Biofuelsin Thailand: A Leap toward Sustainability

Transcription

1 Biofuelsin Thailand: A Leap toward Sustainability Anurak Winitsorn, D.Eng. Researcher Petroleum Products and Alternative Fuels Research Department PTT Research and Technology Institute June 5, 2013 Renewable Energy Asia 2013 Page 1

2 Disclaimer The information contained in our presentation is intended solely for your personal reference only. In addition, such information contains projections and forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These views are based on assumptions subject to various risks and uncertainties. No assurance is given that future events will occur, that projections will be achieved, or that our assumptions are correct. Actual results may differ materially from those projected. Page 2

3 Outline PTT RTI Introduction Biofuels in Thailand Grand Challenges of Biofuels PTT Biofuels Development 3

4 Outline PTT RTI Introduction Biofuels in Thailand Grand Challenges of Biofuels PTT Biofuels Development 4

5 PTT RTIEvolution Mr. Tongchat Hongladaromp State Enterprise Mr. Anat Arbhabhirama Mr. Luen Krisnakri Mr. Pala Sookawesh High Performance State Enterprise Mr. Viset Choopiban PTT Public Company Mr. Prasert Bunsumpun Multi-National Company Mr. Pailin Chuchottaworn TAGNOC Research & Development Department (1981) Research & Development Center (1993) Research & Technology Institute (1997)

6 RTI Vision Vision Become a national Energy, Petroleum and Petrochemicals Research Institute to support the PTT Group and Government Policy by creating Business and Social Value through Innovation and Breakthrough Technologies with Environmental Consciousness Mission Research and Development on Energy, Petroleum and Petrochemicals Technology Provider for PTT Group Technological Knowledge Center for PTT Group Strategy Create Competitive Advantage through Differentiation throughout PTT Value Chain Networking / Collaboration / Partnership / Joint Venture / Alliance with Academic, Industry, Research Center Merger & Acquisition for the right-time business need

7 PTTRTI Organization Chart PTT RTI EVP Total Manpower 151 persons Petroleum Products and Alternative Fuels Research Department Energy Application Technique and Engine Lab Department Energy Efficiency, Conservation & Application Engine Lab NGV Research Research Facility Operation & Maintenance Environmental Research and Management Department Environment Assessment Treatment Technology Waste Utilization Research Planning and Management Department Research Planning & Project Management Analytical Technology & Knowledge Management Analytical Business Research Intellectual Property Management & Foreign Affairs RTI Quality, Safety, Health & Environment Division Fuel Transportation Lube Industrial Lube & Specialty Biofuel Process Technology Process Technology Research Department Catalyst Research Purification Technology Research Polymer Research Process Research Geo-science and Petroleum Engineering Research Department Unconventional Reservoir Exploitation Conventional Reservoir Exploitation Material & Chemistry for Asset Integrity Chemicals for Gas & Oil Field / Process PTT Innovation Park Construction Project Project Management Unit Engineering and Architecture Unit Construction unit

8 PTTRTI Area Outline in Wangnoi District, Ayutthaya Utility Building Biodiesel Pilot Plant Hydroprocessing Plant Engine Test Lab Fuel & Lube Lab Analytical Lab Process & Petrochemical Lab Central Building Wangnoi Training Center PTT Innovation Park Aerial photo from google.com

9 PTT Innovation Park Master Plan Utilities & Central Storage Cellulosic Ethanol Bio-Technology Polymer Processing Hazardous Energy Application Chemical Reaction

10 Outline PTT RTI Introduction Biofuels in Thailand Grand Challenges of Biofuels PTT Biofuels Development 10

11 Thailand government also have an ambitious alternative energy/fuel target Thailand s Alternative Energy Development Plan Source: Thailand's Renewable Energy and its Energy Future : Opportunities & Challenges, Ministry of Energy, August

12 PTT Role in Biofuels We continually support the government policy on promoting biofuels by introducing Gasohol to the market since We aim to increase PTT Blue Gasohol E20 over 600 station within this year Source: PTT

13 Gasohol and Benzene (Unit: MLPD) Gasohol Situation in March 2013 Gasohol Mar ประเทศ ปตท. ส วนแบ ง Gasohol % Gasohol % E % E % Total Gasohol % เบนซ น % เบนซ น % Total % รวมท งหมด % Ethanol price from EPPO on March 2013 = BPL Ethanol demand (MLPD) Thailand PTT Average % Ethanol 10.93% 11.31% PTT PTTRM Gasohol Gasohol E E There are 21 ethanol plants (capacity 3.89 MLPD; actual average production 2.63 MLPD) PTT is supplied from 16 producers (average supply 1.00 MLPD)

14 Situation of High-speed Diesel in February 2013 High-Speed Diesel (Unit: MLPD) March DIESEL Thailand PTT Market share B % B % Total % Demand B100 (MLPD) Thailand PTT Average diesel % B % 4.73% PTT* = PTT + PTTRM B0 = 0.55 B5 = B100 price (EPPO) March 2013 = BPL Current Situations : 16 plant of B100 (capacity 6.46 MLPD; actual average production 2.40 MLPD) PTT is supplied from 9 producers (average supply 1.00 MLPD) MOE defined that from 1 January 2012 onwards, the proportion of B100 in diesel fuel must not be less than 4.5 % and no higher than 5 %. MOE announced a new diesel fuel quality, which determines the proportion of B100 is not less than 3.5 to 5.0 percent by volume (from 4.5 to 5.0) and will be effective from 19 July From 1 Nov 2012, MOE adjusted scale of B100 mixing from 4.5 to 5.0 instead of 3.5 to 5.0 by volume. As of March 2013, the proportion of B100 in HSD equal to 5%.

15 Current Biofuel Options Biodiesel - Feedstock : Palm (CPO, RBDPO, Stearin, Used Cooking Oil, etc.) -Process: Transesterification Ethanol - Feedstock : Molasses, Sugarcane Juice, Cassava, Sweet Sorghum - Process : Ethanol Fermentation (Yeast) Biogas - Feedstock : Waste Water, Manure - Process : Anaerobic Digestion Bio-power/heat - Feedstock : Bagasse, Empty Fruit Bunch, Rice Husk, etc. - Process : Gasification + Steam Turbine/Boiler or Direct Combustion Page 15

16 Alternative Energy Development Plan ( ) Source: Ministry of Energy, 2012

17 Outline PTT RTI Introduction History of Biofuel in Thailand Grand Challenges of Biofuel PTT Biofuel Development 17

18 Challenge 1 : Scale and Feedstock Availability Since land and resources are limited, do we have land for more bioenergy? Item Total Area Land Water Arable Land Thailand 513,115 sq.km. (320,696,888 Rai) (51MM ha) 511,770 sq.km. 2,230 sq.km. 141,132 sq.km. (88,319,923 Rai) Item Palm (2007) Sugar Cane (2007) Rice (2006) Cassava (2007) Thailand 5,116 sq.km.(1% Land) (3,197,625 Rai) 9,931 sq.km. (2% Land) (6,207,000 Rai) 107,374 sq.km. (21% Land) (67,109,000 Rai) 11,966 sq.km. (2% Land) (7,479,000 Rai) 4 main crops 123,620 sq.km. (77,262,625 Rai) (88% of Arable Land) (15% of Total Area) Thailand dedicated 88% of Arable Land to 4 major crops For energy purpose, do we still have some rooms? Source: Office of Agricultural Economics Source: 18

19 Scale and Feedstock Availability Quick Calculations Plants To produce liquid biofuel 1,000 TPD Assume 1 kg biofuel comes from 10 kg feedstock 1 day requires 1,000T x 10 = 10,000 TPD Feedstocks Case of Rice Straw 1 rai (1,600 m2) produces 0.5T rice straw within 6 months Therefore, 1 day 10,000T 20,000 rai/day approx. 6,000,000 rai per 6 months required Thailand plants 60 million rai 10 plants maximum capacity 10,000 TPD potential However, how to manage to transport 10,000T of rice straw is another story. Set aside, the problem that we have to store feedstock for 3-7 days. 30,000 70,000T storage? Also, harvest/post harvest technologiesare also required for low cost transportation : Pelletization?, Drying?, Grinding?, Single-pass Harvesting, etc. Page 19

20 Challenge 2 : Better Environmental Impacts Cases : Bioethanol LCA The right configuration and energy source of biofuel production plant will results in good CO2 emission All global indirect GHG emission from biofuelsneed to be account such as Indirect Land Used Change (ILUC) Source: 20

21 Challenge 3 : Acceptability For acceptability, hydrocarbon biofuel will be more acceptable by OEMs, Refinery, and Users Currently, most oxygenated biofuel components are accepted widely by users 1 st Generation Oxygenated Biofuel 2 nd Generation Oxygenated Biofuel 2 nd Generation Hydrocarbon Biofuel Cost Lower (still higher than fossil counterparts) Higher Higher Scale Large Large Large GHGreduction Moderate (except sugarcane high) High Moderate Acceptability Upto some limits Upto some limits (Blend Wall) Full Status Fully commercialization (still developed) R&D and Pilot-scale Demonstration R&D and Pilot-scale Demonstration Examples Sugarcane ethanol Palm Biodiesel Cellulosic Ethanol/Butanol Jatropha Biodiesel SyntheticGreen Diesel/Gasoline (BTL) Jatropha/Algae BHD 21

22 Challenge 4 : Competitive Cost Typically, biofuel price is higher than its petroleum counterpart Price/Production cost ($/litre) 1.2 Biofuel production costs versus gasoline and diesel prices Biodiesel BioJoule 2030 ECN 2030 IEA Diesel Average IEA crude oil import price ($/bbl) Sugar -cane Maize Beet Wheat Animal fat Veg-oil Lignocellulosic FTsynthesis Gasoline Source : Boston Consulting Group Ethanol Biodiesel 1. Biodiesel from vegetable oil is always more expensive than petro-diesel 2. Ethanol is considered to be competitive with gasoline (Brazilian experience)

23 Challenge 4 : Competitive Cost (cont.) Progress has been made significantly, but the competitive one is yet to come ~4 USD/Gallon Reduction Source: GHG Emission Reductions With Industrial Biotechnology, WWF & Novozyme,

24 Outline PTT RTI Introduction History of Biofuel in Thailand Grand Challenges of Biofuel PTT Biofuel Development 24

25 PTT and 1 st Generation Biofuel PTT always support government policy on biofuel implementation Clearly in our business TOL and Bangchak Biofuel FAME production including Fatty Alcohol and Refined Glycerine Maesod Clean Energy and TOP Ethanol Ethanol production PTT Green Energy Palm Plantation and Palm Refinery in Indonesia PTT upgrades Biogas from Pig Farm for use in NGV Clearly in our products PTT Gasohol E10 plus, E20 plus, E85 plus PTT B3 and PTT Biodiesel B5 Plus PTT is also working on higher blend of biofuel mainly on diesel products 25

26 PTT and 2 nd / Advanced Generation Biofuel R&D is leading the way PTT Group is working on Advanced Biofuel Project i.e. Bio-Jet/BHD and 2nd Generation Ethanol PTT RTI: Investigating and Developing 2 nd generation biofuel technologies In order to address the 4 grand challenges, it is required to develop from feedstock through processing to product Feedstock Process Product 26

27 PTT Biofuel and Bioenergy R&D Program Overview Feedstock Process Product Biofuel Jatropha Microalgae Short Rotation Biomass Crop and Agricultural Residues (Higher yield, non-edible, non-arable land capable, low-input and sustainable are all required) and Logistics Management Bioenergy Cellulosic Ethanol FAEE Bio-hydrogenated Diesel / Bio-Jet BTL (Thermochemical Platform) ED 95 Diesohol Higher Blend of Biofuel mainly Diesel Product Bio - jet Biomass : Biomass Solid Fuel / Biomass Torrefaction and Pelletization Biogas : Compressed Bio-methane Gas (CBG) PUBLIC

28 Good Partnership

29 Microalgal Biofuel Technology Memorandum of Collaboration on the development of Microalgal Technology was signed by 6 Parties (PTT, CU, MU, KMUTT, BIOTEC (NSTDA), and TISTR) on 14 September 2010 MU KMUTT TISTR Screening and Optimization Cultivation and Harvesting BIOTEC-CU KMUTT TISTR PTT (pilot) BIOTEC-CU KMUTT MU Extraction Processing & Formulation PTTRTI with Partners, e.g. CU, KMUTT, TU, PPC, KMUTNB Under the MOC, we aim to commercialize the Microalgal Biofuel Technology by 2018 targeting both biofuel and key by-products.

30 Jatropha Curcas Partnership with Kasetsart University (4 months) Young Jatropha is fruiting Pilot Trial Year (gate) Crude Jatropha Oil (CJO) Bench/Pilot Size Assumptions 2012 (Gate 1) > 600 kg Oil/rai/y (plot trial) Multiple areas of pilot trial (~ 1 ha each) Oil yield 35% (1 st year yield should > 210 kg oil/rai/y)

31 Short Rotation Biomass and Logistics Short Rotation Biomass Low cost Short Rotation Biomass crops and plantation system are developed. Future Non-arable Land trial in Thailand and integrate with other biofuel process development (BTL, CE). Logistics Management Cost and logistics method was studied and concluded for rice straw and sugarcane leftover. Future plan is to have integrated model and system suitable for Thailand both ag. Residues and dedicated biomass crop.

32 Bio-hydrogenated Diesel / Bio-Jet Biomass At PTT RTI, we are investigating options for Biohydrogenated Diesel and Bio-Jet. ( both are hydrocarbon biofuel ) PTT RTI is working with our refinery group e.g. TOP, PTTAR, and IRPC for the Bio-Jet/BHD commercial project. PTT RTI is also investigating option to produce biooil suitable for existing refinery technology with multiple partners. Crude Bio-oil Pyrolysis Upgrading Product Separation Green Gasoline Pyrolytic Renewable Jet Green Diesel Others PTT RTI Hydrocarbon Pilot Plant for BHD and Bio-Jet Trial Source: UOP and PTT Internal Analysis

33 Cellulosic Ethanol Create cost reduction and value added technologies in producing bioethanol from Thai biomass Biochemical Platform Laboratory/Pilot Capabilities Multiple fermentors for optimization Mini-pilot fermentor for engineering data Biosensor for rapid measurement Bioprocess Simulation for design, scale-up and cost estimation Key Development 1. Low Severity Pretreatment Technology for Local Biomass (With TISTR) 2. Develop technologies for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) 3. Ethanol for agro-industrial waste (with Thai Oil Ethanol & PTT Green Energy) 4. Cellulosic Ethanol Pilot Plant at PTT-RTI (Construction in early 2012) PUBLIC

34 Key Facts about Current Alternative Fuel (Biofuel in particular) Liquid biofuel Currently produced from food derived feedstock In most cases, cost higher than its counterparts In general, give better environmental impacts especially CO2 reduction; some other impacts may be positive or negative case by case HC Biofuels(2 nd and higher generation biofuels) obtain more acceptable from OEMs More work on R&D have to be done to achieve new AEDP target

35 Thank you for your attention Anurak W. (Anurak Winitsorn, D. Eng.) Researcher PTT Research and Technology Institute PTT public company limited

36 Q&A SESSION