Optionen und Potentiale für Kraftstoffe von morgen Jens Müller-Belau (Deutsche Shell Holding GmbH)
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1 Sommerakademie 2018 Grundlagen der Energiewirtschaft Optionen und Potentiale für Kraftstoffe von morgen Jens Müller-Belau (Deutsche Shell Holding GmbH) 1
2 Agenda 1. Kontext 2. Kraftstoffe und ihre Anwendungsgebiete 3. CO 2 Bilanzierung 4. Zusammenfassung 2
3 1. Über Shell (in 2017) 3
4 1. Geschäftsbereiche von Shell 4
5 1. Antrieb und Kraftstoff bilden eine Einheit 5
6 1. Herausforderungen an die zukünftige Mobilität Access To Energy/Fuels Total Cost Of Ownership World Population Growth & Urbanisation Manage Transportation of Goods Reduction Of GHG & Local & Noise Emissions New Technology Options New Mobility Policy Changing Consumer Values & Social Acceptance 6
7 2. Traditionelle Kraftstoffe 7
8 2. Kraftstoffe und ihre Anwendung 8
9 2. Technische Bewertung der einzelnen Anwendungsgebiete (Stand: Heute) 9
10 2. Bio Kraftstoffe 1 Typical Biofuels First generation Second generation 2 Raw Material Examples for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) => Biodiesel (f) (a) (e) (b) (d) courtesy International Association of Seed Crushers Typical oilseed crops used to produce FAME (a)rapeseed, (b) soybean, (c) coconut, (d) corn, (e) sunflower seed, (f) groundnut (c) Wikipedia.com FAME produced from soybean oil 10
11 2. Gasförmige Kraftstoffe LNG CNG DISPENSING Cryogenically cooled to -162 C for dispensing and storage Compressed on site for dispensing and storage, typically 3,600 psi DISTRIBUTION Liquefied at an LNG plant where it is stored until being transported to fuel sites Existing natural gas pipeline and distribution system can be used for delivery to the site VEHICLE TANKS APPLICATION Stored on the vehicle in one or more cryogenic tanks at approx C Heavy Duty Engines (e.g. onroad ; off-road, marine) Stored on the vehicle in one or more cylinders at over 3,000 psi Light Duty Engines (e.g. passenger cars, vans) 11
12 2. Gas To Liquid Kraftstoff(GTL) 1 2 GTL CONVERTS GAS INTO HIGH QUALITY LIQUID PRODUCTS THE PRODUCT Natural Gas GTL plants process natural gas using Fischer-Tropsch process Products include transport fuels, lubricants, waxes and chemicals HIGH QUALITY, CLEAN, ODOURLESS VIRTUALLY FREE OF SULPHUR, NITROGEN AND AROMATICS READILY BIODEGRADABLE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY- FRIENDLY 3 CUSTOMER BENEFITS 4 PROVEN MARKET EXPERIENCE REDUCED LOCAL EMISSIONS DIRECTLY APPLICABLE In existing fleets CANAL BOATS WASTE COLLECTION BUSES RAIL LAST MILE DELIVERY STATIONARY POWER 12
13 2. Wasserstoff(H 2 ) 13
14 2. Optionen zur Verwendung von erneuerbarem Strom in der Mobilität ; Approximate compilation, calculated by Shell Long Range Research Team 14
15 2. Synthetische Kraftstoffe (PTX, e-fuels, ) 15
16 3. CO 2 Bilanzierung WtT* emissions: ~20% TtW** emissions: ~80% FUEL life cycle: Well-to-wheels GHG emissions (WtW) + VEHICLE life cycle Raw Material Vehicle assemblydistribution & Maintenance End of Life All phases ofthelife cyclemust be considered *WtT = Well-to-Tank **TtW = Tank-to-Wheels 16
17 3. CO 2 Vergleich unterschiedlicher Antrieb-Kraftstoff Kombinationen = Potential vehicle/fuel combination for low-carbon economy Well-to-tank Tank-to-wheel In all technologies significant vehicle efficiency improvements are included 1) Biofuel adjusted 2) With 30% electric driving 3) If NG is produced via power-to-gas from renewable electricity TTW = 0 Source: Integrated Fuels and Vehicles Roadmap to 2030+, Roland Berger
18 3. Konzept der Anrechenbarkeit von Synthetischen Kraftstoffen Notes: Assumption on fuels GHG intensity based on JEC WtW Study v and expert input. Assumptions on fuel consumption are based on real world figures by ICCT 2014 for a C-segment vehicle. Electricity: Back-up power causes some additional GHG emissions. Only zero for purely decarbonized or renewable electricity. PTL: long distance transport from MENA to Europe assumed. 18
19 4. Übersicht: Potentielle Pfade zur CO 2 - freien Mobilität auf der Straße 19
20 4. Shell istmehralseinöl-und Gas Unternehmen auch in Deutschland GTL Fuels for B2B Customers (Marine & Road) 500 ultra-fast charge posts with IONITY in next 2 years Fast charge posts at Shell Retail Sites LNG offer at Shell Retail (and Marine) CNG fully integrated into Retail Station 1G and 2G Biofuels (e.g. Raizen JV) Hydrogen Infrastructure (e.g. H2 Mobility) NewMotion part of the Shell Group 20
21 4. Zusammenfassung Die Dekarbonisierung bzw. die Defossilisierung der Kraftstoffe muss und wird weiter fortschreiten. Trotzdem werden fossile Energieträger über die nächsten Jahrzehnte wichtig bleiben. Eine Bewertung der CO 2 Minderung muss über die gesamte Bilanzkette erfolgen, um nachhaltige Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Getrieben durch das Angebot an Antriebssträngen, wird es zumindest mittelfristig ein breiteres Portfolio an Kraftstoffen geben. Alle Kraftstoffe an allen Stationen ist auch längerfristig unwahrscheinlich. Kundenakzeptanz und Bedarf sind jedoch die treibenden Kräfte, wenn es um die Verfügbarkeit / Bereitstellung geht. Übergreifende Zusammenarbeit ist essentiell, um die Markt- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit für CO 2 -ärmere Lösungen voranzutreiben. 21
22 Vielen Dank! Q & A Session August
23 Glossary Akronym Bedeutung Akronym Bedeutung 1G : Erste Generation Bio Fuels HVO : Hydro Treated Vegetable Oil 2G : Zweite Generation Bio-Kraftstoffe ICCT : International Council on Clean Transportation BEV : Batterie Electric Vehicle ICE : Internal Combustion Engine BTL : Biogas To Liquid JEC : Consortium of JRC, EUCAR, CONCAWE CCS : Carbon Capture and Storage JRC : Joint Research Center of the European Commission CH 3 OH : Methanol LNG : Liquified Natural Gas CI : Compressed Ignition (Combustion) => Dieselmotor LPG : Liquified Petroleum Gas CNG : Compressed Natural Gas MENA : Middle East and North Africa region CO 2 : Kohlendioxid N 2 : Stickstoff CONCAWE : Research Association of the European Oil Refining Industry NG : Natural Gas CTL : Coal To Liquid NO X : Stickoxide DAC : Direct Air Capture O 2 : Sauerstoff DME : Dimethylether PHEV : Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle EUCAR : European Council für Automotive Research and Development PtCH 4 : Power to Methan FAME : Fatty Acid Methyl Ester PTG : Power To Gas FCEV : Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle PTL : Power To Liquid FCV : Fuel Cell Vehicle PTX : Power To X (X kann für alles stehen) FH : Full Hybrid REEV : Range Extended Electric Vehicle GHG : Green House Gas SI : Spark Ingnition (Combustion) => Ottomotor GTL : Gas To Liquid SNG : Synthetic Natural Gas H 2 : Wasserstoff TCO : Total Cost of Ownership HC : Hydrocarbon TTW : Tank To Wheel HCCI : Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition WTT : Whell To Tank HEV : Hybrid Electric Vehicle WTW : Whell To Wheel 23
24 Kontakt Jens Müller-Belau Energy Transition Manager Deutsche Shell Holding GmbH Suhrenkamp D Hamburg, Germany Telefon: +49 (0) Mobil: +49 (0) August
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