On the road to improve the emission inventory over Portugal
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1 Technical Meeting Athens, Greece June 2016 WG2 Emissions On the road to improve the emission inventory over Portugal Alexandra Monteiro, Joana Ferreira, Carlos Silveira, Helder Relvas, Ana Isabel Miranda Dept. Environment and Planning University of Aveiro
2 Objective Main goal to develop/build the best possible high-resolution emission inventory for Portugal SNAP2 RESIDENTIAL COMBUSTION SNAP8 OTHER TRANSPORTS SNAP3,4 INDUSTRY ACTIVITY SNAP9 WASTE TREATMENT SNAP7 ROAD TRANSPORTS SNAP10 AGRICULTURE
3 RESIDENTIAL COMBUSTION
4 Residential Combustion 100% 80% National totals Residential Other sources Spatial distribution (population density) 60% 40% 20% 0% 41% 29% 33% 25% 1% 2% CO SOx NOx NMVOC PM2.5 PM10 PM10 emissions (t/yr) (2012 year)
5 Residential Combustion Energy consumption 0% fuel type ResidualOil 4% ResidualOil 29% Diesel/GasOil Kerosene Gasoline 30% Diesel/GasOil Kerosene Gasoline 49% LPG CityGas LPG CityGas 66% 2% NaturalGas Wood Charcoal NaturalGas Wood Charcoal Biodiesel 17% Biodiesel
6 New approach methodology Energy sources (fuel categories) (IIR, 2017) Solid Other fuels Fuel type Residual Oil Category Liq Disaggregation and units conversion number and type of equipment burned wood species consumption rate Activity data: wood consumption per district (t y -1 ) Activity data: wood consumption per sub-municipality (GJ y -1 ) Emission factors (t GJ -1 ) Gas Liquid Activity data: national fuel consumption (GJ y -1 ) Diesel/Gas Oil Kerosene Motor Gasoline LPG City Gas Natural Gas Liq Liq Liq Liq Liq Gas Emissions National Emissions by fuel type (t y -1 ) National emissions by energy source (t y -1 ) disaggregated per sub-municipality (t y -1 ) Grouped by energy source Disaggregation Number of heating equipment per energy source category
7 New approach methodology Disaggregation and units conversion number and type of equipment burned wood species consumption rate Energy sources (fuel categories) Solid Activity data: wood consumption per district (t y -1 ) Activity data: wood consumption per sub-municipality (GJ y -1 ) Wood species consumed in Portugal (DGEG, 2011) Pine Eucalypt Briquettes/Pellets Other types Consumption rate per equipment and wood species (Calvo et al., 2014) Fireplaces 61% Woodstoves 23% pine: 1,8 ± 0,07 kg.h -1 pine: 2,1 ± 0,1 kg.h -1 eucalypt: 1,9 ± 0,2 kg.h -1 eucalypt: 2,0 ± 0,2 kg.h -
8 Emission factors For wood species Pollutant Wood species Equipment Fireplace Woodstove Reference Pine Gonçalves et al., 2012 PM2.5 Eucalypt Gonçalves et al., 2012 Briquettes/Pellets Gonçalves et al., 2012 Pine Duarte, 2011 PM10 Eucalypt Duarte, 2011 Briquettes/Pellets Pine Gonçalves et al., 2012 CO Eucalypt Gonçalves et al., 2012 Briquettes/Pellets Gonçalves et al., 2012 EF units - mg/mj
9 Emission factors For liquid, gaseous and other solid fuels Fuel Type Emission factors (mg/mj) PM2.5 PM10 NOx SO2 (%S) NMVOC CO Residual Oil Liquid Diesel/Gas Oil Liquid Kerosene Liquid Motor Gasoline Liquid LPG Liquid City Gas Liquid Natural Gas Gas Wood Solid Charcoal Solid Biodiesel Solid Source: PT IIR, 2017
10 Results new vs old approach Approach Total emission in PT (t/yr) PM2.5 PM10 NOx SOx NMVOC CO Old (pop disag) New (calculated) Old (disaggregated by population) New (recalculated)
11 Results new approach Contribution by fuel category for the total emission (%) Fuel Total emission in PT (%) PM2.5 PM10 NOx SOx NMVOC CO Wood Gas Liquid Total fuel consumption (GJ) per fuel category Liquid ( GJ) Wood ( GJ) Gas ( GJ) Wood Gas Liquid
12 Results CO emissions New approach (recalculated) Old approach (disaggregated by population)
13 Results PM2.5 emissions New approach (recalculated) Old approach (disaggregated by population)
14 Emission (t y -1 ) Results all pollutants old New new old New new old New new old New new old New new old New new PM2.5 PM10 NOx SOx NMVOC CO Emission (t y -1 ) (approaches) Median 25% - 75% 5% - 95% New approach: lower maxima (P95) lower minima (P5) smaller ranges of values
15 Results % differences (old-new) PM2.5 PM10 CO
16 TRANSPORTS TRANSPORTS
17 Line sources metodology Input data Road transport national total emissions (2012 year) TREM model output Method: 1. Using TREM emission model to calculate the emissions per road segment (with available data for vehicles counting) 2. Calculating the difference between the total national emissions and the emissions estimated as lines sources (step 1) 3. Disaggregating the difference per municipality and population 4. Inside each municipality, the disaggregation was done considering the different importance/weight of each type of route: motorway- 2 trunk- 1.8 primary- 1 secondary- 0.7 tertiary- 0.55
18 Road transport emissions Line sources PM10 t/km NO 2 t/km VOC t/km
19 Zoom over Porto & Lisbon VOC t/km NO2 t/km
20 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES & COMBUSTION
21 Methodology Emissions by municipality CORINE Land Cover National Landcover Ponderation by area Final emissions
22 CORINE Land Cover (commercial/industrial activities) National Land Cover
23 Emissions SNAP 4 (ton/year) CORINE Landcover National Landcover (1x1 km 2
24 Now let s know hope that these improvements on the emission data will be traduced in less uncertainty on air quality results!
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