized Catalytic Cracking The fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit is the heart of the refinery and is where heavy low-value petroleum stream such as vacuum gas oil (VGO) is

More information

QMI Heavy Duty Product & Equipment Information Sheets

QMI Heavy Duty Product & Equipment Information Sheets QMI Heavy Duty Product & Equipment Information Sheets 1. Table of Contents Fleet/Industrial Service 2. QMI Diesel Fuel Treatment with Cetane Booster 91, 915, 9155 3. QMI Diesel Fuel Treatment 92, 925,

More information

Motor Homes. Power Protection Fuel Economy ACCESSORY PRODUCTS SYNTHETIC MOTOR OILS

Motor Homes. Power Protection Fuel Economy ACCESSORY PRODUCTS SYNTHETIC MOTOR OILS Motor Homes SYNTHETIC MOTOR OILS ACCESSORY PRODUCTS Power Protection Fuel Economy When you put the best into your motor home, you can expect the best from it. AMSOIL-engineered lubricants help protect

More information

Full Load Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline-Isobutanol Blends

Full Load Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline-Isobutanol Blends Adrian Irimescu ANALELE UNIVERSITĂłII EFTIMIE MURGU REŞIłA ANUL XVI, NR. 1, 2009, ISSN 1453-7397 Full Load Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline-Isobutanol Blends With fossil fuels

More information

ISBN SANS 342:2006 Edition 4 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Automotive diesel fuel Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan roa

ISBN SANS 342:2006 Edition 4 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Automotive diesel fuel Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan roa ISBN 0-626-18752-4 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Automotive diesel fuel Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344

More information

Crude Assay, ASTM, TBP distillations, Evaluation of crude oil properties.

Crude Assay, ASTM, TBP distillations, Evaluation of crude oil properties. Crude Assay, ASTM, TBP distillations, Evaluation of crude oil properties. Crude Oil Distillation Crude oil distillation is an open art technology. The crude oil is distilled at atmospheric pressure and

More information

Alternative Fuels for DI-Diesel Engines Meeting Future Emission Standards

Alternative Fuels for DI-Diesel Engines Meeting Future Emission Standards 1 Alternative Fuels for DI-Diesel Engines Meeting Future Emission Standards ERC - 2007 Symposium Madison, June 6, 2007 Erik Koehler and Dean Tomazic FEV Engine Technology, Inc. Auburn Hills, MI, USA 2

More information

PCE154. Refinery Process and Products. H.H. Sheikh Sultan Tower (0) Floor Corniche Street Abu Dhabi U.A.E

PCE154. Refinery Process and Products. H.H. Sheikh Sultan Tower (0) Floor Corniche Street Abu Dhabi U.A.E PCE154 Refinery Process and Products H.H. Sheikh Sultan Tower (0) Floor Corniche Street Abu Dhabi U.A.E www.ictd.ae ictd@ictd.ae Course Introduction: To provide broad technical information on refining

More information

L34: Internal Combustion Engine Cycles: Otto, Diesel, and Dual or Gas Power Cycles Introduction to Gas Cycles Definitions

L34: Internal Combustion Engine Cycles: Otto, Diesel, and Dual or Gas Power Cycles Introduction to Gas Cycles Definitions Page L: Internal Combustion Engine Cycles: Otto, Diesel, and Dual or Gas Power Cycles Review of Carnot Power Cycle (gas version) Air-Standard Cycles Internal Combustion (IC) Engines - Otto and Diesel Cycles

More information

Development of liquid-fuel initiator for liquid-fuel PDE

Development of liquid-fuel initiator for liquid-fuel PDE Development of liquid-fuel initiator for liquid-fuel PDE Tomoaki YATSUFUSA, Masahiro OHIRA, Shin ichi YAMAMOTO, Takuma ENDO and Shiro TAKI Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima Japan 42nd Aerospace Science

More information

ENERGY SAVING IN TRANSPORTATION. Wang Xie-qing Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPEC Dec Beijing, China

ENERGY SAVING IN TRANSPORTATION. Wang Xie-qing Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPEC Dec Beijing, China ENERGY SAVING IN TRANSPORTATION Wang Xie-qing Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPEC Dec. 2008 Beijing, China IMPORTANT PRIORITIES ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Improving Energy security

More information

Topic 1.6 PETROLEUM AND ALKANES. Fractional Distillation Cracking Combustion

Topic 1.6 PETROLEUM AND ALKANES. Fractional Distillation Cracking Combustion Topic 1.6 PETROLEUM AND ALKANES Fractional Distillation racking ombustion RUDE OIL 1. Introduction The vast majority of carbon-containing compounds in widespread use have been made from crude oil. rude

More information

Why do we study about Fuel for IC Engine? Because fuel properties affect the combustion process in engine and its operation

Why do we study about Fuel for IC Engine? Because fuel properties affect the combustion process in engine and its operation FUELS 1 Introduction 2 Why do we study about Fuel for IC Engine? Because fuel properties affect the combustion process in engine and its operation Engines are designed to run on fuels that meet certain

More information

Direct Injection Ethanol Boosted Gasoline Engines: Biofuel Leveraging For Cost Effective Reduction of Oil Dependence and CO 2 Emissions

Direct Injection Ethanol Boosted Gasoline Engines: Biofuel Leveraging For Cost Effective Reduction of Oil Dependence and CO 2 Emissions Direct Injection Ethanol Boosted Gasoline Engines: Biofuel Leveraging For Cost Effective Reduction of Oil Dependence and CO 2 Emissions D.R. Cohn* L. Bromberg* J.B. Heywood Massachusetts Institute of Technology

More information