XYLENES SEPARATION SUPPLEMENT

Transcription

1 Report No. 25A XYLENES SEPARATION SUPPLEMENT A by HAROLD C. RIES July 1970 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE I I MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA

2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION,.., SUMMARY...,... 3 INDUSTRYSTATUS,.,..,...., RECOVERY OF ORTHO-XYLENE AND ETHYLBENZENE Ortho-Xylene Recovery Ethylbenzene Recovery PARA-XYLENE CRYSTALLIZATION Theory Review of Processes. Chevron Process... Process Description Process Discussion Cost Estimates.. Krupp Process.... Process Description Process Discussion Cost Estimates. Rhone-Poulenc Process Process Description Cost Estimates JAPAN GAS-CHEMICAL COMPANY PROCESS Theory Process Description Process Discussion Materials of Construction Cost Estimates ISOMERIZATION Chemistry Review of Processes Vapor Phase Liquid Phase COMPLETEPLANTS V

3 CONTENTS 9 MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES Adsorption 129 Chromatography Fundamentals Cost Estimates Complex Formation Extractive Distillation Meta-xylene Recovery (Ccl, process) Permeation Processes Based on Reactions Alkylation-Dealkylation Chlorination-Dechlorination Hydrogenation-Dehydrogenation Sulfonation-Desulfonation Synthesis of p-xylene APPENDIX A DESIGN AND COST BASIS...,.., APPENDIX B PHYSICAL DATA ,.., CITED REFERENCES SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES PATENT REFERENCES BY COMPANY...., vi

4 ILLUSTRATIONS :l Effect of o-xylene Recovery on Distillation Requirements. 20 IFP p-xylene Process Phillips p-xylene Crystallization Process Crystallization Apparatus Rhone-Poulenc p-xylene Purification Process Equilibrium Solubility of m-xylene, BF3, and RF Effect of Temperature on Operating Conditions Japan Gas-Chemical Company Process Corrosion of Metals in Xylene, RF, and BFa Mixture Effect of Crystallization Efficiency on Octafining Effect of Product Mix on Octafining Capital Costs for Isomerization Plants Xylene9 Plant Idealized Chromatogram Comparison of Two Chromatograms Chromatogram on Bentone Variation of Relative Retention Volumes with Temperature in Chromatography Variation of Relative Retention Volumes at 80 C with Change of Proportion of Modifying Solvent in Chromatography Separation of Meta- and Para-xylenes by Gas Chromatography Separation of Meta- and Para-xylenes by Liquid Chromatography Effect of Separation Factor on Costs of Chromatographic Processes vii

5 ILLUSTRATIONS B.l Effect of Dissolved CO, on Freezing Point of Xylene B.2 Vapor Pressure of HI?-BF, Mixtures at O C, , 173 B.3 Constant Boiling Mixtures of HF-H,O-BF, , 174 B.4 Vapor Pressure of HF'-BF,-Aromatic Systems at O C B.5 Effect of Temperature on Decomposition of BF, Complexes B.6 Diagram of Crystallization in the Ternary System p-xylene - m-xylene - Ccl, viii

6 TABLES The Americas Europe.,..., Asia Soviet Bloc..,.,., , Major Process Equipment and Utilities Summary Stream Flows a.. 49 Total Capital Investment.,...,....., Production Costs,....., , Major Process Equipment and Utilities Summary Simplified Material Balance.,.....,.., Fixed Capital Investment Production Costs Rhone-Poulenc p-xylene Purification Process Major Process Equipment List...., Rhone-Poulenc p-xylene Purification Process Fixed Capital Investment Rhone-Poulenc p-xylene Purification Process Operating Costs Major Process Equipment and Utilities Summary....,.. 77 Major Process Equipment and Utilities Summary ix

7 TABLES Stream Flows...., Stream Flows.,.,,,,.,,,..., Corrosion of Alloys in Xylene, HF, and BF, Mixture Composition of Alloys for Corrosion Tests Total Capital Investment , Total Capital Investment,.., Production Costs Production Costs Catalyst for Vapor Phase Isomerization , Molecular Sieve Catalysts for Isomerization.,.., Separation Factors for Chromatography of C, Aromatics Costs for Separation of Xylenes by Gas Chromatography Costs for Separation of Xylenes by Liquid Chromatography. 149 Dehydrocyclization of Hydrocarbons to p-xylene,.., X