Dispersed Water in Jet Turbine Fuels: Negating the Effect on Particle Counting
|
|
- Nancy Lamb
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: 5 September 13 Dispersed Water in Jet Turbine Fuels: Negating the Effect on Particle Counting PARTICULATE IN JET FUELS WHY IS MEASUREMENT SO IMPORTANT? The issue of particulate contamination in Jet Fuel has long been recognised for its associated problems affecting the fuel economy of aircrafts and causing maintenance down time issues. The appearance of particulate material can affect fuel lines and filters which subsequently block the flow of fuel to the engine, it can also cause fuel injection system problems reducing combustion efficiencies. Particulate measurement is an established means of monitoring quality control and product release and is classified by particle size. Laser obscuration has become an established method of measuring the particulate contamination in fuels worldwide; - The Energy Institute test method IP 565 for aviation turbine fuel is referenced in the DEF STAN Fuel Specification. - ASTM test method D76 for middle distillate fuels (which includes aviation turbine fuels) is included in the D975 diesel specification for quality control purposes. LASER PARTICLE COUNT - THE PREFERRED TEST FOR SAMPLE DIAGNOSIS Laser obscuration based particle counting methods have a number of advantages over the traditional gravimetric method; these include short test times, simple operation and immediate results which indicate particle size and distribution. Laser particle counting uses the light emitted by a laser to illuminate a cell through which the sample is passed. Particles present in the sample cast a shadow onto the sensor within the cell, and as the particle passes across the cell the voltage output of the sensor drops. The voltage drop of the cell is proportional to the particle size and the size of the particle is calculated based on this principle. The availability of reliable automatic particle counting apparatus and test methods, including AvCount (pictured left) and IP 565, has made these test methods a viable option for specification purposes. The improved precision of these methods has resulted in some standardisation authorities stating their intention to replace gravimetric tests with laser obscuration particle counting tests at the earliest opportunity. DETERMINING THE LIMITS Determining the limits that should be applied to laser obscuration particle counting test methods has historically proved difficult. The wide variation of the density of particulates precludes an accurate correlation between the established gravimetric limits and laser obscuration particle counts. A further complication is that laser obscuration methods do not easily differentiate between particulates and dispersed water (free water droplets).
2 One proposal is that the limits should be similar to those of the World Wide Fuel Charter:- 18/16/13 (ISO 4406 Cleanliness ) at 4, 6 and 14µm (c) respectively, while others proposals have suggested more stringent levels. However, research has shown that jet fuels that pass the gravimetric test could easily exceed the proposed limits due to the presence of dispersed water, even though the volume of dispersed water is within permitted limits. In the past, it was considered that the dispersed water droplet size would tend to be 25µm (c) and therefore would not interfere with the results for the 4, 6 and 14µm (c) size bands that are key in particle counting analysis. However, the improved precision of modern laser obscuration particle counters has now shown that the dispersed water can have a significant distribution in these smaller size bands, especially downstream of high shear pumps. THE EFFECT OF DISPERSED WATER ON PARTICLE COUNTS IN JET A1 Chart 1 below illustrates the effect of dispersed water on the particle count of a jet turbine fuel. The fuel had been dosed with 0.5mg/l of ISO Medium Test Dust to give a moderate particle count and all three samples are within normal gravimetric particulate and dispersed water limits. However, whilst the sample with no added dispersed water gives a cleanliness code of 17/15/10 (), the +ppm dispersed water sample gives a cleanliness coding of //18 (), and the +40ppm dispersed water sample gives a cleanliness coding of // () using laser obscuration methods. Chart 1: The Effect of Dispersed Water on Particle Counts in Jet A1 This summarises the problem; setting limits that are too low would risk failing clean but (acceptably) wet fuels, whilst setting high limits to take into account the permitted levels of dispersed water would risk passing a very dirty but dry fuel.
3 NEGATING THE EFFECT OF WATER ON PARTICLE COUNTING One method of removing the effects of dispersed water is to dissolve it into the fuel. However, the fuel only has a limited propensity to dissolve water and reaches saturation point quite quickly. This can be circumvented by the use of a cosolvent that has an affinity to fuel and water. Recent revisions to IP 565 have provided an optional procedure (Annex B) to eliminate the effects of water in particle counting. Annex B describes the procedure for the addition of either a cosolvent or a proprietary chemical to the sample to increase the accuracy of the particle count by eliminating free water interference. The procedure is optional but shows good results so it is expected that many users will adopt it as a standard procedure. Others may choose to only use it to clarify whether a high count was due to dirt or water droplets. For an example of the results see Chart 2 which illustrates the effect of adding 5.5% V/V cosolvent to the water contaminated samples shown in Chart 1. THE EFFECT OF ADDING COSOLVENT TO THE WATER CONTAMINATED SAMPLES Chart 2: The Effect of Cosolvent on Particle Counts in Water Contaminated Jet A1 The cosolvent treatment has successfully removed the effects of the dispersed water on the particle count. In fact, the raw data shows that the count is slightly lower than the original fuel due to the removal of the small amount of dispersed water that was present in the original sample. Further tests show that the addition of 5.5% v/v cosolvent continues to be effective, even when the dispersed water content exceeds the maximum levels normally permitted in jet turbine fuel, as shown in Chart 3.
4 22 Chart 3: The Effect of 5.5% v/v Cosolvent on Particle Counts up to 100ppm Dispersed Water THE FUTURE OF LASER PARTICLE COUNTING The migration from gravimetric testing to laser based particle counting has been underpinned by revisions from the Energy Institute (EI) to improve the reliability of these test methods. Revision 1 - Determining verification tolerance The fuel industry methods of particle counting were derived from methods used for hydraulic oils originally devised in the 60s. At that time, the technology limitations were such that accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility were relatively poor. Furthermore a system of coding was introduced that converted particles/ml into cleanliness codes to make it easier for an operator to report results. The problem was that these codes are quasi-logarithmic which allows for a large range of particle counts to be covered by a single cleanliness code, the result is potentially misleading tolerances. Energy Institute investigations carried out during 11 and 12 revealed that more precise technology is now available. Highly coherent solid state lasers, low noise electronics and advanced digital processing have considerably improved the precision of laser obscuration instruments like AvCount. As a result, the EI has revised the tolerances for calibration and verification. The revised tolerance is statistically derived from the particle counts for the batch of verification material and the reproducibility (R) of the test, whereas the previous particle count tolerance for verification was based on the ISO cleanliness code. Using the reference standards recommended in ISO (the core ISO governing the design and calibration of Automatic Particle Counters), a particle counter would be verified using a material with a count of approximately 4µm (c). Using the within 1 ISO cleanliness code tolerance, a count between 5001 and particles/ml would be acceptable. Under the revised tolerances the limit would be approximately 5400 to µm (c).
5 Revision 2 - IP 565 Annex B: Procedure to eliminate the effects of water in particle counting IP 565 Annex B describes the procedure for the addition of either a cosolvent or a proprietary chemical to the sample to increase the accuracy of the particle count by eliminating free water interference. As discussed in the body of this article, water droplets in suspension could result in an unacceptably high particle count, even though both the particulate and water content are within specification. As a result of trials by the Energy Institute and particle counter manufacturers, it has been possible to quantify the volume of cosolvent or chemical additive necessary to negate the effect of water on particle counting in typical jet turbine fuels. The procedure is optional so some users may adopt it as a standard procedure, whilst others may choose to only use it to clarify whether a high count was due to dirt or water droplets. EXTENSION OF TESTING INTO OTHER FUEL TYPES ASTM D76 test method was published in 12 covering diesels, bio-diesels and bio-diesel blends. Diesels can contain greater levels of particulates but they can also contain a considerably greater volume of free water which exacerbates the effect on particle counting. Further, free water droplets can cause severe damage to the latest generation extreme pressure injection systems. ASTM D975 Diesel Fuel Specification The AvCount method (ASTM D76) is called up in the diesel fuel specification for assessing the quality of fuel in bulk storage. It recommends a series of tests to evaluate the quality and monitor degradation including the use of D76 to assess the particulate content. Worldwide Fuel Charter (WWFC) In December 12 the Fifth Edition of the WWFC was published. The charter is designed to promote the fuel quality requirements of the latest generation vehicles and engines and attempt to harmonise standards in accordance with the industry needs. The latest edition calls up AvCount method ASTM D76 as a recommended test method for Diesel fuels, and throughout the document indications of cleanliness levels are given. NEXT DEVELOPMENTS FOR PARTICLE COUNTERS, METHODS AND SPECFICATIONS Aviation Fuel Work completed by the Energy Institute and the published Annex to IP 565 now eliminates the effect of water on particle counts. The industry will now move forward and conduct further testing with a view to establishing specification levels for the cleanliness of Aviation Fuel by automatic particle counters. Other Fuels A test program is currently underway to extend the co-solvent work (already completed within the Aviation Fuel area) into these fuels. Research reports and conclusions are expected in late 13. ~ ENDS ~ CONTACT INFORMATION: Caroline Morrison, Marketing Manager T: + 44 (0) E: marketing@stanhope-seta.co.uk
IASH 2015, the 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON STABILITY, HANDLING AND USE OF LIQUID FUELS Charleston, South Carolina USA 4-8 October 2015
IASH 2015, the 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON STABILITY, HANDLING AND USE OF LIQUID FUELS Charleston, South Carolina USA 4-8 October 2015 LIGHT OBSCURATION PARTICLE COUNTER FUEL CONTAMINATION LIMITS Joel
More informationAvCount Laser Particle Counters
AvCount Laser Particle Counters Rapid particle counting of air and liquid samples - bench top and portable precision advanced laser based analysis Fuels Lubricants Air Pharmaceuticals Hydraulic fluids
More informationAviation Fuel Filtration Update. Phil Rugen, Chairman, API/EI Aviation Fuel Filtration Committee. IATA Aviation Fuel Forum Miami, USA - 22 nd May 2007
Aviation Fuel Filtration Update Phil Rugen, Chairman, API/EI Aviation Fuel Filtration Committee IATA Aviation Fuel Forum Miami, USA - 22 nd May 2007 Providing industry with cost effective value added scientific
More informationJet Fuel Conductivity Analysers & Additive Management systems
Jet Fuel Conductivity Analysers & Additive Management systems ASTM D2624 IP 274 DEF STAN 91-91 ASTM D1655 Conductivity in Fuels Conductivity is a significant parameter for safe and economic handling of
More informationGuidance on Changes to ASTM D1655 and Def Stan to Increase Allowable FAME Limits to 50 mg/kg
Guidance on Changes to ASTM D1655 and Def Stan 91-91 to Increase Allowable FAME Limits to 50 mg/kg The latest revisions to the two major western jet fuel specifications, ASTM D1655-15 (primarily used in
More informationTask Force on Particle Counts in Transformer Insulating Fluids. Omni Houston Hotel Room: Regency AB Monday, March 8, :00AM 9:15AM
Task Force on Particle Counts in Transformer Insulating Fluids Omni Houston Hotel Room: Regency AB Monday, March 8, 2010 8:00AM 9:15AM IEEE/PES Transformers Committee / Insulating Fluid Subcommittee Spring
More informationDaimlerChrysler Alternative Particulate Measurement page 1/8
DaimlerChrysler Alternative Particulate Measurement page 1/8 Investigation of Alternative Methods to Determine Particulate Mass Emissions Dr. Oliver Mörsch Petra Sorsche DaimlerChrysler AG Background and
More informationTHIS BULLETIN MODIFIES THE A4A BULLETIN , DATED DECEMBER 11, 2017
Bulletin 2018.1 Update on ATA103 Requirements June 5, 2018 THIS BULLETIN MODIFIES THE A4A BULLETIN 2017.2, DATED DECEMBER 11, 2017 Based on feedback from the industry, A4A is modifying the deadlines for
More informationProduct Specifications
AVIATION FUEL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINTLY OPERATED SYSTEMS (AFQRJOS) Issue 25 5 th Supersedes Issue 24 October 2008 This document has the agreement of: BP, Chevron, ENI, ExxonMobil, Kuwait Petroleum,
More informationSolution Sheet 1.
Solution 15.01.15 Sheet 1 Oxidation Stability of Fuels Implication Significance Sufficient oxidation stability of any fuels is a basic requirement to guarantee a failure free operation of the fuel injection
More informationProduct Quality Bulletin
106 This replaces and updates the requirements of JIG 75, which gives guidance on the testing requirements for FAME in Jet fuel in order to ensure FAME limits within the requirements of the JIG Aviation
More informationJet fuel control: Specification test methodology
Jet fuel control: Specification test methodology 2 Contents appreciation of test methodology Recap specification requirements Key attributes of test methods Overview of test types Precision, accuracy,
More informationStuart Rayner: National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa Blantyre : May 2017
Stuart Rayner: National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa Blantyre : May 2017 Presentation sections European CO2 emission reductions and plans Vehicle CO2 emission testing Vehicle
More informationBunkering With New Fuels Building on Strong Foundations.
Bunkering With New Fuels Building on Strong Foundations. Intertek ShipCare Services. Michael Green. Global Technical Manager Bunker Fuel Testing. 1 Sulphur Regulations Marpol Annex VI Marpol Annex VI introduced
More informationProducts for Aviation Fuel Handling
Products for Aviation Fuel Handling The Hydraulic & Fuel Filtration Division (HFFD) of Parker Hannifin manufactures a wide range of best in class Parker Velcon filtration and separation solutions and fuel
More informationIS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 054 First edition 1998-09-01 Internal combustion compression-ignition engines - Measurement apparatus for smoke from engines operating under steady-state conditions - Filter-type
More informationPART XV Metering Systems SECTION 2 GUIDE TO GAS METERING SYSTEMS
THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT MANUAL PART XV Metering Systems SECTION 2 GUIDE TO GAS METERING SYSTEMS THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT MANUAL PART XV Metering Systems
More informationFuture Powertrain Conference 24 th February C 2016 HORIBA Ltd. All rights reserved.
Recent and Future Developments In The Legislation and Measurement of Particle Number for Type Approval, In Service Conformity and Real Driving Emissions Future Powertrain Conference 24 th February 2016
More information68-253/Issue 1 (DERD 2491) 1 August 1997
Ministry of Defence Defence Standard 68-25/Issue 1 (DERD 2491) 1 August 1997 FLUIDS, AVIATION, THRUST AUGMENTATION JOINT SERVICE DESIGNATION: AL-28 AND WTA This Defence Standard supersedes DERD 2491 Issue
More informationMGO / MDO Additive Applications 26 th April 2011
MGO / MDO Additive Applications 26 th April 2011 Agenda MGO / MDO New & Current Fuel Issues Lubricity Background of Lubricity HFRR Test Method Effect of Additive Lubricity Study Storage Stability Agenda
More informationEI HMC Report Spring API Committee on Petroleum Measurement Standards Meeting
EI HMC Report 2017 Spring API Committee on Petroleum Measurement Standards Meeting STAC EI Technical Committee Structure STAC Health Technical Committee Environmental Management Group Safety Management
More informationNavy Field Evaluation of Particle Counter Technology for Aviation Fuel Contamination Detection
Navy Field Evaluation of Particle Counter Technology for Aviation Fuel Contamination Detection NF&LCFT REPORT 441/14-003 Prepared By: TERRENCE DICKERSON Chemical Engineer AIR- 4.4.5.1 NAVAIR Public Release
More informationTDG-F-113 CEC New Test Development Proposal for a New Engine Fuels Test Procedure
TDG-F-113 CEC New Test Development Proposal for a New Engine Fuels Test Procedure DISI (Direct Injection spark ignited engine) Injector fouling Test 1. Demonstrated need- The proposed test will address
More informationAVL Particle Measurement System Aviation
AVL Particle Measurement System Aviation Measurement of non-volatile Particulate Matter mass and number emissions from aircraft turbines according to the AIR6241 MARKET REQUIREMENTS Non-volatile particulate
More informationINLINE MONITORING OF FREE WATER AND PARTICULATE CONTAMINATION OF JET A FUEL
INLINE MONITORING OF FREE WATER AND PARTICULATE CONTAMINATION OF JET A FUEL INTERIM REPORT TFLRF No. 466 ADA by Keri M. Petersen U.S. Army TARDEC Fuels and Lubricants Research Facility Southwest Research
More informationCOMMISSION REGULATION (EU)
30.11.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 317/17 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1235/2011 of 29 November 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council
More informationThe Benchmark for Fuel Cleanliness
In association with The Benchmark for Fuel Cleanliness The quality of Bio diesel deteriorates very quickly during storage unless special measures are taken to remove water content and prevent the build
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16183 First edition 2002-12-15 Heavy-duty engines Measurement of gaseous emissions from raw exhaust gas and of particulate emissions using partial flow dilution systems under
More informationArticle: Sulfur Testing VPS Quality Approach By Dr Sunil Kumar Laboratory Manager Fujairah, UAE
Article: Sulfur Testing VPS Quality Approach By Dr Sunil Kumar Laboratory Manager Fujairah, UAE 26th September 2017 For over a decade, both regional ECA and global sulphur limits within marine fuels have
More informationASTM B117 Testing Quality Control
ASTM B117 Testing Quality Control ASTM B117 Testing, also known as a Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog), is used to analyze relative corrosion for specimens of metals and coated metals exposed
More information[You may download this article at: https://fluidsys.org/downloads/ ]
Fluidsys Training Centre, Bangalore offers an extensive range of skill-based and industry-relevant courses in the field of Pneumatics and Hydraulics. For more details, please visit the website: https://fluidsys.org
More informationHYDAC Diesel Fuel Cleanliness Testing White Paper
Final Filtered Diesel HYDAC Diesel Fuel Cleanliness Testing White Paper JANUARY 2017 1300 57 9990 www.bulkfuel.com.au 2 Bulk Fuel Australia HYDAC Diesel Fuel Cleanliness Testing White Paper January 2017
More informationFuture Challenges in Automobile and Fuel Technologies For a Better Environment. Diesel WG Report. September 25, 2000
1 Future Challenges in Automobile and Fuel Technologies For a Better Environment Diesel WG Report September 25, 2000 JCAP Diesel WG Toshiaki Kakegawa, Akihiro Misumi 2 Objectives To research diesel engine
More informationANNEX 30 RESOLUTION MEPC.240(65) Adopted on 17 May 2013
Annex 30, page 1 ANNEX 30 RESOLUTION MEPC.240(65) Adopted on 17 May 2013 2013 AMENDMENTS TO THE REVISED GUIDELINES AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR OIL DISCHARGE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR OIL TANKERS (RESOLUTION
More informationTechnical Committee Motor Vehicles 15 September RDE 3 discussion
Technical Committee Motor Vehicles 15 September 2016 RDE 3 discussion 1 RDE-LDV working group meetings on RDE-3 in 2016 23 January (launch) 20 April 17, 18 May 1 June (cold start web) 2 June (hybrid web)
More informationRECYCLABILITY EVALUATION PROTOCOL FOR PE FILMS
Phone : +32 2 742 96 82 Fax : +32 2 732 12 18 e-mail : recyclass@plasticsrecyclers.eu website: www.recyclass.eu RECYCLABILITY EVALUATION PROTOCOL FOR PE FILMS Standard Laboratory Practice Version 1.0 Published
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (Class L) Family X (Greases) Specification
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12924 First edition 2010-05-01 Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (Class L) Family X (Greases) Specification Lubrifiants, huiles industrielles et produits connexes
More informationThe quality of aviation fuel available in the United Kingdom. Annual surveys 2009 to CRC project no. AV-18-14
The quality of aviation fuel available in the United Kingdom Annual surveys 2009 to 2013 CRC project no. AV-18-14 THE QUALITY OF AVIATION FUEL AVAILABLE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM ANNUAL SURVEYS 2009 TO 2013
More informationAn overview of Directive (EU) 2015/2193 from the Power Generation business perspective
Our energy working for you. TM Power topic #EMERPT-6194-EN Technical information from Cummins Power Generation Medium Combustion Plants Directive White Paper By Pedro Ponte, Project Application Engineer
More informationWaste Lubricating Oil Purification and Recovery
Waste Lubricating Oil Purification and Recovery It may be surprising to note that, under normal circumstances, lubricating oil cannot be easily destroyed; it only gets dirty and is easily contaminated
More informationDiesel Fuel Challenges and Nanofiber Media Filtration Solutions
Diesel Fuel Challenges and Nanofiber Media Filtration Solutions Russ T. Bretell, Manager, Education and Technical Sales, Cummins Filtration Russ has been with Cummins Filtration for 23 years and has had
More informationCONTACT: Rasto Brezny Executive Director Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association 2200 Wilson Boulevard Suite 310 Arlington, VA Tel.
WRITTEN COMMENTS OF THE MANUFACTURERS OF EMISSION CONTROLS ASSOCIATION ON CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD S PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO CALIFORNIA EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM WARRANTY REGULATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
More informationFuture Fuels: Developing Tomorrow s Energy by Rodica A. Baranescu University of Illinois at Chicago
Future Fuels: Developing Tomorrow s Energy by Rodica A. Baranescu University of Illinois at Chicago Third Annual Conference PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES TECHNION ISRAEL INSTITUTE
More informationReal Driving Emissions and Test Cycle Data from 4 Modern European Vehicles
Real Driving Emissions and Test Cycle Data from 4 Modern European Vehicles Dirk Bosteels IQPC 2 nd International Conference Real Driving Emissions Düsseldorf, 18 September 2014 Association for Emissions
More informationIntroduction to the ICAO Engine Emissions Databank
Introduction to the ICAO Engine Emissions Databank Background Standards limiting the emissions of smoke, unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from turbojet and turbofan
More informationBiennial Assessment of the Fifth Power Plan
Biennial Assessment of the Fifth Power Plan Gas Turbine Power Plant Planning Assumptions October 17, 2006 Simple- and combined-cycle gas turbine power plants fuelled by natural gas are among the bulk power
More informationISO 8754 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Petroleum products Determination of sulfur content Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8754 Second edition 2003-07-15 Petroleum products Determination of sulfur content Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Produits pétroliers
More informationDetermination of fuel system icing inhibitor content of aviation turbine kerosine by HPLC
Determination of fuel system icing inhibitor content of aviation turbine kerosine by HPLC Application Note Energy and Fuels Authors Detlef Wilhelm Anatox GmbH & Co. KG Fürstenwalde, Germany Udo Huber Agilent
More informationFig 1. API Classification of base oils
SYNTHETIC VS MINERAL OIL Introduction Oil is the life blood of an engine and just like the blood in our bodies, it is required to fulfill a number of functions. Oil does not only lubricate, it also carries
More informationIS0 STANDARD INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL IS0 STANDARD 4548-3 Second edition 99-09-I 5 Methods of test for full-flow lubricating oil filters for internal combustion engines - Part 3: Resistance to high differential pressure and to
More informationInstallation, Operation & Maintenance Manual
Installation, Operation & Maintenance Manual MONITORS www.lakemonitors.com Lake Monitors 8809 Industrial Drive, Franksville, WI 53126 P: (800) 850-6110 (262) 884-9800 F: (262) 884-9810 MONITORS 2007 AW-Lake
More informationDevelopment of Large-capacity Indirect Hydrogen-cooled Turbine Generator and Latest Technologies Applied to After Sales Service
Development of Large-capacity Indirect Hydrogen-cooled Turbine Generator and Latest Technologies Applied to After Sales Service 39 KAZUHIKO TAKAHASHI *1 MITSURU ONODA *1 KIYOTERU TANAKA *2 SEIJIRO MURAMATSU,
More informationRESULTS OF A MIXING TRIAL USING THE CALEVA MULTI LAB MIXER/GRANULATOR WITH SOME DIFFICULT MATERIALS
AN APPLICATION NOTE CALEVA RESULTS OF A MIXING TRIAL USING THE CALEVA MULTI LAB MIXER/GRANULATOR WITH SOME DIFFICULT MATERIALS INTRODUCTION We are frequently asked for information about the capacity and
More informationHigh Pressure Spray Characterization of Vegetable Oils
, 23rd Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Brno, Czech Republic, September 2010 Devendra Deshmukh, A. Madan Mohan, T. N. C. Anand and R. V. Ravikrishna Department of Mechanical Engineering
More informationISO 659 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Oilseeds Determination of oil content (Reference method)
Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 659 Fourth edition 2009-07-01 Oilseeds Determination of oil content (Reference method) Graines oléagineuses Détermination de la teneur en huile
More informationJournal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 21, No ISSN: e-issn: ICID: DOI: /
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 1, No. 1 ISSN: 131- e-issn: 3-133 ICID: 1131 DOI: 1./131.1131 JET FUELS DIVERSITY Air Force Institute of Technology Ksiecia Boleslawa Street, 1-9 Warsaw,
More informationAssessing the Equipment
PART III Assessing the Equipment The growth of particle counting in the drinking water treatment industry has brought about many changes in the technology in the past few years. The first particle counters
More informationDoD Fuel Specification Review. Jill M Bramer, US ARMY Presenting on behalf of TRIPOL 11 April 2017
DoD Fuel Specification Review Jill M Bramer, US ARMY Presenting on behalf of TRIPOL 11 April 2017 TRIPOL TRIPOL informally began in March 2003 at the recommendation of AFPET Technical Division Official
More informationZürich Testing on Fuel Effects and Future Work Programme
Zürich Testing on Fuel Effects and 2016-2017 Future Work Programme Benjamin Brem 1,2, Lukas Durdina 1,2 and Jing Wang 1,2 1 Empa 2 ETH Zürich FORUM on Aviation and Emissions Workshop Amsterdam 15.04.2016
More informationTHERMOELECTRIC SAMPLE CONDITIONER SYSTEM (TESC)
THERMOELECTRIC SAMPLE CONDITIONER SYSTEM (TESC) FULLY AUTOMATED ASTM D2983 CONDITIONING AND TESTING ON THE CANNON TESC SYSTEM WHITE PAPER A critical performance parameter for transmission, gear, and hydraulic
More informationISO 8217:2010 Dr.r.Vis, Viswa Lab
ISO 8217:2010 Dr.r.Vis, Viswa Lab THE PHILOSOPHY BEHIND THE CHANGES DRAFT/VISWA LAB APPROACH 2 1. PRESENCE OF H2S IN LIQUID PHASE -HOW MANY CASES OF H2S CONTAMINATED BUNKERS IDENTIFIED IN THE LAST ONE
More informationENHANCED CLEANLINESS - OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE COMPANY PROFILE TECHNOLOGY BY
ENHANCED CLEANLINESS - OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE COMPANY PROFILE TECHNOLOGY BY About Us is an international filtration company, with offices in USA, UAE and Turkey. We are more than just a filter supplier, we
More informationFuel cat fines - problems and mitigation
Fuel cat fines - problems and mitigation Paul Hill Chief Surveyor, Western Europe, Braemar (inc The Salvage Association) John L. David Marine Investigator + Consultant, Marine Professionals The Rise in
More informationM-11 MARINE DIESEL ENGINE FUEL INJECTOR
Guideline No.M-11(201510) M-11 MARINE DIESEL ENGINE FUEL INJECTOR Issued date: 20 October 2015 China Classification Society Foreword This Guideline constitutes the CCS rules, and establishes the applicable
More informationRecommendation for petroleum fuel treatment systems for marine diesel engines
(July 2017) Recommendation for petroleum fuel treatment systems for marine diesel engines I Recommendation for the treatment of fuel oil on board ships 1 Application The following requirements should apply
More informationThermal Management: Key-Off & Soak
Thermal Management: Key-Off & Soak A whitepaper discussing the issues automotive engineers face every day attempting to accurately predict thermal conditions during thermal transients Exa Corporation 2015/16
More informationStandardization of biomethane as automotive fuel
Standardization of biomethane as automotive fuel Jaime del Álamo Technical Manager NGVA Europe GGG Workshop. Development of Legislation, Injection and Trade Paris, 5 th March 2013 5 th March 2013 GGG Workshop.
More informationADU 5. Automatic Distillation Unit
ADU 5 Automatic Distillation Unit Atmospheric Distillation Distillation tests are used to characterize the volatility of petrochemical products. These volatility characteristics are a critical measurement
More informationISBN SANS 342:2006 Edition 4 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Automotive diesel fuel Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan roa
ISBN 0-626-18752-4 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Automotive diesel fuel Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344
More informationFilter and Particle Simulation for Hydraulic Systems
1 Filter and Particle Simulation for Hydraulic Systems Karl Wartlick Argo-Hytos GmbH, Kraichtal-Menzingen, Germany René von Dombrowski RWTH Aachen University, Germany, Institute for Fluid Power Drives
More informationSampling kits and test suites
Shell LubeAnalyst Sampling kits and test suites Oil sampling kits and test suites Basic K1 - Transport Monitors wear & contamination Basic Plus K1+ - Transport Determines optimum drain intervals Differentials,
More informationEvaluation of Digital Refractometers for Field Determination of FSII Concentration in JP-5 Fuel
Evaluation of Digital Refractometers for Field Determination of FSII Concentration in JP-5 Fuel NAVAIRSYSCOM REPORT 441/13-011 Prepared By: JOHN KRIZOVENSKY Chemist AIR 4.4.5 NAVAIR Public Release 2013-867
More informationGuideline No.M-10(201510) M-10 Marine Diesel Engine Fuel Injection Pump
Guideline No.M-10(201510) M-10 Marine Diesel Engine Fuel Injection Pump Issued date: 20 th October, 2015 China Classification Society Foreword This Guideline is a part of CCS Rules, which contains technical
More informationMethanol in Biodiesel by EN14110 with the HT3 and Versa Automated Headspace Analyzers. Versa HT3. Application Note. Abstract.
Methanol in Biodiesel by EN14110 with the HT3 and Versa Automated Headspace Analyzers Application Note Abstract Versa With the rising prices of fossil fuels, more emphasis is being put on renewable resources
More informationCOMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION. Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 2.3.2005 COM(2005) 69 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union Second annual report
More informationSUBSIDIARY BODY FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVICE Fourteenth session Bonn, July 2001 Item 3 (b) of the provisional agenda
UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL 11 July 2001 ENGLISH ONLY SUBSIDIARY BODY FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVICE Fourteenth session Bonn, 16-27 July 2001 Item 3 (b) of the provisional agenda REPORTS ON
More informationNon-contact Deflection Measurement at High Speed
Non-contact Deflection Measurement at High Speed S.Rasmussen Delft University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering Stevinweg 1 NL-2628 CN Delft The Netherlands J.A.Krarup Greenwood Engineering
More informationE/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.119/Amend.1 E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.119/Amend.1
23 May 2012 Agreement Concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for
More informationCOMPETITIVE INITIATIVE AVIATION FUEL RECLAMATION SYSTEM TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
1.0 SCOPE COMPETITIVE INITIATIVE AVIATION FUEL RECLAMATION SYSTEM TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION A system brand name or equal to Filterdyne Filtration Systems, Inc. Fuel Reclaim System Model F-111 Special, as
More informationHigh Pressure Filter Pi 410
High Pressure Filter Pi 410 Nominal pressure 315 bar (4480 psi), nominal size -63 1. Features High performance filters for modern hydraulic systems Provided for valve block installation Modular system
More informationManaging Particle Contamination with Chevron ISOCLEAN Certified Lubricants
Managing Particle Contamination with Chevron ISOCLEAN Certified Lubricants It s the Small Stuff Construction companies with new and older equipment in their fleets must make combating particle contamination
More informationProduct Loss During Retail Motor Fuel Dispenser Inspection
Product Loss During Retail Motor Fuel Dispenser Inspection By: Christian Lachance, P. Eng. Senior Engineer - ment Engineering and Laboratory Services ment Canada Date: Product Loss During Retail Motor
More informationImproving predictive maintenance with oil condition monitoring.
Improving predictive maintenance with oil condition monitoring. Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Big Five 3. Pros and cons 4. The perfect match? 5. Two is better than one 6. Gearboxes, for example 7. What
More informationProportion of the vehicle fleet meeting certain emission standards
The rate of penetration of new technologies is highly correlated with the average life-time of vehicles and the average age of the fleet. Estimates based on the numbers of cars fitted with catalytic converter
More informationTurbine, Generator & Auxiliaries - Course 234
Turbine, Generator & Auxiliaries - Course 234 STEAM VALVE HYDRAULIC CONTROL The movement of large control valves to regulate the steam supply to modern steam turbines, requires amplification of the control
More informationPVP Field Calibration and Accuracy of Torque Wrenches. Proceedings of ASME PVP ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping Conference PVP2011-
Proceedings of ASME PVP2011 2011 ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping Conference Proceedings of the ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels July 17-21, & Piping 2011, Division Baltimore, Conference Maryland PVP2011 July
More informationAre You Prepared For Tier 3 Gasoline Standards? Presented by: Shaun Spiro and Leslie Johnson
Are You Prepared For Tier 3 Gasoline Standards? Presented by: Shaun Spiro and Leslie Johnson Safety Topic As the weather starts to warm up, we need to think about working in the heat. Wearing FRC can help
More informationGMD 13 New gravimetric measuring system with evaluation on location
Dr. Födisch Umweltmesstechnik AG Zwenkauer Strasse 159 04420 Markranstädt Germany Phone: +49 34205 755-0 Fax: +49 34205 755-40 E-mail: sales@foedisch.de Internet: www.foedisch.de GMD 13 New gravimetric
More informationGREENER SHIPPING SUMMIT 2017
GREENER SHIPPING SUMMIT 2017 EU MRV Regulation Methods of Data Collection of Fuel Differences/Consequences/Evaluation of Methods Antonios Georgantzis 14 November 2017 Eugenides Foundation The EU MRV Timeline
More informationThis document is a preview generated by EVS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12156-1 Third edition 2016-02-01 Diesel fuel Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) Part 1: Test method Carburant diesel Évaluation du pouvoir
More informationTime-Dependent Behavior of Structural Bolt Assemblies with TurnaSure Direct Tension Indicators and Assemblies with Only Washers
Time-Dependent Behavior of Structural Bolt Assemblies with TurnaSure Direct Tension Indicators and Assemblies with Only Washers A Report Prepared for TurnaSure, LLC Douglas B. Cleary, Ph.D., P.E. William
More informationWorkshop on GHG Emission On Ships Co-organised by CIL and MPA
Workshop on GHG Emission On Ships Co-organised by CIL and MPA By Simon Neo Regional Manager Asia International Bunker Industry Association 13 th -14 th Nov 2018 The Voice of the Global Bunker Industry
More informationPFI Standard Specification for Residential/Commercial Densified Fuel 18-June-2008
Pellet Fuel Institute (PFI) Standard Specification for Residential/Commercial Densified Fuel 1. Scope 1.1 This specification is applicable for the determination of fuel quality grade for Residential or
More informationSignificant Changes and Amendments of the Edition of the ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air ( TI )
Significant Changes and Amendments of the 209-2020 Edition of the ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air ( TI ) Civil Aviation Department 9 December 208 Significant
More informationThe PMAC Dynamic Scale Loop
The Dynamic Scale Loop Original System for evaluation of scaling tendency and inhibitor performance The System is an invaluable research and development tool for technologists responsible for the design,
More informationANNEXES. to the. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 17.5.2018 COM(2018) 296 final ANNEXES 1 to 8 ANNEXES to the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the labelling of tyres with respect
More informationLow Pressure Filter Pi 2000
Low Pressure Filter Pi 00 Nominal pressure 32/63 bar (460/900 psi), nominal size up to 400 according DIN 24550 1. Features.. High performance filters for modern hydraulic systems Provided for pipe installation
More informationApplication Note. Author. Abstract. Energy & Chemicals - Petrochemicals. Edgar Naegele, Agilent Technologies, Inc. Waldbronn, Germany
Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Petroleum Middle Distillates with the Agilent Infinity Binary HPLC System with RID Detection According to IP9()/ASTM D9 Application Note Energy & Chemicals - Petrochemicals
More informationCONFERENCE ON AVIATION AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS
CAAF/09-IP/11 19/10/09 English only CONFERENCE ON AVIATION AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 16 to 18 November 2009 Agenda Item 1: Environmental sustainability and interdependencies IMPACT
More informationThe extendedreach. ABB s new IRB 2600 Per Löwgren. Innovation in production
The extendedreach robot ABB s new IRB 2600 Per Löwgren The industrial robot has at times been referred to as the extended arm of man. Robots have extended human abilities by making productivity feasible
More information