Dr. Stefan Sommer GEOMAR Helmholtz- Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Wischhofstr. 1-3, D Kiel

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Dr. Stefan Sommer GEOMAR Helmholtz- Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Wischhofstr. 1-3, D Kiel"

Cory Harmon
5 years ago
Views:

Dr. Stefan Sommer GEOMAR Helmholtz- Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Wischhofstr. 1-3, D- 24148 Kiel Phone: +49 431 600 2119 Fax: +49 431 600 2928 e- mail: ssommer@geomar.de!!!!!! "#$#%&'&()*(!"+,-!

February 2013 D!G#%"H&!A(07=10?6'I(>?9E7!JK9!%6(/>J19*<=E>C!L)(0M!=8/>C(NC(17/92F(! Chief Scientist: Dr. Stefan Sommer H7!H8(>F!F(*!3O2!5(6(78(9*!=/8(>!P)9!F(>!0(?6?(>!$9/>*(Q?!8()!

$*R91C9/77U!,@!$9/>*(Q?(!VH'WX!7)?!44!Y?/?)1>(>!VF/9E>?(9!JK>J!3:='Y?/?)1>(>X-!+Z!.$5[&%'./*?*-!:\! Y<=0/E<=811?'!E>F!\\!")Q91*?9EQ?E9*1>F(>'#)>*]?6(!=/8(>!P)9!(9J10C9()<=!/8*10T)(9?2!5/6E!Q177(>!$ !C(R0/>?(X!Y?/?)1>(>!FE9<=C(JK=9?-!E7!*1!F(>!/>?)6`Q01>/0(>!;)98(0!7)?!F(7! T(97(**(>!=/?-!8(**(9!/EJ6E0a*(>2!5(9!E9*R9K>C0)<=!C(R0/>?(!,,2!$9/>*(Q?!VLX!8()!b!,4cO@ Y!d:c;! Q/>>!0()F(9!/EJC9E>F!T1>!

!C(R0/>?(X!Y?/?)1>(>!FE9<=C(JK=9?-!E7!*1!F(>!/>?)6`Q01>/0(>!;)98(0!7)?!F(7! T(97(**(>!=/?-!8(**(9!/EJ6E0a*(>2!5(9!E9*R9K>C0)<=!C(R0/>?(!,,2!$9/>*(Q?!VLX!8()!b!,4cO@ Y!d:c;! Q/>>!0()F(9!/EJC9E>F!T1>!

1 Dr. Stefan Sommer GEOMAR Helmholtz- Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Wischhofstr. 1-3, D Kiel Phone: Fax: e- mail: "#$#%&'&()*(!"+,-!./00/1'./00/1-!,2'342!5(6(78(9! Short cruise report RV Meteor cruise No. 92 A(97/>>!B/>C(D!E>F!F/*!"+,'$(/7! C allao (Peru) - Callao, 5. January 3. February 2013 D!G#%"H&!A(07=10?6'I(>?9E7!JK9!%6(/>J19*<=E>C!L)(0M!=8/>C(NC(17/92F(! Chief Scientist: Dr. Stefan Sommer H7!H8(>F!F(*!3O2!5(6(78(9*!=/8(>!P)9!F(>!0(?6?(>!$9/>*(Q?!8()! Captain: Michael Schneider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`Q01>/0(>!;)98(0!7)?!F(7! T(97(**(>!=/?-!8(**(9!/EJ6E0a*(>2!5(9!E9*R9K>C0)<=!C(R0/>?(!,,2!$9/>*(Q?!VLX!8()!b!,4cO@ Y!d:c;! Q/>>!0()F(9!/EJC9E>F!T1>!I()?7/>C(0!>)<=?!7(=9!8(R918?!P(9F(>-!*?/??F(**(>!PE9F(!>1<=!()>(! JK>J?(!3:='Y?/?)1>!/EJ!F(7!,@2!$9/>*(Q?!VWX!/8*10T)(9?2!#*!=(99*<=?(>!T19P)(C(>F!*(=9!CE?(! ;(??(98(F)>CE>C(>!E>F!0(F)C0)<=!/>!()>(9!Y?/?)1>-!/7!H>J/>C!F(*!0(?6?(>!$9/>*(Q?*!VWX-!7E**?(>!P)9! F)(!Y?/?)1>*/98()?(>!E>?(989(<=(>-!P()0!()>(!E>C0K<Q0)<=(!L178)>/?)1>!T1>!*?/9Q(9!L9(E6FK>CE>C! E>F!/EJJ9)*<=(>F(7!;)>F!F/*!HE**(?6(>!T1>!G(9]?(>!>)<=?!6E0)(e2!5/E(9=/J?(!G(9]?(/E*J]00(!P/9(>! >)<=?!6E!8(Q0/C(>-!*1!F/**!P)9!f(?6?!*<=1>!/EJ!()>(!*(=9!(9J10C9()<=(!g/=9?!6E9K<Q80)<Q(>-!F)(!E>*! ()>(>!()>7/0)C(>!5/?(>*/?6!8(*<=(9(>!P)9F2!! _<=!7a<=?(!7)<=!/>!F)(*(9!Y?(00(!)7!S/7(>!/00(9!g/=9??()0>(=7(9!*(=9!=(960)<=!8()!L/R)?]>!$=17/*! ;E>F(90)<=!E>F!*()>(9!"/>>*<=/J?!8(F/>Q(>-!F)(!FE9<=!)=9(!E>(97KF0)<=(!A)0J*8(9()?*<=/J?!E>F!?/?Q9]J?)C(!h>?(9*?K?6E>C-!()>(>!P(*(>?0)<=(>!$()0!6E7!G(0)>C(>!F(9!"(?(19'&()*(!"+,!8()C(?9/C(>! =/8(>2!i)(0(>!5/>Qj!! Station Map M92

2 2 Objectives Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ) are key regions for the biogeochemical cycling of major elements. Questions arise of how OMZ s are maintained and what are the potential feedbacks of benthic nutrient release on the presently observed spreading of OMZ s. The research cruise to the Peruvian OMZ was conducted within the context of the 2 nd phase of the Kiel SFB Main aims were: a. to determine variability of benthic nutrient release in response to the hydrodynamic forcing and regional differences in bottom water levels of O 2, NO 3 -, NO 2 -, and sedimentary carbon content (C org ); b. to investigate mixing in the benthic boundary layer (BBL) and to quantify diapycnal fluxes of excess N 2, NH 4 +, P, Fe, Si, radium isotopes across the BBL into the stratified interior ocean and into the mixed layer; c. to investigate processes involved in the respective benthic N, Fe, and P cycles. Narrative At the 2. January a small group of scientists arrived in Callao on Meteor ahead of the main group in order to unpack the containers and to start establishing the laboratories. Participants from LEGOS (France) and IMARPE (Peru) institutions were already present on RV Meteor to prepare the long- term mooring AMOP. At the 5. Jan. RV Meteor left Callao harbour in order to deploy the AMOP mooring at a station nearby Callao in a water depth of about 180 m. After successful deployment the RV Meteor went back to Calloa to disembark the French and Peruvian technicians and E. Breitbarth. At the morning of the 6. Jan. RV Meteor left Callao to head towards the main working area at 12 S. This depth- transect covers water depths from about 70 m to 1500 m and spans over a horizontal distance of about 45 nm. The station work started with deployments of the CTD/water sampling rosette and the TV guided multiple corer in order to test the suitability of the ground for further extended biogeochemical measurements also using different Lander. Subsequently, six sites in water depths of about 70, 150, 250, 400, 750, and 1000 m were designated as main sites for which all physical and biogeochemical measurements will become available. During the night work was continued with bathymetrical mapping. Knowledge on bathymetry is very important to assess where the energy of incident internal waves is dissipated, which is hypothesized to affect the exchange of solutes between the seafloor and the bottom water. In the following days the working programme was continued at the 12 S depth transect with the deployment of Gliders and moorings for hydrographical measurements. In addition 4 mini- lander for current and oxygen measurements were anchored at the seafloor. The glider, moorings and the mini- lander were deployed until the following M93 cruise. Until the 27. Jan. work at 12 S was continued with the deployments of different gears. The day- programme was dominated by the deployment of CTD casts, in situ pumps, GOFLO, TV- MUC, BIGO- lander and Profiler lander as well as moorings and gliders. During the night alternating deployments of CTD casts and the microstructure sensor were conducted. At the 27. Jan. the coax- cable for the deployment of video- guided instruments was changed for operations with the gravity corer. At the 28. Jan. we changed our working area to 11 S, which was investigated during cruise M77, for further gravity corer, microstructure sensor and CTD deployments. During the night of the 29. Jan. RV Meteor headed back to the working area at 12 S in order to complete gravity

3 3 corer deployments. At the 30.. Jan. we changed our working area to a site at 13 S in order to conduct a deployment of in situ pumps, multiple corer and the CTD water sampling rosette. At the 31. Jan. we stopped our scientific working programme due to an unfortunate accident of the electronic engineer who needed to be immediately transferred into the hospital. During all days the weather was calm allowing for smooth operations off the different gears. Acknowledgements We like to thank captain Michael Schneider, his officers and crew of RV METEOR for their support of our scientific programme and for creating a very friendly and professional working atmosphere on board. The ship time of METEOR was provided by the German Science Foundation (DFG) within the core program METEOR/MERIAN. Financial support for the different projects carried out during the cruise was mostly provided though the collaborative research program SFB 754 (Climate Biogeochemical interactions in the tropical Oceans) supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG). We are grateful for the participation of E. Johnston and J. Salazar from IMARPE (Peru), who performed own measurements and helped with the sampling. We like to thank also the authorities of Peru for their permission to carry out scientific work in their territorial waters.

4 4 2 Participants Name Discipline Institution Sommer, Stefan, Dr. Benthic Fluxes / Chief Scientist GEOMAR Bicking, Seabastian Benthic fluxes GEOMAR Bourbonnais, Anni, Dr. N- Geochemistry UMAS Breitbarth, Eike, Dr. Fe- Geochemistry GEOMAR Cherednichenko, Sergiy Technician Lander GEOMAR Dale, Andy, Dr. Porewater Geochemistry GEOMAR Dengler, Marcus, Dr. Phys. Oc., CTD / Microstructure GEOMAR Domeyer, Bettina Porewater Geochemistry GEOMAR Dullo, W- Christian, Prof. Dr. Mini- Lander / CTD GEOMAR Gasser, Beat, Dr. In situ pumps IAEL Gier, Johanna Microbiology GEOMAR Glud, Anni Profiler, Microsensors SDU Johnston J.C. Ernesto Foraminiferal Ecology IMARPE Koy, Uwe Technician Physical Oceanography GEOMAR Krahmann, Gerd, Dr. Phys. Oc., Glider / CTD GEOMAR Kriwanek, Sonja Technician Benthic Fluxes GEOMAR Larsen, Morten, Dr. Profiler, Microprofiling SDU Lomnitz, Ulrike P- Geochemistry GEOMAR Nitschkowsky, Dörte Fe- Geochemistry GEOMAR Petersen, Asmus Technician, Lander/Coring GEOMAR Reichert, Patrick Tracer Geochemistry GEOMAR Salazar, Jorge A.C. Foraminifera Ecology IMARPE Schüßler, Gabriele Technician, Microbiology GEOMAR Schweers, Johanna Microbiology GEOMAR Steigenberger, Sebastian Fe- Geochemistry GEOMAR Stolpovsky, Konstantin Video, Benthic Modelling GEOMAR Surberg, Regina Technician, Porewater Geochem. GEOMAR Thoenissen, Verena Porewater Geochemistry GEOMAR Treude, Tina, Prof. Dr. Trinkler, Sven Microbiology Geochemistry GEOMAR GEOMAR At the 5 th Jan. the scientific team was joined by French (LEGOS) and Peruvian (IMARPE) scientists and Dr. E. Breitbarth. GEOMAR, Helmholtz- Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Düsternbrooker Weg Kiel / Germany Internet: e- mail: ssommer@geomar.de IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency, Monaco, e- mail: b.gasser@iaea.org

5 5 IMARPE, Instituto del Mar Peru Esquina Gamarra y General Valle s/n Chucuito Calloa / Peru Internet: e- mail: mgraco@gmail.com LEGOS Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Research Unit "LEGOS" UMR 5566 (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS) 18 avenue Edourd Belin, Toulouse Cedex 9 / France Internet: mip.fr e- mail: aurelien.paulmier@legos.obs- mip.fr SDU University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, e- mail: aglud@biology.sdu.dk UMass School of Marine Sciences and Technology University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth 706 Rodney French Blvd New Bedford, MA / USA Internet: e- mail: maltabet@umassd.edu DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst Geschäftsfeld Seeschifffahrt Bernhard- Nocht- Straße Hamburg / Germany e- mail: seeschifffahrt@dwd.de Internet:

6 6 Stationlist M92 Station Gear No. Date Position Time Depth No Lat. [ S] Long. [ W] [UTC] [m] 1 CTD/RO ' ' 15: AMOP shield ' ' 16: AMOP shield ' ' 18: AMOP Mooring ' ' 21: CTD/RO ' ' 17: MUC ' ' 18: CTD/RO ' ' 20: MUC ' ' 20: CTD/RO ' ' 23: MUC ' ' 00: CTD/RO ' ' 01: MUC ' : MB Bathymetrie ' ' 04:53 14 GLIDER IFM ' ' 13: GLIDER IFM ' ' 14: Multi Beam EM ' ' 16: MUC ' ' 17: MUC ' ' 18: Mooring KPO ' ' 19: GoFlo ' 77 26' 20: GoFlo ' 77 26' 22: Bathymetrie ' ' 00:45 23 MUC ' ' 13: MUC ' ' 14: CTD/RO ' ' 15:09 305

7 7 26 MUC ' ' 15: Multibeam ' ' 16: Multibeam ' ' 17: Mooring KPO ' ' 18: BIGO ' : GoFlo ' 77 24' 23: CTD/RO ' ' 00: Bathymetrie MB- profile KPO ' ' 01: Satellite Mini Lander SLM ' ' 13: POZ- Lander ' ' 15: MUC ' ' 18: MUC ' ' 18: CTD/RO ' ' 20: In situ pumps ' ' 21: In situ pumps ' ' 23: CTD/RO ' ' 03: MUC ' ' 04: Glidertest/Bathymetry survey ' 77 40' 07: BIGO ' ' 13:21 45 CTD/RO ' ' 15: ,7 46 Multibeam ' ' 17: Mooring KPO ' ' 19: MSS ' ' 00: CTD/RO ' ' 01: In situ pumps ' ' 02: MSS ' ' 07: CTD/RO ' ' 08: CTD/RO ' ' 10: MUC ' ' 13:26 70

8 8 55 MUC ' ' 13: In situ pumps ' ' 15: BIGO- I ' ' 19: Profiler ' ' 21: SLM ' ' 22: GoFlo ' ' 00: CTD/RO ' ' 01: MUC ' ' 01: CTD/RO ' ' 03: MSS ' ' 03: MSS ' ' 06: CTD/RO ' ' 07: MSS ' ' 08: CTD/RO ' ' 09: MUC ' ' 12: In situ pumps ' ' 14: CTD/RO ' ' 16: GoFlo ' ' 17: BIGO- II ' ' 20: BIGO- II ' ' 21: SLM ' ' 22: CTD/RO ' ' 23: MSS ' ' 00: MSS ' ' 02: CTD ' ' 04: MSS ' ' 05: MSS ' ' 06: CTD/RO ' ' 08: MSS ' ' 09:16 240

9 9 84 CTD/RO ' ' 10: BIGO- I ' ' 13: MUC ' ' 15: MUC ' ' 16: Profiler ' ' 20:00 89 MUC ' ' 21: MUC ' ' 21: CTD/RO ' ' 22: CTD/RO ' 24.20' 23: MUC ' 00: MSS ' ' 02: CTD/RO ' ' 04: Bathymetry survey ' ' 05: BIGO- II ' ' 13: CTD/RO ' ' 17: MB ' ' 18: Mooring ' ' 20: MUC ' ' 23: GoFlo ' ' 01: CTD/RO ' ' 03: MSS ' ' 04: CTD/RO ' ' 09: MSS ' ' 10: MUC ' ' 13: MUC ' ' 13: Glider ' ' 15: BIGO- I ' ' 19: CTD ' ' 20: GoFlo ' ' 22:25 298

10 In situ pumps ' ' 00: CTD/RO ' ' 03: CTD/RO ' ' 04: MSS ' ' 04: MSS ' ' 07: CTD/RO ' ' 09: CTD ' ' 12: MUC ' ' 13: MUC ' ' 15: Glider IFM ' ' 16: Glider IFM ' ' 18: BIGO- II ' ' 20: Profiler ' ' 23: GoFlo ' ' 01: CTD/RO ' ' 03: MSS ' ' 06: CTD/RO ' ' 08: MSS ' ' 09: BIGO- I ' ' 13: CTD/RO ' ' 14: In situ pumps ' ' 16: Glider IFM ' ' 18: GoFlo ' ' 20: MUC ' ' 23: In situ pumps ' ' 00: CTD/RO ' ' 03: MSS ' ' 06: CTD/RO ' ' 08: MSS ' ' 09:05 130

11 CTD/RO ' ' 09: BIGO- II ' ' 13: In situ pumps ' ' 13: Glider IFM ' ' 17: Profiler ' ' 18: Mooring KPO ' ' 19: CTD/RO ' ' 20: MSS ' ' 21: CTD/RO ' ' 00: MSS ' ' 02: CTD/RO ' ' 05: MSS ' ' 06: CTD/RO ' ' 09: MUC ' ' 13: MUC ' ' 14: In situ pumps ' ' 16: CTD 44/RO ' ' 20: BIGO- I ' ' 22: Multi Beam ' ' 00: Profiler ' ' 13: CTD ' ' 15: MUC ' ' 16: MUC ' ' 17: BIGO- II ' ' 22: In situ pumps ' ' 23: CTD/RO ' ' 01: MSS ' 02: MSS ' ' 04: CTD/RO ' ' 06:36 130

12 MSS ' ' 07: CTD/RO ' ' 08: BIGO- I ' ' 12: CTD/RO ' ' 13: In situ pumps ' ' 15: Profiler ' ' 18: MUC ' ' 20: MUC ' ' 21: CTD/RO ' ' 22: ISP ' ' 21: CTD/RO ' ' 02: MSS ' ' 03: MSS ' ' 05: CTD/RO ' ' 07: MSS ' ' 08: CTD/RO ' ' 09: BIGO- II ' ' 12: ISP ' ' 14: Profiler ' ' 18: GoFlo ' ' 20: In situ pumps ' ' 23: CTD/RO ' ' 02: MSS ' ' 03: MSS ' ' 05: CTD/RO ' ' 06: MSS ' ' 07: CTD/RO ' ' 08: MUC ' ' 18: MUC ' ' 19:

13 CTD ' ' 20: BIGO ' ' 21: Profiler ' ' 22: MB ' ' 00: In situ pumps ' ' 13: CTD ' ' 16: Glider IFM ' 77 34' 18: BIGO ' ' 19: MUC ' ' 20: Profiler ' ' 23: CTD ' ' 00: In situ pumps ' ' 02: GoFlo ' ' 07: MSS ' ' 08: CTD/RO ' ' 09: MSS ' ' 10: CTD/RO ' ' 12: BIGO ' ' 13: MUC ' ' 15: MUC ' ' 16: MUC ' ' 16: Glider ' ' 18: Glider ' ' 18: MUC ' ' 21: Profiler ' ' 23: CTD/RO ' ' 23: MSS ' ' 00: CTD/RO ' ' 03: MSS ' ' 05:01 775

14 CTD/RO ' ' 06: MSS ' ' 08: CTD/RO ' ' 10: BIGO ' ' 13: Glider IFM ' ' 13: MUC ' ' 15: MUC ' ' 16: MUC ' ' 17: CTD/RO ' ' 18: MUC ' ' 20: In situ pumps ' ' 21: CTD/RO ' ' 02: CTD/RO ' ' 02: MSS ' ' 03: CTD/RO ' ' 05: MSS ' ' 06: CTD/RO ' ' 08: MSS ' ' 09: MUC ' ' 12: MUC ' : BIGO ' ' 15: Glider IFM ' ' 17: Profiler ' ' 19: GC ' ' 22: GC ' ' 23: GC ' ' 02: GC ' ' 13: CTD/RO ' ' 13: CTD/RO ' ' 14:39 150

15 CTD/RO ' ' 15: CTD/RO ' ' 16: CTD/RO ' ' 18: CTD/RO ' ' 19: GC ' ' 20: GC ' ' 21: CTD/RO ' ' 21: GC ' ' 00: CTD/RO ' ' 01: BIGO ' ' 13: GC ' ' 13: CTD/RO ' ' 14: GC ' ' 16: GC ' ' 16: GC ' ' 17: GC ' ' 17: GC ' ' 18: MSS ' ' 19: CTD/RO ' ' 20: Profiler ' ' 21: GoFlo ' ' 23: CTD/RO ' ' 00: MSS ' ' 01: CTD/RO ' ' 03: In situ pumps ' ' 12: CTD/RO ' ' 16: MUC ' ' 17: In situ pumps ' ' 17: MUC ' ' 21:45 599

16 MUC '' ' 23: CTD/Ro ' ' 04: MUC ' ' 13: Abbreviations of the different gears/measured parameter Water column CTD/RO (CTD Watersampling rosette): Physical properties, nutrients, N- isotope geochemistry Glider: Physical properties, turbulence, O 2 GOFLO: Fe measurements In situ pumps: radiotracer and C,N,P composition of particles MSS (Microstructure Sensor): Physical properties and turbulence Mooring: Currents (ADCP) Benthos BIGO- I, BIGO- II (Biogeochemical observatory, lander): Geochemistry, Microbiology GC (Gravity corer): Geochemistry, Microbiology MUC (Multiple corer video- guided): Geochemistry, Microbiology, Foraminifera MB (Multibeam): bathymetrical mapping, Total: 65.7 h nm Profiler: Microprofiles, NO 3 - and O 2 SLM (Satelite lander MOLAB): ADCP current measurements POZ Lander (Physical Oceanography Lander): ADCP current measurements

METEOR Cruise No. 77 Leg 1

Short Report METEOR Cruise No. 77 Leg 1 Talcahuano (Chile) Callao (Peru): 22. 10. 21. 11. 2008 Climate- Biogeochemistry interactions in the tropical ocean of the SE-American oxygen minimum zone Cruise