TESTING SERVICE OF FUNCTIONAL AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES

Transcription

1 TESTING SERVICE OF FUNCTIONAL AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES TEST REPORT n a ROTARY TILLER: EL 102/230 (extensions : b EL 102/250; c EL 102/300) MANUFACTURER: KUHN S.A. B.P. 60 F SAVERNE CEDEX (FRANCE) MARKETED IN ITALY BY: KUHN ITALIA S.R.L. VIA CERCA PER COLTURANO N 8, MELEGNANO (MI), ITALY Rome, November 2001

2 TESTS CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO ENAMA METHODOLOGY N. 03 AT THE ISTITUTO SPERIMENTALE PER LA MECCANIZZAZIONE AGRICOLA MONTEROTONDO (ROME), BY: Director Test technicians Collaborators Mr. Giovanni Santoro Mr. Roberto Fanigliulo Mr. Daniele Pochi Mr. Mauro Uniformi Mr. Gino Brannetti Mr. Cesare Cervellini INDEX DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINE 3 ACCESSORIES 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 4 TEST CONDITIONS 5 TEST RESULTS 5 COMMENT ON FUNCTIONALITY 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS 7 TRANSIT ON THE ROADS 7 MODELS IN THE SAME SERIES 7 FOR BETTER CLARIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS, PLEASE NOTE THAT: 1 MPa = 1000 kpa = 10 bar 10 kg force /cm 2 1 dan 1.02 kg force 1 kw = 1.36 CV 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h 2/8

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINE The KUHN rotary tiller, mod. EL 102/230, is a mounted agricultural machine used for soil refining and preparing the seed bed after the passage of the plough. The tiller under examination, with a theoretic working width of 2.30 m, belongs to the EL series, comprising 3 models with a width which is variable from 2.3 m to 3.0 m. The soil is tilled by 54 curved tilling blades, rotating on horizontal axis (cultirotor) and bolted on, in quantities of 6, on circular steel flanges; further refining and levelling of the ground is carried out with a crumbler leveller and with a packer roller hinged to the rear of the frame. The operator can in addition fit a further two types of rotors (cultitiller and cultilabour) with spiroidal blades, depending on the different work requirements Figure 1 Diagram of the tested machine and its components: 1) support hook of the cardan shaft when disconnected from the tractor; 2) upper link connection; 3) three point tractor linkage support; 4) central unit speed reducer; 5) working height adjustment handle of the rear crumbler; 6) transversal shaft protection; 7) side transmission unit; 8) packer roller; 9) side frame bearing; 10) safety protection; 11) CE Identification plate; 12) rotor with curved tilling blades; 13) power take-off with protection of the cardan shaft; 14) cardan shaft for connection to the tractor p.t.o.; 15) lower link connection. ACCESSORIES The machine may be fitted with: front track breaking tool: spring or bolt adjusted, to loosen ploughed soil that has been compacted by tractor tyres; pair of small front wheels: for use without the roller, they improve the stability of the machine and enable the working depth to be more efficiently regulated on sloping ground; pair of rear wheels: in place of the roller, they improve the tillage work of meadow land and facilitate digging in of cultivated remains; support foot ensures the stability of the device when detached from the tractor; Rear hydraulic lifter three-point connection (cat. ISO 1 and 2): the p.t.o. that exits at the rear of the gearbox, enables a seeder to be operated that can be lifted hydraulically above the rotary tiller to improve manoeuvrability during transport, etc.; side separating discs: fitted on the front beam and height adjustable, to enable the machine to penetrate more deeply into non ploughed ground and to direct the earth into the direction of the rotors; 30/17 gearing: to replace in the central speed reduction unit; indication and lighting devices. 3/8

4 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS TESTED MACHINE SERIAL NO. A0202 DIMENSIONS working position transport position Total width (mm) Total length (mm) Total height (mm) FRAME type box-type in sheet metal and steel plate connection to tractor three point connection cat. ISO II TRANSMISSION from the p.t.o. main transmission transmission to the implements p.t.o. speed STANDARD TOOLS type cardan shaft with gear limiter to clutch. reduction gear box with two straighttoothed crown-pinion gears, constant drive (25-22 and teeth); the transversal shaft exiting the reduction gearbox is connected to the tilling blades carrying shaft by means of lateral transmission cascading gears, with further reduction, and with rotation speed of the tools from 207 to 347 rpm based on the gear ratio chosen; rpm tilling curved blades in steel rotating on horizontal axis and bolted onto circular steel flange; total no. 54 no. per flange 6 (3 on the external flanges) width at base (mm) 98 standard thickness (mm) 8 flange (qty.) 10 wheel base (mm) 250 diameter (mm) 315 rotors length (mm) 2180 diameter shaft (mm) 115 diameter including tools (mm) 530 NOMINAL DIMENSIONS OF THE WORKED LAYER maximum width (mm) 2250 maximum depth (mm) 230 ROTATION SPEED OF BLADES p.t.o rpm p.t.o. 540 rpm standard gearing (25-22 teeth) 269 rpm standard gearing (22-25 teeth) 347 rpm 187 rpm standard gearing (19-28 teeth) 243 rpm optional gearing (30-17 teeth) 173 rpm AVERAGE POWER AT THE P.T.O. (KW) 79.7 ROLLERS 1.packer with triangular teeth ( 485 mm); 2. Maxi-packer with triangular teeth ( 530 mm); 3. cage type with spiral rods ( 495 mm); 4. maxi cage ( 520 mm) TOTAL WEIGHT (KG) with packer roller and universal joint /8

5 TEST CONDITIONS TRACTOR USED The tiller was connected to a four-wheel drive tractor with the following specifications: nominal power total weight connection device 103 kw 6420 kg cat. 2 & 3 ISO The rotation speed at the power take-off used for activating the rotors was adjusted to 1000 rpm in correspondence to the 1957 rpm of the drive shaft. TEST GROUND The tests were carried out on level ground that had been previously ploughed at a depth of approx m with a rise of approx m, substantially free of crop residual. Before tilling the following measurements were taken: the relative humidity (from 0 to 0.2 m and from 0.2 to 0.4 m depth), the apparent average density and the average resistance to soil penetration (from 0 to 0.4 m in depth) (tab. 1). skeleton (%) 0 sand (%) 2.3 silt (%) 43.4 clay (%) 54.3 liquid limit (%) 62.2 plastic limit (%) 40.3 plasticity index 21.9 humidity 0 m 0.2 m (%) 15.1 humidity 0.2 m 0.4 m (%) 19.1 average apparent density (g/cm 3 ) 1.2 average resistance to penetration (kg/cm 2 ) 2.1 TEST RESULTS During the tests, after establishing the best gear for the tractor (3 rd slow), engaging the double drive and the differential lock, moving the accelerator lever to the maximum position, the functional and operational characteristics (per hectare) were determined and reported in tab. 2. The tiller was fitted with a packer roller and fully closed rear levelling bar. The average specific power was 0.95 kw/m. cm. (per metre of operational width and centimetre of working depth on the terrain worked), whereas the average specific force was 0.79 dan/m.cm. (per metre of operational width and centimetre of working depth on the terrain worked). Tractor slip was minimal and was within the normal limits for the type of equipment under test, in spite of the push created from the tiller rotors, with the advantages of a greater exploitation of power and reduced fuel and tyre consumption. From table 2 one can also observe how 97.8% of the theoretical operational width was used, while the thickness of the worked layer was 0.23 m with a settling of the soil of 0.15 m. On examination of fig. 2 one can see that the passage of the rotary tiller determined the optimum refining of the soil. The relative index did, in fact, pass from 0.34 of the ploughed soil to 0.85 of the cultivated soil with a clod reduction of 59.4%; in addition, it eliminated the larger sizes of clod and reduced the aggregates to 10 mm or 53% of the total mass of the soil broken up. The subsequent seedbed quality index (mass of clods with diameter <10 mm / mass of clods with diameter > 10 mm) was 1.10, thus guaranteeing an optimum sub-stratum for sowing and successive germination. In addition, the combined effect of the rotary implements and the maxi-packer roller produced a good levelling of the soil notably reducing roughtness and determining an equalisation level of the terrain of 72.2%. Table 1 Physical-mechanical characteristics of the testing ground. 5/8

6 Elements Performance average engine speed (rpm) 2053 average p.t.o. speed (rpm) 1049 average rotor speed (rpm) 282 theoretical working width (m) 2.30 effective working width (m) 2.25 operating working width (m) 2.20 used working width (%) 97.8 working depth of worked soil (m) 0.38 stratum worked (m) 0.23 settling (m) 0.15 worked layer (m²) 0.86 effective work time (h/ha) 1.57 operating work time (h/ha) 1.76 operating yield (%) 89.2 average effective speed (km/h) 2.89 operating working capacity (ha/h) 0.57 hourly fuel consumption (kg/h) 23.5 unit fuel consumption (kg/ha) 41.4 average traction force (dan) 68.7 average torque at the p.t.o. (danm) 72.6 average power at the p.t.o. (kw) 79.7 average working traction power required* (kw) 0.55 total average power required (kw) 80.2 specific average power (kw/m. cm.) 0.95 power delivered to the tractor motor (kw) 94.6 tractor slip (%) 0.92 Table 2 - average results obtained with the rotary tiller. (*)Total power required for the traction, excluded the lost for transmission, empty-load displacement, slip and hydraulic functions of the tractor. 21% > <10 6% 17% > <10 7% 51% 5% 9% 24% 53% 7% Figure 2 Clod level of the soil before and after the passage of the rotary tiller with p.t.o. at 540 rpm (the dimensional classes of the clods, in mm, are listed in the legend.) 6/8

7 Kuhn series "EL" Tiller model Working width (m) Operating capacity (ha/h) Average power at the p.t.o. (kw) Flange (no.) Mass with packer roller (kg) EL 102/ EL 102/ Table 3 - Evaluation of the operating capacity and the power at the p.t.o. of the other rotary tiller models in the "EL" series of the Kuhn Company. The values are theoretical and are to be considered valid only for conditions of use identical to those shown during the tests carried out on the model "EL 102/230". COMMENT ON FUNCTIONALITY The rotary tiller Kuhn EL 102/230 showed in a single passage an excellent refining of the soil even when operating, at the maximum working depth, on silt-clay soil, characterised by high surface levels of clods. The machine also gave excellent ground levelling and a notable reduction in superficial clod levels. Good results can, therefore, be achieved on difficult ground conditions. The 103 kw tractor coupling appeared to be correct for the test conditions, however, a less powerful tractor, as indicated by the manufacturer, could have proven to be adequate, particularly for lighter soil. RECOMMENDATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS The rotary tiller is supplied with a multilingual use and maintenance manual, which conforms to current regulations. USE ON THE ROADS According to the Highway Code the machine is classified as a mounted agricultural machine and is therefore an integral part of the tractor (art. 57, legislation n. 285 of the 30/04/1992), homologation is not required and it may circulate according to the tractor s mass and pivot ratios and the prescribed signs. UNI EN 708:1998; EN 708/A1:2000; EN 1553:1999; ISO 11684:1995. From the analysis carried out and in relation to documentation sent from the manufacturer, there do not appear to be inconsistencies with what is reported in the regulations cited. The relative documentation is deposited in the papers. MODELS IN THE SAME SERIES From the tests carried out on the rotary tiller Kuhn EL 102/230 and based on the results of table 2, one can deduce that, under the same test conditions and for a different number of flanges, the values in table 3 could be obtained. The other tiller models are listed in table 4, for which the extension of the present test report has been issued. Cert. no. Model Serial no b EL 102/250 A c EL 102/300 A0377 Table 4 - Other tiller models, for which the extension of the present test report has been issued. SAFETY TESTS The machine is fitted with the CE mark, an identification plate, safety pictograms and is supplied with an use and maintenance manual and a declaration of conformity. The declaration of conformity attests that the machine conforms to the following technical specifications and harmonised standards: 7/8

8 THE PRESENT TEST REPORT IS VALID FOR FIVE YEARS OR UNTIL THE REGULATIONS REFERRING TO THIS ARE MODIFIED FOR ALL EL 102 ROTARY TILLERS AND RELATIVE EXTENSIONS, AND IS OFFICIALLY RECOGNISED BY THE MEMBERS OF ENAMA: ASSOCAP (Associazione Nazionale dei Consorzi Agrari) CIA (Confederazione Italiana Agricoltori) COLDIRETTI (Confederazione Nazionale Coltivatori Diretti) CONFAGRICOLTURA (Confederazione Generale Agricoltura) UNACMA (Unione Nazionale Commercianti Macchine Agricole) UNACOMA (Unione Nazionale Costruttori Macchine Agricole) UNIMA (Unione Nazionale Imprese Meccanizzazione Agricola) AS WELL AS BY BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF ENAMA IN WHICH THE FOLLOWING ARE ALSO REPRESENTED: MIPAF (Ministero per le Politiche Agricole e Forestali) Regioni e Province Autonome ISMA (Istituto Sperimentale per la Meccanizzazione Agricola) THE TEST RESULTS ARE RECOGNIZED BY THE FOLLOWING TESTING STATIONS BELONGING TO ENTAM, WITH THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS: BLT - Bundesanstalt für Landtechnik n I - 117/01 (Rottenhauserstraβe 1, A-3250 Wieselburg, AUSTRIA) DIAS Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences n I-938 (P.O. Box 536, DK-8700 Horsens, DENMARK) DIAS DLG - Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft e. V. n I (Eschborner Landstraβe 122, D Frankfurt am Main, GERMANY) EMA Estación de Mecánica Agrícola n ENT/03/02/02 (Carretera n 401 Madrid-Toledo, Km 6.800, Leganés, Madrid, SPAIN) FAT Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für n I Agrarwirtschaft und Landtechnik (8356 Tänikon B. Aadorf, SWITZERLAND) is the European Network for Testing of Agricultural Machines and its purpose is to promote a cooperation among testing stations in order to optimize activities and give a better service to farmers, dealers and manufacturers. 8/8 ENAMA ENTE NAZIONALE PER LA MECCANIZZAZIONE AGRICOLA VIA LAZZARO SPALLANZANI, 22/A ROMA PH FAX info@enama.it