Self-Propelled Oil Droplets Consuming Fuel Surfactant
|
|
- Alannah Chapman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Supporting Information Self-Propelled Oil Droplets Consuming Fuel Surfactant Taro Toyota,, Naoto Maru, Martin M. Hanczyc, Takashi Ikegami and Tadashi Sugawara,* Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo , Japan. Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba , Japan. Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. Department of General Systems Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo , Japan. Materials. 4-octylaniline was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan) and used immediately after distillation under reduced pressure (b.p. = 125 o C). Other commercially available reagents and solvents were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. (Tokyo, Japan) and were used without further purification. Synthesis of N-(4-[3-[trimetylammonio]ethoxy]benzylidene)-4-octylaniline bromide 1. 2-(4-Formylphenoxy)ethyltrimethylammonium bromide (300mg: 1.04 mmol), 4-octylaniline (258 mg: 1.25 mmol) and triethylamine (52.6 mg: mmol) were dissolved in dehydrated MeOH (5 ml) and heated to reflux (85 C) for 50 h. After cooling the reaction mixture, diethylether was poured into the solution until white solids precipitated. The precipitates were isolated by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to give 1 as a white solid (88 % yield). 1 H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl 3, TMS): δ 8.40 (1H, s, -CH=N-), 7.87 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, Ar-H), (4H, m, Ar-H), 7.01 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, Ar-H) 4.58 (2H, br, -CH 2 -), 4.39 (2H, br, -CH 2 -), 3.62 (9H, s, -CH 3 ), 2.61 (2H, t, J = 7.7 Hz, -CH 2 -), (2H, m, -CH 2 -), (10H, m, -CH 2 -), 0.88 (3H, t, J = 6.8 Hz, -CH 3 ). 13 C NMR (67.8 MHz, CDCl 3, TMS): δ 159.0, 158.0, 149.2, 140.7, 130.7, 130.4, 129.0, 120.6, 114.6, 64.9, 62.5, 54.7, 35.5, 31.9, 31.6, 29.5, 29.4, 29.3, 22.7, Methods. Optical microscopic observation of oil droplet dynamics. An aqueous dispersion of fuel surfactant 1 (20 mm of N-(4-[3-[trimetylammonio]ethoxy] benzylidene)-4-octylaniline bromide) was prepared by an ultrasonication method. Oil droplets were prepared from an emulsion of 4-octylaniline 2 containing fluorescent catalyst 4 [Synthesis of 4 is described elsewhere (T. Toyota et al., Langmuir 2008, 24, )] by agitating 100-µL of miliq water with 1-µL of the oily mixture of 2 and 4 (1:0.05, molar ratio). Immediately after mixing the fuel surfactant solution with an equal volume of the suspension containing oil droplets and encasing the mixture into a thin glass-chamber (spacer thickness = ca. 290 µm, MJ Research Inc., Waltham), we carried out a real-time observation of the dynamics of micrometer-sized oil droplets at 23 ± 1 o C under a phase contrast and fluorescence microscope (IX70, Olympus, Japan), equipped with filters (λex, nm; λem, > 515 nm), a CCD camera (JK-TU52H, TOSHIBA, Japan) and a video recording system (WV-9, Sony, Japan). S1
2 Figure S1. Figure S1. Phase contrast micrograph and fluorescence micrograph [filters: λex, nm; λem, >515 nm] of a self-propelled oil droplet with tiny waste droplets on the posterior surface of the oil droplet. The white arrow in each micrograph shows the direction of the motion. The fluorescence image shows the tiny waste droplets do not contain the fluorescent catalyst. S2
3 Figure S2. Figure S2. (a) Phase contrast micrograph of a self-propelled droplet (indicated by orange arrow) with waste droplets on one side. A non-moving droplet adhered on the glass substrate is also shown (indicated by black arrow). This micrograph is a still image synthesized from the real-time captured of the self-propelled droplet (see Supporting Information video). (b, c, d, e) Superimposed time-course images synthesized from the real-time captured video of the self-propelled droplet. Each image is synthesized from sequential 5 still frames (captured in 1/30 s per frame) of the video. These images show the motion of the self-propelled droplet and its inner convection observed at the same focal plane of the center of the self-propelled droplet. Orange circles correspond to the center of the self-propelled droplet, black filled circle to the center of the non-moving droplet, and black open circles to some inner structures (likely water pockets) observed at the same focal plane of the center of the self-propelled droplet. Gray dotted-line shows the outline of the self-propelled droplet at the beginning and ending stage for each period of time. These pictures indicate that the self-propelled droplets have internal structures that exhibit a convective flow, being commensurate with the direction of the self-propelled motion. S3
4 Figure S Remaining percentage of precursor, % Time / min Figure S3. Consumption of precursor 1 through its hydrolysis in a 10-mM aqueous solution in the presence of 2-µL oil droplet of 2 containing 5 mol % of catalyst 4 at 23 ± 1 o C (open circles, triangles, or squares correspond to independent runs). At first, calibration curves of a methanol solution containing 1, 2 and 3 ([1]/[2]/[3] = 50/0/0, 35/15/15/, 25/25/25, 15/35/35, 0/50/50 (µm)) as representative compositions of the reaction mixture were drawn by measuring the light absorbance at 321 nm, which is assigned to the biphenylazomethine moiety of 1. We prepared samples of the reaction mixture which were then diluted with methanol and this absorbance measured as a function of time and each conversion of the precursor was determined using this calibration curves. This data were then plotted as the remaining percentage of 1 in the aqueous reaction mixture. The fact that the fuel is hydrolyzed with the half life-time of ca. 50 min at 23 ± 1 o C corresponds to the microscopically determined life time of ca. 1 h for the self-motion of the oil droplets. S4
5 Figure S4. Figure S4. Phase contrast micrograph of oil droplets of 2 containing 5 mol % of catalyst 4 in a 20-mM solution of a non-reactive surfactant, n-tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB). TTAB has the same trimethylammonium polar head as fuel surfactant 1 and the length of alkyl chain of TTAB is similar to that of the lipophilic part of 1. Most of the droplets (pale orange structures), being adhered on the surface of the glass chamber, and did not show any self-propelled motion. They gradually dissolved and produced giant multilamellar vesicles. Since an equimolar mixture of TTAB and 2 formed giant multilamellar vesicles in water (10 mm), it is reasonable to suspect that giant multilamellar vesicles, consisting of both TTAB and 2 (and 4), emerged in the dispersion. S5
6 Figure S5. Figure S5. Superimposed time-course micrograph of an internal convective flow of particles (indicated by open circles) inside of 1-µL oil droplet of 2 (with 5 mol % of 4) which was completely adhered on a glass surface; time interval = 2 s. The convective flow inside of the still oil droplet (diameter ~ 2.0 mm) was activated by introduction of 10-mM aqueous solution of 1 through a micropipette (inner diameter = 0.5 mm) located at ca. 0.5 mm away from the oil surface. The convective flow in the vicinity of the micropipette was directed toward its apex, however the oil surface, being away from the apex of the micropipette, did not show any internal convective flow. Since the internal convective flow of a selfpropelled oil droplet with its diameter of ca. 50 µm is commensurate with the movement direction (see the main text and Supporting Information video), a gradient of fuel may be one of the factors determining the direction of such self-propelled oil droplet. S6
7 Figure S Initial velocity / µm s Diameter / µm Figure S6. Dot-plot diagram of initial velocity vs. diameter of self-propelled oil droplet of 2 (containing 4) in a 20-mM solution of fuel surfactant 1, which was observed under the phase contrast microscope. Because it was difficult to measure the precise velocity of oil droplets in the threedimensional space by the micrographs, we defined here the velocity of the oil droplet as the travel distance of the center of the self-propelled oil droplet per second, provided that the movement was restricted in a quasi-2d plane due to the shallow depth of the cell. It apparently indicates that the larger oil droplets are, the faster they swim. Since the surface area difference of the leading edge and the trailing edge of the oil droplets is related to their sizes, the velocity of the self-propelled oil droplets is approximately proportional to the surface area difference. Therefore, one can elucidate that the driving force of self-movement of the oil droplets in the current system is related to the difference of interfacial energy around the oil droplet. On the other hand, if the real-time observation of dynamics of the oil droplets of 2 (4) was conducted in a high concentration of 1 (60 mm), they exhibited random motions (see Supporting Information video). No waste droplets were observed at the trailing edge of selfpropelled oil droplets and the internal convection of the oil droplet was also random. This is because the formed waste droplets were likely dissolved in a high concentration of 1 so quickly that the asymmetrical structure could not last enough to fix the direction of the self-propelled motion. It may be deduced from these results that the direction for the self-propelled motion is related to the structure with one-sided burden of wastes on the oil droplets. S7
8 Real-time captured videos. We have attached five video files (named as sugawara_video_01.mpg, sugawara_video_02.mpg, sugawara_video_03.mpg, sugawara_video_04.mpg and sugawara_video_05.mpg ) of self-propelled oil droplets in 20-mM dispersion of precursor 1, and one video file (named as sugawara_video_06.mpg ) of self-propelled oil droplets in 60-mM dispersion of precursor 1, which were captured by a CCD camera (JK-TU52H, TOSHIBA, Japan) and a recorder (WV-DR9, SONY, Japan) equipped on a phase contrast microscope. One video file named as sugawara_video_07.mpg shows the activation of the internal convective flow inside of the fixed oil droplet under a differential interference contrast microscope (IX71, Olympus, Japan) equipped with the same CCD camera and the same recording system. All these videos were in real-time speed. sugawara_video_01.mpg: Repelling motion of two approaching oil droplets. sugawara_video_02.mpg: Turning-together-motion of two approaching oil droplets. sugawara_video_03.mpg: Dissolution of waste droplets via. transformation into giant vesicles. sugawara_video_04.mpg: Stopping of a self-propelled motion of an oil droplet fully covered by waste droplets. sugawara_video_05.mpg: Synchronization of the convection of the inner structure with the direction of a self-propelled motion. sugawara_video_06.mpg: Random motion of oil droplets in the 60-mM dispersion of precursor 1. sugawara_video_07.mpg: Activation of the internal convective flow inside of the fixed oil droplet. S8
4025 Synthesis of 2-iodopropane from 2-propanol
4025 Synthesis of 2-iodopropane from 2-propanol OH I + 1/2 I 2 + 1/3 P x + 1/3 P(OH) 3 C 3 H 8 O (60.1) (253.8) (31.0) C 3 H 7 I (170.0) (82.0) Classification Reaction types and substance classes nucleophilic
More informationAmbident Reactivites of Pyridone Anions. Table of Contents
-Supporting Information- J. Am. Chem. Soc. Ambident Reactivites of Pyridone Anions Martin Breugst and Herbert Mayr Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Butenandtstraße 5-13 (Haus
More information4001 Transesterification of castor oil to ricinoleic acid methyl ester
4001 Transesterification of castor oil to ricinoleic acid methyl ester castor oil + MeH Na-methylate H Me CH 4 (32.0) C 19 H 36 3 (312.5) Classification Reaction types and substance classes reaction of
More informationSupplementary Information for A library-screening approach to developing a fluorescent sensing array for the detection of metal ions
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analyst. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supplementary Information for A library-screening approach to developing a fluorescent sensing array
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Engineering of Thiocyanate-free Ru(II) Sensitizers for High Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Sheng-Wei Wang a, Kuan-Lin Wu a,b, Elham Ghadiri b, Maria Grazia Lobello c, Shu-Te
More informationBiodiesel. As fossil fuels become increasingly expensive to extract and produce, bio-diesel is
Aaron Paternoster CHEM 380 10D Prof. Laurie Grove January 30, 2015 Biodiesel Introduction As fossil fuels become increasingly expensive to extract and produce, bio-diesel is proving to be an economically
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dace Rasina, a Aurora Lombi, a Stefano Santoro, a Francesco Ferlin, a and Luigi Vaccaro*
More informationHeterogeneous Palladium-Catalysed Catellani Reaction in Biomass-Derived γ-valerolactone
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Heterogeneous Palladium-Catalysed Catellani Reaction in Biomass-Derived γ-valerolactone
More informationFirst example of alkyl-aryl Negishi cross-coupling in flow: Mild, efficient and clean introduction of functionalized alkyl groups.
First example of alkyl-aryl Negishi cross-coupling in flow: Mild, efficient and clean introduction of functionalized alkyl groups. Brecht Egle, Juan de M. Muñoz, Nerea Alonso, Jesús Alcázar,* Wim M. De
More informationMetathesis Catalysts
A Standard System of Characterization for Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Tobias Ritter, Andrew Hejl, Anna G. Wenzel, Timothy W. Funk, Robert H. Grubbs* Supporting Information Table of contents Table of contents...
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information (ESI ) Mannitol based phase selective supergelator offers a simple, viable and greener method to
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI ) Mannitol based phase selective supergelator offers a simple, viable and greener method to combat marine oil spills Annamalai Prathap and Kana M. Sureshan* Materials
More informationHeating Methods. Reflux and Distillation
Heating Methods Reflux and Distillation Heating Methods Reflux Distillation Reflux You will use this next lab for the synthesis of aspirin not in this lab experiment Heating the reaction contents without
More informationLee A. Fielding*, Matthew Derry, Vincent Ladmiral, Julien Rosselgong, Aurélie M. Rodrigues, Liam Ratcliffe, Shinji Sugihara and Steven P.
Supporting Information for RAFT Dispersion Polymerization in Non-Polar Solvents: Facile Production of Block Copolymer Spheres, Worms and Vesicles in n-alkanes Lee A. Fielding*, Matthew Derry, Vincent Ladmiral,
More informationElectronic Supplementary information
Electronic Supplementary information C-H Functionalization of Tertiary Amines by Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions: Solvent-Free Synthesis of α-amino Nitriles and β-nitro Amines under Aerobic Condition
More informationExperiment 4 - A Small Scale Synthesis of Biodiesel
Experiment 4 - A Small Scale Synthesis of Biodiesel Biodiesel has gained a lot of attention over the past decade because of its use as an alternative to fossil fuels for automobiles and trucks. Biodiesel
More informationSynthesis of Biphenyl-Based Arsine Ligands by Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling and their Application to Pd-Catalyzed Arsination
Synthesis of Biphenyl-Based Arsine Ligands by Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling and their Application to Pd-Catalyzed Arsination Paula M. Uberman, Mario N. Lanteri, Sol C. Parajón Puenzo and Sandra E. Martín* INFIQC,
More informationSome Basic Questions about Biodiesel Production
Some Basic Questions about Biodiesel Production Jon Van Gerpen Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of Idaho 2012 Collective Biofuels Conference Temecula, CA August 17-19, 2012
More informationCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT STUDY
57 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT STUDY 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW Biodiesel have been processed from various plant derived oil sources including both Edible and Non-Edible oils. But,
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Cu(II)-Catalyzed Domino Reaction of 2H-Azirines with Diazotetramic and Diazotetronic Acids. Synthesis of 2-Substituted 2H-1,2,3-Triazoles Nikolai V. Rostovskii, a Mikhail S. Novikov,
More informationSynthesis, biological evaluations and molecular modelling of new. analogs of the anti-cancer agent
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 215 Synthesis, biological evaluations and molecular modelling of new analogs of the anti-cancer
More informationA Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor for Conducting. High Temperature and High Pressure Chemical Reactions
A Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor for Conducting High Temperature and High Pressure Chemical Reactions Supporting Information Jennifer M. Sauks, 1,2 Debasis Mallik, 2 Yuri Lawryshyn, 1 Timothy P. Bender,
More informationMeasures against Incineration Problems Caused by Clogging of White Smoke Prevention Preheater
Measures against Incineration Problems Caused by Clogging of White Smoke Prevention Preheater M. Hayasaka Water Quality Section, Plant Management Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Sewerage Service Corporation,
More informationWhat s s in your Tank?
What s s in your Tank? Biodiesel Could Be The Answer! Matthew Brown Lakewood High School Tom Hersh Golden West Community College Overview What is biodiesel? Chemistry of biodiesel Safety Making Biodiesel
More informationPIV ON THE FLOW IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER
PIV ON THE FLOW IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER APPLICATION NOTE PIV-016 The study and optimization of the flow of exhaust through a catalytic converter is an area of research due to its potential in increasing
More informationOptimized Method for Analysis of Commercial and Prepared Biodiesel using UltraPerformance Convergence Chromatography (UPC 2 )
Optimized Method for Analysis of Commercial and Prepared Biodiesel using UltraPerformance Convergence Chromatography (UPC 2 ) Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani, 1 Giorgis Isaac, 2 and Larry T. Taylor 1 1 Department
More informationProduction of Biodiesel from Used Groundnut Oil from Bosso Market, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Production of Biodiesel from Used Groundnut Oil from Bosso Market, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria Alabadan B.A. Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Federal University, Oye Ekiti. Ajayi
More informationTULSION BIODIESEL PRODUCTION: WET VS. DRY WHICH METHOD SHOULD YOU USE?
TULSION BIODIESEL PRODUCTION: WET VS. DRY WHICH METHOD SHOULD YOU USE? T-45 BD & T-45 BD Macro Background: Biodiesel fuel, a proven alternative to petroleum diesel, is commonly made via a transesterification
More informationGeneral Guide of Lubricants Recycle
General Guide of Lubricants Recycle This paper is a disscution on waste/used lubricating oil recycling. For Equipment & Solution Enquiry: solution@wpenvironmental.com For More Information: www.wpenvironmental.com
More informationProduction of Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Soya bean Cooking Oil by Alkali Trans-esterification Process
Current World Environment Vol. 11(1), 260-266 (2016) Production of Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Soya bean Cooking Oil by Alkali Trans-esterification Process Ajinkya Dipak Deshpande*, Pratiksinh Dilipsinh
More informationPulverized Coal Ignition Delay under Conventional and Oxy-Fuel Combustion Conditions
Pulverized Coal Ignition Delay under Conventional and Oxy-Fuel Combustion Conditions Christopher Shaddix, Yinhe Liu, Manfred Geier, and Alejandro Molina Combustion Research Facility Livermore, CA 94550
More informationHYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY AQUEOUS-PHASE REFORMING OF GLYCEROL FROM THE BIODIESEL MANUFACTURING
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY AQUEOUS-PHASE REFORMING OF GLYCEROL FROM THE BIODIESEL MANUFACTURING * J. Arauzo, A. Valiente, M.Oliva, J. Ruiz, L.García Thermoical Processes Group (GPT), Aragon Institute for Engineering
More informationBiodiesel Unit Lesson 2
Terminal Objective 2: produce biodiesel Biodiesel Unit Lesson 2 Performance Objective 2: Given unused cooking oil, necessary equipment and chemicals, produce biodiesel that is free of soap, dry, and ready
More informationSupporting Information
1 Studies toward bivalent κ opioids derived from salvinorin A: heteromethylation of the furan ring reduces affinity. Thomas A. Munro, Wei Xu, Douglas M. o, Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen and Bruce M. Cohen. Supporting
More informationA Feasibility Study on Production of Solid Fuel from Glycerol and Agricultural Wastes
International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies http://www.tuengr.com,
More informationThe synthesis of the 2,3-difluorobutan-1,4-diol diastereomers
Supporting Information The synthesis of the,3-difluorobutan-,4-diol diastereomers for Robert Szpera, Nadia Kovalenko, Kalaiselvi Natarajan, Nina Paillard and Bruno Linclau* Address: Chemistry, University
More informationFULL AUTOMATIC ASPHALTENE ANALYZER APD-500A USER S GUIDE
FULL AUTOMATIC ASPHALTENE ANALYZER APD-500A USER S GUIDE Please read this manual carefully to ensure correct use of this analyzer before you start to use it. COSMO TRADE & SERVICE CO., LTD. TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationHydrocracking of atmospheric distillable residue of Mongolian oil
Hydrocracking of atmospheric distillable residue of Mongolian oil Ts.Tugsuu 1, Sugimoto Yoshikazu 2, B.Enkhsaruul 1, D.Monkhoobor 1 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM, PO Box-46/574, Ulaanbaatar
More informationDRAFT PROPOSAL FOR THE INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPOEIA: CARBAMAZEPINUM - CARBAMAZEPINE
December 2015 Draft document for comment 1 2 3 4 5 6 DRAFT PROPOSAL FOR THE INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPOEIA: CARBAMAZEPINUM - CARBAMAZEPINE (December 2015) REVISED DRAFT FOR COMMENT Should you have any comments
More informationDirect transesterification of lipids from Microalgae by acid catalyst
Direct transesterification of lipids from Microalgae by acid catalyst Chemistry Concepts: Acid catalysis; direct transesterification Green Chemistry Topics Alternate energy sources; renewable feedstocks;
More informationXylan Reinforcement on Poplar Cellulose Nanowhiskers films
Xylan Reinforcement on Poplar Cellulose Nanowhiskers films Qining Sun Prof. Art Ragauskas Group School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute of Paper Science and Technology 1 Hemicellulose Lignin Cellulose
More informationIntroduction During a time of foreign fuel dependency and high green house gas emissions, it is
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga MOLAR RATIO STUDY FOR THE REACTION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS WITH METHANOL TO FORM FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS OR BIODIESEL FUEL by Trip Dacus ENCH 435 Course: Ench435 Section:
More informationa) Solution of 53.5 g L -1 of Triton TM X-100. Solution without Triton TM X-100
S-1 The sensitivity factors (S i ) were calculated according to the Eq. (S1), where C IS is the concentration of the internal standard (100 mg L -1 of gallium), N i is the net pulse number of counts in
More informationModel Comparison with Experiments. 341 N. Science Park Road State College, PA U.S.A.
Model Comparison with Experiments 41 N. Science Park Road State College, PA 168 U.S.A. www.ecpowergroup.com AutoLion TM : Unprecedented Accuracy in Capturing Liion Battery Performance Voltage (V) Temperature
More informationProject Reference No.: 40S_B_MTECH_007
PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM DAIRY WASH WATER SCUM THROUGH HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TBC DIESEL ENGINE FOR DIFFERENT DIESEL AND METHANOL BLEND RATIOS Project Reference No.: 40S_B_MTECH_007
More informationTowards a Biodiesel-based Biorefinery: Chemical and Physical Properties of Reactively Extracted Rapeseed (Canola)
Towards a Biodiesel-based Biorefinery: Chemical and Physical Properties of Reactively Extracted Rapeseed (Canola) Yilong Ren, Adam Harvey and Rabitah Zakaria School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced
More informationWastewater Treatment Facilities: A Source of Oil for Producing Biodiesel Rafael Hernandez and Todd French Mississippi State University Dave C.
Wastewater Treatment Facilities: A Source of Oil for Producing Biodiesel Rafael Hernandez and Todd French Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering Biodiesel Industry: Present
More informationOptimization of the Temperature and Reaction Duration of One Step Transesterification
Optimization of the Temperature and Reaction Duration of One Step Transesterification Ding.Z 1 and Das.P 2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, National university
More informationDRAFT PROPOSAL FOR THE INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPOEIA: CARBAMAZEPINUM - CARBAMAZEPINE
July 2015 Draft document for comment 1 2 3 4 5 6 DRAFT PROPOSAL FOR THE INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPOEIA: CARBAMAZEPINUM - CARBAMAZEPINE (July 2015) DRAFT FOR COMMENT Should you have any comments on the attached
More informationCrude Oil Compatibility
Crude Oil Compatibility Irwin (Irv) Wiehe Soluble Solu COQG Meeting Houston, Texas October 2, 2003 Irv@SolubleSolu.com www.solublesolu.com Including Fouling Tendency in Crude Oil Purchase Decisions Irwin
More informationBiodiesel production from waste vegetable oils over MgO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst
Biodiesel production from waste vegetable oils over MgO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst Thembi Sithole 1, a, Kalala Jalama 1,b and Reinout Meijboom 2,c 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg,
More informationReformate Desulfurization for Logistic
Reformate Desulfurization for Logistic SOFC Power Systems Hongyun Yang 1, Troy Barron 1 and Bruce Tatarchuk 2 1. IntraMicron Inc., 368 Industry Drive, Auburn, AL, 36832 2. Dept. of Chem. Eng., Auburn University,
More information4. Synthesis of Biodiesel from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate. Research Article
4. Synthesis of Biodiesel from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Research Article Abstract Tarun Kataria Third Year Bachelor of Technology Department of Oils, Oleochemicals & Surfactant Technology Palm fatty
More informationMethanol distribution in amine systems and its impact on plant performance Abstract: Methanol in gas treating Methanol impact on downstream units
Abstract: Presented at the AIChE Spring 2015 meeting in Austin, TX, USA Methanol distribution in amine systems and its impact on plant performance Anand Govindarajan*, Nathan A. Hatcher, and Ralph H. Weiland
More informationPipelines & Flow Assurance
Pipelines & Flow Assurance Jamie Littler Technical Disciplines and Assurance Manager Shell UK Flow Assurance Wax Study on the Ravn Field Production System Wood Group Kenny: Hooman Haghighi, Jamie Littler,
More informationSupplementary file S1 Individual co-plot of V-slope and lactate curve
Supplementary file S1 Individual co-plot of V-slope and lactate curve Figure legend Open triangles represent resting and warm-up lactate values. Each triangle is the mean of 2 values; the mean first and
More informationWM 07 Conference, February 25 March 1, 2007, Tucson, AZ. Evaluation of Glass Fiber Hepa Filters as a Function of Media Velocity
Evaluation of Glass Fiber Hepa Filters as a Function of Media Velocity S. L. Alderman, M.S. Parsons, K.U. Hogancamp, C.A. Waggoner Mississippi State University, Institute for Clean Energy Technology Starkville,
More informationNEDO Biodiesel Production Process by Supercritical Methanol Technologies. Shiro Saka
November 22, 2006 (9:30-9:45) The 2nd Joint International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Development (SEE2006) Bangkok, Thailand NEDO Biodiesel Production Process by Supercritical Methanol Technologies
More informationI. Ježek et al. Correspondence to: I. Ježek and G. Močnik
Supplement of Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 1, 1 1, 01 http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/1/1/01/ doi:.1/acpd-1-1-01-supplement Author(s) 01. CC Attribution.0 License. Supplement of Black carbon, particle
More informationCavitating Flow in a Model Diesel Injector Return Valve
Introduction Cavitating Flow in a Model Diesel Injector Return Valve 1 Alberto Bonifacio; 1 Russel Lockett*, Richard Price 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, City, University of London,
More informationBiodiesel production from Waste Vegetable Oil over SnO 2 /ZrO 2 Catalysts S. Dlambewu, E. Vunain, R. Meijboom, K. Jalama
Biodiesel production from Waste Vegetable Oil over SnO 2 /ZrO 2 Catalysts S. Dlambewu, E. Vunain, R. Meijboom, K. Jalama Abstract The catalytic properties of ZrO 2 -supported SnO 2 for the conversion of
More informationSynthesis of renewable diesel range alkanes by hydrodeoxygenation of furans over Ni/Hβ under mild condition
Supporting Information Synthesis of renewable diesel range alkanes by hydrodeoxygenation of furans over Ni/Hβ under mild condition Guangyi Li, a,b Ning Li, *a Jinfan Yang, a,b Lin Li, a Aiqin Wang, a Xiaodong
More informationKF-loaded mesoporous Mg-Fe bi-metal oxides: high performance transesterification catalysts for biodiesel production
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) KF-loaded mesoporous Mg-Fe bi-metal oxides: high performance transesterification catalysts for biodiesel production Guiju Tao, a Zile Hua,* a Zhe Gao, b Yan Zhu,
More informationUSES FOR RECYCLED OIL
USES FOR RECYCLED OIL What happens to your recycled used oil? Used oil, or 'sump oil' as it is sometimes called, should not be thrown away. Although it gets dirty, used oil can be cleaned of contaminants
More informationInterfacial Phenomena in the Processes of Biodiesel Productions from Sunflower Oil and Waste Cooking Oil In Alkaline Methanol Phase
World Congress on Oils and Fats 2009 01 Interfacial Phenomena in the Processes of Biodiesel Productions from Sunflower Oil and Waste Cooking Oil In Alkaline Methanol Phase Ikeda, N., Guan, G., Kusakabe,
More informationDispersed Water in Jet Turbine Fuels: Negating the Effect on Particle Counting
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: 5 September 13 Dispersed Water in Jet Turbine Fuels: Negating the Effect on Particle Counting PARTICULATE IN JET FUELS WHY IS MEASUREMENT SO IMPORTANT? The issue of particulate contamination
More informationEmission Analysis Of The Biodiesel From Papaya And Chicken Blends
Research Paper Volume 2 Issue 7 March 2015 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 Emission Analysis Of The Biodiesel From Paper ID IJIFR/ V2/ E7/ 059 Page No.
More informationDr. Jim Henry, P.E. Professor of Engineering University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Avenue Chattanooga, TN Dr.
Aubrey Gunter Green Team - Distillation College of Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Avenue Chattanooga, TN 37421 To: Dr. Jim Henry, P.E. Professor of
More informationTesting Of Fluid Viscous Damper
Testing Of Fluid Viscous Damper Feng Qian & Sunwei Ding, Jingjing Song Shanghai Research Institute of Materials, China Dr. Chien-Chih Chen US.VF Corp, Omni Device, China SUMMARY: The Fluid Viscous Damper
More informationAn Analysis of DISI Particle Morphology
An Analysis of DISI Particle Morphology Teresa Barone, John Storey, Jim Szybist, Adam Youngquist Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center Acknowledgement Dr. James Eberhardt, U.S. DOE, VT May 1, 2012
More informationINSTRUCTION MANUAL. Mi490 Peroxide value. Milwaukee Lab Photometer. Test Equipment Depot Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431-99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176 INSTRUCTION MANUAL Milwaukee Lab Photometer Mi490 Peroxide value TestEquipmentDepot.com 1 Instruction Manual Mi490 PEROXIDE VALUE
More informationSupporting Information. Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminoalkylation of Unactivated. Alkenes: Access to Diverse N-Heterocycles.
Supporting Information Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminoalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Access to Diverse N-Heterocycles Liu Ye, Kai-Yip Lo, Qiangshuai Gu and Dan Yang * Department of Chemistry, The
More information2016 International Conference on Engineering Tribology and Applied Technology
Tribological Performance Evaluation of Biodiesel Distilled Residues Blended with Fossil Diesel Yang-Ching Lin 1,a, Hung-Shiau Chen 1,b, Chun-Ching Hsu 1,c, YONG-YUAN KU 2,d, KE-WEI LIN 2,e 1 Department
More informationBiodiesel Behavior/Characteristics Experiment
10/7/2008 Biodiesel Behavior/Characteristics Experiment Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to address the problems experienced by Districts 12 and 7 in the use of biodiesel, specifically B20, a
More informationRecyclable Heterogeneous Copper Oxide on Alumina Catalyzed Coupling of Phenols and Alcohols with Aryl halides under Ligand Free Conditions
Recyclable Heterogeneous Copper xide on Alumina Catalyzed Coupling of Phenols and Alcohols with Aryl halides under Ligand Free Conditions Kokkirala Swapna, a Sabbavarapu Narayana Murthy, a Mocharla Tarani
More information2018 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 1
2018 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 1 HORIBA Scientific Particle Characterization Dr. Anderson Bonon Key Points to Achieving Successful Laser Diffraction Method Development September 26, 2018 2018 HORIBA,
More informationAnalysis of Petroleum Samples Using the Teledyne Leeman Labs
APPLICATION NOTE: TECHNOLOGY: INDUSTRY: AN1802 ICP Petroleum Analysis of Petroleum Samples Using the Teledyne Leeman Labs Prodigy Plus ICP-OES John Condon, Applications Chemist and Bruce MacAllister, Applications
More informationPalladium-Catalyzed Cyclization: Regioselectivity and Structure of Arene-Fused C 60 Derivatives
Supporting Information Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization: Regioselectivity and Structure of Arene-Fused C 60 Derivatives Yoshifumi Hashikawa, Michihisa Murata, Atsushi Wakamiya, and Yasujiro Murata* Institute
More informationBiodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil using Calcined Sodium Silicate Catalyst
Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil using Calcined Sodium Silicate Catalyst M.O. Daramola, D. Nkazi, K. Mtshali School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built
More informationSmog Chamber Studies on SOA Formation from Gasoline Exhaust and Pure Precursors
Smog Chamber Studies on SOA Formation from Gasoline Exhaust and Pure Precursors E. Z. Nordin 1, A. C. Eriksson 1,2, J. E. Carlsson 1, P. T. Nilsson 1, M. K. Kajos 3, P. Roldin 2, J. Rissler 1, M. Hallquist
More informationABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
ABSTRACT Emulsified water filtration becomes more difficult when diesel fuel s surfactancy is high, especially for additized ultralow sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD). The increased surfactancy can be reflected
More informationSPMM OUTLINE SPECIFICATION - SP20016 issue 2 WHAT IS THE SPMM 5000?
SPMM 5000 OUTLINE SPECIFICATION - SP20016 issue 2 WHAT IS THE SPMM 5000? The Suspension Parameter Measuring Machine (SPMM) is designed to measure the quasi-static suspension characteristics that are important
More informationBiodiesel Resistance of Thin Resin Cr-Free Steel Sheets for Fuel Tank
Engineering, 2011, 3, 491-499 doi:10.4236/eng.2011.35057 Published Online May 2011 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) Biodiesel Resistance of Thin Resin Cr-Free Steel Sheets for Fuel Tank Abstract Kyung-Hwan
More informationAnalysis of biodiesel oil (as per ASTM D6751 & EN 14214) using the Agilent 5100 SVDV ICP-OES
Analysis of biodiesel oil (as per ASTM D6751 & EN 14214) using the Agilent 5100 SVDV ICP-OES Application note Petrochemical Author Neli Drvodelic Agilent Technologies Melbourne, Australia Introduction
More informationPlating Out Oil Film Thickness on Roll and Workpiece During Cold Rolling with O/W Emulsion
Tribology Transactions, 54: 75-81, 011 Copyright C Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers ISSN: 1040-004 print / 1547-397X online DOI: 10.1080/1040004.010.5475 Plating Out Oil Film Thickness
More informationXYLENES SEPARATION SUPPLEMENT
Report No. 25A XYLENES SEPARATION SUPPLEMENT A by HAROLD C. RIES July 1970 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE I I MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS INTRODUCTION,..,....................
More informationArticle: The Formation & Testing of Sludge in Bunker Fuels By Dr Sunil Kumar Laboratory Manager VPS Fujairah 15th January 2018
Article: The Formation & Testing of Sludge in Bunker Fuels By Dr Sunil Kumar Laboratory Manager VPS Fujairah 15th January 2018 Introduction Sludge formation in bunker fuel is the source of major operational
More informationIASH 2015, the 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON STABILITY, HANDLING AND USE OF LIQUID FUELS Charleston, South Carolina USA 4-8 October 2015
IASH 2015, the 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON STABILITY, HANDLING AND USE OF LIQUID FUELS Charleston, South Carolina USA 4-8 October 2015 Potential Problems of High Efficiency Fuel Filtration and Cold
More informationContinuous Manufacturing: Technologies and Economic Benefit
Continuous Manufacturing: Technologies and Economic Benefit 2 nd Symposium on Continuous Flow Reactor Technology for Industrial Applications Oct. 4, 2010, Paris Dr. B. Schenkel API manufacturing in Pharmaceutical
More informationAppendix A.1 Calculations of Engine Exhaust Gas Composition...9
Foreword...xi Acknowledgments...xiii Introduction... xv Chapter 1 Engine Emissions...1 1.1 Characteristics of Engine Exhaust Gas...1 1.1.1 Major Components of Engine Exhaust Gas...1 1.1.2 Units Used for
More informationLEVONORGESTRELUM LEVONORGESTREL (May 2015)
May 2015 RESTRICTED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 LEVONORGESTRELUM LEVONORGESTREL (May 2015) DOCUMENT FOR DISCUSSION
More informationInvestigation of a promising method for liquid hydrocarbons spraying
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Investigation of a promising method for liquid hydrocarbons spraying To cite this article: E P Kopyev and E Yu Shadrin 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
More informationAtomization and Co-Combustion of Crude Glycerin with Natural Gas and Hydrogen
Atomization and Co-Combustion of Crude Glycerin with Natural Gas and Hydrogen Pedro Queirós Abstract The present study focuses on the atomization and co-combustion of glycerin. Initially, glycerin sprays
More informationAuto-ignition of Premixed Methane/air Mixture in the Presence of Dust
25 th ICDERS August 2 7, 2015 Leeds, UK Auto-ignition of Premixed Methane/air Mixture in the Presence of Dust V.V. Leschevich, O.G. Penyazkov, S.Yu. Shimchenko Physical and Chemical Hydrodynamics Laboratory,
More informationEnzymatic Alholysis For Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil
Enzymatic Alholysis For Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil R. Maceiras 1, A. Cancela*,1, M. Vega 2, M.C. Márquez 2 1 Chemical Engineering Department. University of Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende.
More informationPhase Distribution of Ethanol, and Water in Ethyl Esters at K and K
Phase Distribution of Ethanol, and Water in Ethyl Esters at 298.15 K and 333.15 K Luis A. Follegatti Romero, F. R. M. Batista, M. Lanza, E.A.C. Batista, and Antonio J.A. Meirelles a ExTrAE Laboratory of
More informationFigure 1: The spray of a direct-injecting four-stroke diesel engine
MIXTURE FORMATION AND COMBUSTION IN CI AND SI ENGINES 7.0 Mixture Formation in Diesel Engines Diesel engines can be operated both in the two-stroke and four-stroke process. Diesel engines that run at high
More informationISO 8754 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Petroleum products Determination of sulfur content Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8754 Second edition 2003-07-15 Petroleum products Determination of sulfur content Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Produits pétroliers
More informationBiodiesel Fundamentals for High School Chemistry Classes. Laboratory 7: Using Differences in Solubility to Remove Contaminants from Biodiesel
Laboratory 7: Using Differences in Solubility to Remove Contaminants from Biodiesel Topics Covered Solubility Polarity Like dissolves like Partition Ratio Equipment Needed (per pair or group) One graduated
More informationBiomass pretreatment protocol
Supplemental Info for AEILPT of biomass Biomass pretreatment protocol Biomass was switchgrass supplied by Daniel Putman, University of California - Davis. The switchgrass (20-40 mesh) was dried in a convection
More informationContinuous Flow Technology as an Attractive Approach to Move Towards the Factory of Tomorrow
Continuous Flow Technology as an Attractive Approach to Move Towards the Factory of Tomorrow Chemspec Europe, 01.-02.2016 Messe Basel Anne Kaaden, Dr.-Ing. Joachim Heck, Dr. Frank Herbstritt, Dr. Marc
More information