18/01/18. Strong foundations. The marriage between E-mobility and micro grids

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1 The marriage between E-mobility and micro grids Prof. Dr. ir. Joeri Van Mierlo Director of Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre - MOBI Vrije Universiteit Brussel MOBI Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 2 1 Billion Euro s per Day for import of Oil in Europe Vrije Universiteit Brussel MOBI Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 3 Joris Besseling Jonathan C. Wheeler Vrije Universiteit Brussel MOBI Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 4 Strong foundations Vrije Universiteit Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel Manon Vrije Universiteit Brussel MOBI Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 5 6 1

2 Key Assets Electric and hybrid vehicles Battery Innovation Centre Key Data 40 years of expertise 150 projects over last 5 years 16 current EU Projects Sustainable logistics Urban mobility 5 M turnover team members 20 nationalities 7 Partners Our infrastructure Battery Innovation Centre Infrastructure Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Test Infrastructure Power Electronics and Machine Lab 15 Top 3 Barriers for EVs E-mobility High purchase cost Limited driving range Limited charging infrastructure 13 2

3 Specific Energy (Wh/kg) Decreasing battery cost x2 x2 x3 x3 Lead Nickel Lithium ? Market evolution Market share per country Purchase price ( ) BMW i Leaf 2018 Driving range (km) Market share per country only BEV How affordable are Clean Vehicles? 3

4 TCO methodology Passenger cars medium cars Passenger cars medium cars - subsidy Company cars premium cars Infrastructure needs Where is your car during one week? Charging - the grid Work Home 35 4

5 60,00% Garage and private parking per living unit 50,00% 40,00% 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 0,00% Vlaanderen Walonië Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel MOBI Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 36 Source: FOD Economie Intelligent roll-out of infrastructure Charging Infrastructure Location Fast Chargers Electricity production and distribution J EVs = > +0,4 % extra electricity production L But potential extra demand for electricity after working hours EV Battery as storage solution? Þopportunity to give electricity back to the grid? ÞJ 2nd hand market for EV batteries (still 80% original capacity) => Home battery ÞJ Smart battery charging during off peak hours Proeftuinen nodig 5

6 d V in = 0 R L i L1 = i L z 1 L D 2 i L I L d 2 D 1 i L I L d1 D 2 v o V O d D 1 v o V O d R C C \ + DC - DC Vo - LV- HEB - + DC - DC RLB RLB LB LB G21 G11 G22 G12 G23 G13 G24 G14 RC C - - Real Achieved Speed Speed Cycle v a slope Vehicle dynamics Wheel Power Calculation PMOTOR REAL Pw T w Pgb Tgb Drivetrain wgb Drivetrain Eff=F(PREAL) Pm Forward Subsystem PDC BUS REAL PDCbus v SoC DC BUS Power flow controller Pscdc DC/DC Converter Psc Psc PGENSET REAL Supercapacitor ESS Energy Storage PGenset & + PICE Limit? Genset ICE Consumption Map TICE Dynamics wice PICE TREF wref ICE controller PREAL ICE Consumption DC/DC Storage Device (EDLC) Modeling tools and Energy Management From accurate components and subsystems models/representations to proper application modeling towards minimized development time with High EE. + - MICROGRID How to design and operate optimally? Gearbox eff=f(t,w) Motor µ=f(t,w) Motor Drive eff=f(p) Generator Generator Rectifier Rectifier v Driving Module a DC load Bus Id3 slope Id4 v hoisting Hoisting Module Ih1 a hoisting Ih2 load P aux Ia Auxiliaries ω ICE I rect 1 Rectifier P1 T1 Gen 1 ICE 1 Tank Rectifier P2 T2 Pf I rect 2 Gen 2 2 ω ICE Controller I braking I storage Palt T Alt Fuel T hydraulic Consumption I sc 46 Power Electronics design Switch/ Component + + Vbatt + Dc-Bus Traction Current Charging Current + - Prototyping & PE loss Modeling High Efficiency & Accuracy Converter/ inverter MICROGRID What is the best storage? Real-Time Implement ation RTW & SiL PE Control Systems Battery Innovation Centre Mathematical Modelling Voltage behavior Temperature estimation State-of-charge estimation Electrical + - Estimation technics Electrochemical reactions reproductions High accuracy (between 95 and 98%) Thermal MICROGRID How to integrate EVs optimally? Capacity fade prediction Electrochemical Lifetime 6

7 What is the future of vehicle-to-grid applications? and PV-panelen op de daken PV-panelen op grasland windenergie B2E V2H GREEN ENERGY PARK Wat is de beste koelkast? How Green are Clean vehicles? 7

8 En nu? 61 Real life emissions (exhaust/nonexhaust/non regulated) Real-time emissions of full supply chain of electricity generation Extensive Bill-of-Materials of all components Life Cycle Assessment Climate change Raw materials Refining and transport Distribution Usage Waste Raw materials Production of components Assembly and distribiution 64 Messagie, Maarten; Boureima, Faycal-Siddikou; Coosemans, Thierry; Macharis, Cathy; Van Mierlo, Joeri (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages:

9 Source: Fuelling EUROPE S Future, 2013 Single score = all environmental impact Messagie, M., et.al.. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages: Influence of the electricity mix Ref: Messagie, M., et.al. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES 75 Electrification= 1 mln. additional jobs in 2030 in EU 2 mln. additional jobs in 2050 in EU Fun to drive and. J 76 9

10 The electric light did not come from the continuous improvement of candles. Oren Harari Prof. dr. Joeri Van Mierlo Joeri.Van.Mierlo@vub.ac.be Building Z (ZE109) mobi.vub.ac.be Twitter.com/MOBI_VUB facebook.com/vub.mobi/ 10