Underwater Acoustics. History and latest technology. Science and Geopolitcs of Himmalaya- Arctic- Antarctic. Tonny Algroey, Kongsberg Maritime

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1 Underwater Acoustics History and latest technology Science and Geopolitcs of Himmalaya- Arctic- Antarctic Tonny Algroey, Kongsberg Maritime

2 Agenda Introduction to KONGSBERG Underwater acoustics what is it, and what is it used for? Underwater acoustics a history of joint development between academia and industry Underwater Science current product range Research Vessel instrumentation Alternative plaforms such as moorings and autonomous vessels provides for extended information

3 The Kongsberg Group PROVIDING ADVANCED SOLUTIONS FOR EXTREME PERFORMANCE UNDER EXTREME CONDITIONS WORLD CLASS - through people, technology and dedication Page 3

4 The Kongsberg Group Business areas KONGSBERG MARITIME KONGSBERG DEFENCE SYSTEMS KONGSBERG PROTECH SYSTEMS KONGSBERG DIGITAL Strong market position within advanced applications for vessel operation in the oil and gas and marine industries Modern product portfolio in growing defence and aerospace niches Unrivalled global market leader in remote weapon stations Developing the next generation of digitalized products and services WORLD CLASS - through people, technology and dedication Page 4

5 Kongsberg Maritime Main Business areas OIL AND GAS SEABORN TRANSPORTATION MARINE Exploration Development Production Decommissioning Liquid Bulk Dry Bulk General cargo Passenger LNG & LPG Fisheries Aquaculture Underwater mapping Subsea monitoring Research Naval Photo credit: Statoil

6 Underwater Acoustics - what is it, and what is it used for? Actual survey design by IMR, NORWAY

7 Current status Acoustics - The marine ecosystem pictured in sound 38 khz 200 khz

8 Echo strength Current status Acoustics - The marine ecosystem pictured in sound Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) Frequency (khz) Euphausiid «fluid like» IMR, with permission

9 Echo strength Echo strength Echo strength Current status Acoustics - Multifrequency species separation Frequency (khz) Frequency (khz) Frequency (khz) Krill Mackerel Herring IMR, with permission

10 Research Vessels - Oceanographic applications for scientific systems Shelf Break Front: Double-Diffusive Laying? Fish Data from Andone Lavery, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Paper: Timothy F Duda et al, Methods in Oceanography 17 (2016)

11 Underwater Acoustics History First publication, Nature, Sundt (1935) RV Johan Hjort

12 Underwater Acoustics History SIMonsen RADio established in 1947 Learned new technologies during WW II Company started with Radio s First echosounder released in 1951 Close collaboration with the Norwegian Defence Establishment (FFI) and the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) from the start of the company

13 History

14 History

15 Current status Acoustics - Introducing EK80 Wideband system What is EK80 EK60 functionality And Wideband (Broadband) functionality New Wide Band Transceiver (WBT) New operating software (EK80) Existing and new transducers

16 Current status Acoustics - Wideband benefits Increased range resolution AND Long range Continuous target frequency response

17 Wideband in Summary Resolution and frequency spectrum IMR, with permission

18 The KM Ocean Observation System -Scientific Multibeam Systems adds 3D and 4D information Use beamforming to add multiple beams Used for quantitative water column surveys Depth 15-20m 3D and 4D info from the oceanspace All beams calibrated with calibration sphere Extremely low side lobes (-35 to -70 db) Extremely low cross talk (-35 to -70 db) ME70 and MS70i in combination covers the water column from surface to bottom Schooling Sand Eel close to bottom in the North Sea mapped with Simrad ME70 scientific multibeam / 18 /

19 The KM Ocean Observation System -real time 3D information

20 Omnidirectional Sonars -your eyes under water Mixed Krill & Hake aggregations Depth 15-20m Creates a radar like image around the vessel Up to meter horizontal range 360 degree horizontal coverage Navigation in confined waters 180 degree vertical coverage Advanced beamforming and noise filtering RAW data recording for further processing Low frequency versions (SU90 & SX90) Schooling fish entering fishing net High frequency version (SH90) Horizontal multibeam version (SN90) Transducers delivered on retractable hull units / 20 /

21 Research Vessels - a powerful platform equipped for modern ecoystem surveys A new standard for marine ecosystem assessments: 1 EK80 Wideband System 2 ME70 and/or MS70 Scientific Multibeam System 3 Omnidirectional Sonar Systems 4 Wired and Wireless Trawl Monitoring Real time 3D visualization: Pictures courtesy of owner institutions and designers

22 Specialised Acoustic systems Underwater Mapping MULTIBEAM ECHO SOUNDERS EM302 EM302 EM712 SUB BOTTOM PROFILERS SBP 300 TOPAS PS WORLD CLASS - through people, technology and dedication Page 22

23 Alternative Platforms The rationale (I): Research vessels are limited in numbers, and expensive to operate Leads to limited spatial and temporal resolution in data series Increased interest for ocean data Growth in data collection must come from alternative acoustic platforms The rationale (II): Difficult to resolve single targets in dense aggregations or at depth (Ts) Wideband fix range resolution, but acoustic beam still have an opening angle The rationale (III): Reaching deep scattering layers with higher frequencies Loss increase with frequency Increased interest in mesopelagic zones (commercial and scientific) And so much more: Silent, can reach new areas etc

24 The KM Ocean Observation System -EK80, a version for any platform Succeed the EK60 as the world standard for biomass assessment & water column studies Split beam reception Depth 15-20m Wideband capable Built in calibration Documented common RAW data output One version for all platforms, including vessels, autonomous vessels (surface and underwater) as well as drifting and stationary Special portable version to be released this year! / 24 /

25 Platforms & Applications Stationary Landers & Long term monitoring Alex de Robertis, AFSC/NOAA -with permission

26 Platforms & Applications WBAT mounted on CTD probe Mychtophides ( Bentosema glaciale) 400 m depth Dorsal wideband TS measurements Egil Ona, IMR -with permission

27 Rise speed (cm/s) Platforms & Applications WBAT on ROV, broadband characterization of methane bubbles Bubble Plume ROV Hercules 70, 120, 200, 333 khz wideband transducers Methane bubbles measured with WBAT The high resolution obtained with EK80 in wideband mode allows for detection and tracking of single bubbles within the plume Hydrate formation at the mouth of the Sleeping Dragon plume site Methane bubbles imaged with stereo high speed cameras Comparison of Acoustical and Optical Rise Speeds Bubble elevation (m) Andone Lavery, WHOI -with permission

28 Platforms & Applications WBT Mini on USV, collecting fisheries data with surface drone Summer 2016 deployment Make environmental measurements Monitor whale vocalization Evaluate the use of Saildrone as a platform for fish acoustics Characterize fine-scale prey resource availability for fur seals Saildrone (wwwsaildronecom) Wind propulsion Solar power Highly instrumented Satellite communication link Deployed from dock 100 km Collaboratetive work NOAA (PMEL & AFS), Saildrone Inc and Kongsberg Maritime -shown with permission

29 Depth (m) Echo strength Platforms & Applications WBT Mini on USV, collecting fisheries data with surface drone 0 Strong 50 Pollock aggregation 100 Seafloor Weak 150 Conclusion: Saildrone was well fitted as a platform for fisheries work 2017: New mission, this time with compressed EK80 data over satelite

30 wwwsimradcom