Biofuel Programs in Thailand : A Solution for Energy Sufficiency and Poverty Eradication?

Transcription

1 Biofuel Programs in Thailand : A Solution for Energy Sufficiency and Poverty Eradication? Dr.Samai Jai-In, Specialist, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, NSTDA,Thailand

2 India 2000 : 1080M 2025 : 1361 M 2050 : 1601 M Bangladesh 2000 : 130 M 2025 : 204 M 2050 : 279 M Total Population > 4,000M in 2050! China 2000: 1268 M 2025: 1453 M 2050 : 1424 M Thailand-Vietnam-Myanmar- Cambodia-Laos 2000 : = 204M 2025 : = 252M 2050 : = 269M Indonesia 2000: 224 M 2025: 300 M 2050 : 336 M Philippines 2000: 79 M 2025: 118 M 2050 : 147 M

3 Threats and Opportunities in GMS Population Stress! Envir Stress! Global Warming and Climate Change Econ. Stress! Impact of Energy Import VS Agricultural Commodity Export Social Stress! Energy Security Sustainable Agriculture Development for Food/Feed/Fuel/Fibre and CDM Regional Co-operation and Poverty Eradication

4 ABC / Fires : Indochina (NASA Terra Sat. Picture)

5 4 th March, 2007 by Aqua satellite

6 Source : NASA s Aqua Sattellite, 20/02/2006

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8 Environmental Sustainability? PM and Smoke Emissions

9 GDP and Sectorial Performance (data from The Bank of Thailand) 8, ,000.0 Agriculture Non-Agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 6, , , , , , , , , , , ,917.4 Billion Baht 4, , , , , p

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11 Energy Import (source : EPPO) 1,000, , , , ,000 ELECTRICITY COAL NATURAL GAS PETROLEUM PRODUCTS CRUDE OIL Oil shock=16% Oil shock=8% 62,827 55,680 77,843 60,253 M.Baht 500,000 46,053 41, , ,000 30,559 35,073 28,522 25,817 42,635 30, , , , , , , , ,

12 Agriculture Export VS Fuel&Lub. Import (Data from The Bank of Thailand) 30,000 25,000 M.USD Petroleum Import =14.9% of Import=12% of GDP Total Energy Expenditure = 19.4% of GDP 25,043 20,828 20,000 Agriculture Export 15,000 Fuel and Lubricant Import 13,150 10,000 5,000 4,771 6,314 5,794 3,406 4,766 7,559 7,445 7,435 8,937 8,070 7,848 10,

13 Linkages Linkages H 2 2 hydrocarbons Diesohol Direct combustion H 2 -rich Biogas Biodiesel Fuel cells, H 2 storage 2010 CH 4 rich Biogas Ethanol from starch/sugar 2000 Hydrocarbon Econ H 2 from SynGas SynGas Ethanol from cellulose 2020 Bio Oil - Pyrolysis 2030 Carbohydrate Economy Polygeneration of energy, chemicals and H 2 Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ( BIGCC) Limited experiences and further R&D needed From proof of concept to implementation Need specification and market for co-products (Adapted from Technology readily available Biofuel Biofuel Development Development

14 Target 2012 E10 : 10% of Ethanol in Gasoline B10 : 10% of Biodiesel in Diesel NGV : 20% of Transport Fuels

15 Royal Chitralada Projects 1985 : Ethanol from Molasses Unit 1995 : Expansion 2001 : Dehydration Units 2001 : Diesel-Palm (Refined) Several RD&D, Product Dev., Information Campaigns. Fleet Trials since : National Ethanol Policy 2007 : Gasohol 95 / Gasohol 91 in > 4000 Stations

16 Ethanol Program in Thailand Revival of National Ethanol Program since Government Policy in Sept Inspiration from development initiatives by HM King Bhumipol since 1970s and pilot plant since1985 Valuable experiences in technical/economic areas from Trindade s study and later from ISAF XIII in 2000 in Stockholm, hosted ISAFXIV in Phuket Thailand in International Member of Governor Ethanol Coalitions 1 st Country in Asia to announce National Policy for both Bioethanol( ) and Biodiesel ( )

17 Gasoline Price Baht/Lt. in Thailand 29 Gasohol95 B/Lt. Gasoline95 B/Lt Jan- 05 Feb- 05 Mar- 05 Apr- 05 May- 05 Jun- 05 Jul- 05 Aug- 05 Sep- 05 Oct- 05 Nov- 05 Dec- 05 Jan- 06 Feb- 06 Mar- 06 Apr- 06 May- 06 Jun- 06 Jul- 06 Aug- 06 Sep- 06 Oct- 06 Nov- 06 Dec- 06

18 ULG and Gasohol Price Structure at 18/2/ Total incentives to refiners = 2.49 B/L Of Gasohol95, = 24.9 B/L blending credit VAT MARKETING MARGIN CONSV. FUND OIL FUND (1) M. TAX B./LITRE TAX B./LITRE EX-REFIN. (AVG) ULG 95 GASOHOL95 ULG 91 GASOHOL91

19 Gasoline95 and Gasohol95(e10) Sales in Thailand 10 9 Gasoline95 Gasohol Million L itres /Day Jan- 05 Feb- 05 Mar- 05 Apr- 05 May- 05 Jun- 05 Jul- 05 Aug- 05 Sep- 05 Oct- 05 Nov- 05 Dec- 05 Jan- 06 Feb- 06 Mar- 06 Apr- 06 May- 06 Jun- 06 Jul- 06 Aug- 06 Sep- 06 Oct- 06 Nov- 06 Dec- 06

20 Source : N.Nattasomboon, Ethanol and Biofuels Asia 2006 Production Capacity Projected Demand for Domestic Use

21 Ethanol Production Capacity Sugar cane and Molasses 4 Existing Plants : 475 KL/d 18 Projects : 2.42 ML/d to come on line by 2008 Cassava 2 Existing Plants : 280 KL/d 29 Projects : 8.3 ML/d to come on line by 2008 Total Existing Production Capacity : 755 KL/d Projected Production Capacity in 2008 : 11.6 ML/d World number 3rd after Brazil and USA?

22 Thai-yuan Ethanol, cassava plant 130,000L/d, Konkaen Thailand

23 Thai Agro Energy Co. Ltd.150,000 L/d Molasses Ethanol, Supanburi, Thailand

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25 Biodiesel Program Royal Initiatives in 1985 Royal Guidance in November 2000 Demonstration of Diesel Palm (Refined) by Royal Fleets Eureka 2001 : HM The King s Initiatives Cabinet Res : Promotion of Biodiesel (Ester), Vegetable Oil blends Cabinet Res : palm oil plantation biodiesel admixture dual fuel & niche market scheme Cabinet Res B10 Mandate by 2012 Require 85 Biodiesel Plants for 8.5MLPD Output ต นแบบไบโอด เซลช มชน

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27 HRH Princess Sirindhorn : Openning Biodiesel

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30 Diesel and Biodiesel B5 Price Structure at 18/2/ Total incentives to refiners = 1.13 B/L of B5 Retail Price Diff = 0.5 B/L, Blending credit =22.26 B/L. Baht/Lt VAT MARKETING MARGIN CONSV. FUND OIL FUND (1) M. TAX TAX EX-REFIN H-DIESEL(0.035%S) Biodiesel (B5)

31 3 Plants with production capacity 600,000 L/d 400 stations selling B5 by PTT/BCP

32 HSD (left scale) and Biodiesel B5 (right scale) Sales in Thailand B5 KL/d HSD ML/d Jan-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Apr-06 May-06 Jun-06 Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan

33 Community Biodiesel Plant 3,000 L/d Chiangmai, Dept. of Alternative Energy Development

34 BCP Unit, 50,000 L/d

35 79 communtiy biodiesel units

36 >1 million Ha.

37 Community-Based Biodiesel Production To disseminate the Royal Initiatives on Sufficiency economy Practice and Bioenergy Project Project Site (Rangsit Canal #13,Saraburee)

38 Deserted Orange Plantations

39 Make-shift Farmer s house

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41 27 th Month

42 Project Activities lantation : KU SVO for Agriculture machine MTEC/ SKI / DOAE Oil extraction : MTEC Cake :solid pellet to gasifier Pilot Plant : MTEC/ TISTR 200 L/ Batch BDF for diesel engine : MTEC LCA :NSTDA Engine Performance / Environment, Materials compatability, Tribology & Wear& CorrosionValue added for by-product (Gly : MTEC/RCP

43 ต นปาล มแม พ นธ Golden Clone Tenera, จ

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45 Palm production (Fresh Fruit Bunch) Million tons/year CPO Production Malaysia : 15.4 M.Tons Indoneisa : 15 M.Tons Thailand : 1.2 M.Tons Nigeria : 0.8 M.Tons World Total : 35.5 M.Tons year

46 Area for Palm? In Rai (2.5rai=1Acre) Best 11,870,600 Moderate 84,129,901 Marginal 139,831,715 Unsuitable 30,432,620 Conservation Area พ นท ท งประเทศ

47 Climate and Soil for Palm Oil 2 Yrs Old, Pathumthani, NE of Bangkok, (Surat 1) 5 Yrs Old Palm in Krabi (Golden Tenera)

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49 Current Research Programs Integrated Bioenergy Community Concept (for acidic soil north of Bangkok) Upgrading and Standardization of BDF (joint project with AIST/TISTR) High Concentration BDF in Industrial and Agricultural Machines (joint project with AIST/TISTR/Siam Kubota/PTT/MOAC) Industrial BDF Process optimization (with Royal Thai Navy and TISTR/Bangchak Petroleum PLC) Small-size post-harvest equipment development

50 Future Research Needs Plant Oil Genetics / Yield Improvement Soil Improvement Drought-resistant Strains 2 nd and 3 rd Generation BDF (Solid Catalyst, Catalytic Cracking and BTL) Engine Performance / Material / Emissions Co-product Development Climate Change and CDM Policy and Socio-economic Impact

51 Conclusion Thailand is committed to Green & Clean Energy By 2012, Thailand should rise to world s 3 rd Ethanol Producer, World 3rd BDF Producer (after Malaysia, Indonesia) NSTDA will serve as National Excellence Center for Biomass Energy Co-operation with ASEAN, GMS Capacity Building AFTA & Joint Investment / carbon trading