REVIEWS OF NATIONAL POLICIES FOR EDUCATION: BULGARIA SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

Transcription

1 REVIEWS OF NATIONAL POLICIES FOR EDUCATION: BULGARIA SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1

2 The OECD is not responsible for the quality of the Bulgarian translation and its coherence with the original tet 2

3 , Eric Burgeat 3

4 : : 20 : : : ³ (E ) 67 2 ³ : 68 3 ³ : 69 4 :

5 1 ( ) 5

6 ³ ³ 1 : 984) 6

7 ³ ³ ³ 2 ³, 2 $0DUJD%UDLQ'UDLQDQG3URIHVVLRQDO'HYHORSPHQWAttracting Young Scientists 2002 P 7

8 Ã Ã Ã Ã , ,5 Ã 23 Ã 22, : Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã

9 4 ³ 5 Ã Ã (% ) Ã Ã% Ã Ã Ã (% ) Ã Ã Ã (%) ( % Ã ) Ã Ã n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a : Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã, ; Ã Ã Ã Ã ³ 6 "? : Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Institute, 2004 : Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Institute, 2004 M Bullock, "Big Science for Small Countries: What are the Issues and What are the Priorities?" : National Strategies for Research in Smaller European Countries 2002 ALLEA,

10 [ ] ³?? " " ³ ³ " ( ) " ³? ³ 10

11 2 > 11

12 1990 ³ ( ) : K Simeonova (Editor), Analysis of the State and Development of Scientific Research in the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Country , Centre for Science Studies and Science History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1999 : Ã Ã2002 Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã ( Ã Ã Ã Ã : (1973 ); (1991 ) 12

13 61 62 ³ ( ³ 63 : 91 (3), 1999 ) ³ (2004 [ ] 7, 7 P Georgieva, Higher Education in Bulgaria UNESCO, CEPES, Bucharest,

14 : /1 1991/2 1992/3 1994/5 1995/6 1997/8 1998/9 1999/0 2000/ : Attracting Young Scientists, Conference Proceedings, 2002, p 4 ( ( ) CNRS CSIC ³ : OECD Report Review of National Policies for Education Bulgaria Paris: 2004 P Georgieva, opcit,

15 % : "Attracting Young Scientist", Conference Proceedings, 2002, p 10 (1) 9 ³ [ ] ³ 10 ³ ³ ³ ), " ( ( ) ³ , 64 ³ 9091" 1999, 11, P Georgieva, op it, p

16 , 61% 12 12, 16

17

18 : (, 1999 ) : 13 :, 1989 ³ 13 World Conference on Science, UNESCO, Paris, 2000: Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge, , parts 29, 30 18

19 , % : (1) ( 10% ), % 16 : :? ; , 1991, (1995 ) P Georgieva, Higher Education in Bulgaria, 2002, p P Georgieva, opcit, p

20 ³ : " ³ ³ " ³ " " ³ " " ³Towards a European Research Area [ERA] Brussels, 2000 ³Benchmarking National Research Policies (2002), ³Key Figures (2002) ³National Strategies of Research in Smaller European Countries (2002) M Bullock, ALLEA

21 : ( ) ( "? ³ " (, ) " ³ "?? : " " : "? ³ 21

22 : , (, ) 5 (c 6 7 c J Engelbrecht, ALLEA,

23 (c ) : 13 ( ( ); ); / ( ); ( ); ( ) ³ 23

24 , (2), 22 (2), (3) ( ( ),, : 23 ; European Commission, Benchmarking: National Research Policies Brussels: 2002 EURAB 02052, Enlargement and ERA 24

25 , E ) 24 ³ ³ ESF Policy Briefing Science Communication in Europe March, 2003, No " 030% ", 25

26 31 % (2002) 047 (2000) 133 (2000) 080 (2000) 152 (2001) 079 (2000) 048 (2000) 060 (2002) 180 (2002) 196 (2002) 378 (2002) 076 (2002) ( ) 193 : EC Key Figures (2002); Eurostat, New Cronos (2000); Ã Ã Ã Ã, (2003); Ã Ã, Statistical Office of Estonia (2001) 32, PPS (Purchasing Power Standard) / /) 6 510, Eurostat : EC Key Figures (2002); Ã (2003) : EC Key Figures (2002); (2003) 34 ( ) (?)

27 : EC Key Figures (2002); (2003); Baltov 1999; Research and Development in Estonia , ³ S Radosevic Restructuring and reintegration of science and technology systems in economies in transition EC SOE1 CT951008,

28 27 ; ; ; ; 28 ; ; OST " ",

29 Ã NSFINF) ³ ( , ; ; P Georgieva, opcit NATO Newsletter, No 62, March, ,

30 ; ; ; ; ; (2004 ) ) : (1997), ³ 30

31 32 ³ ³,, ³ ³ ( E ³ : 32 ( ) ³ 31

32 33 ³ ³ ³ UNESCOCEPES ³ CARDS E 33 Statement from the Dubrovnik Meeting of University Rectors of Southeast European Countries Inter University Centre in Dubrovnik, 23 August

33 ( ³ ³ ³ T ³ ³ ³ 33

34 E T 34 0 ECT ECT, ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ 34 Conclusions and Recommendations of the Seminar to the Prague Higher Education Summit The Bologna Process Seminar on Bachelorlevel Degrees Helsinki, 1617 February

35 ³ ³ (EC ) ECT ( ³ ³ ), " 35

36 : 35 ; ( ) ; ; ) ³ CNRS CSIC ³ 35 36

37 : ; ( 2001 ): ; E ); ( 10) 36 Baltov,

38 ³ a : ; ; 37 : 37 Attracting Young Scientists Strategies Against Brain Drain Conference Proceedings Oct, 2002, Sofia, Bulgaria MoES, DAAD, HRK, Sofia,

39 38 :? (73% 60 "?? " ", 38 K Vesselinov, "Brain Drain Opportunities for Narrowing the Scope of this Phenomenon in Bulgaria" In: Attracting Young Scientists Strategies Against Brain Drain, opcit, pp

40 ; ³ ³ 40

41 4 : ³, ³ ³ 41

42 ³ 42

43 41 Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã IT Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã (2001) ) 43

44 39 : ; 39 44

45 ( ) ; ; ; ), 13% % 45

46 ³ ³ 46

47 40 40, ( ) 47

48 41 : ; ; ; ; ³ ³ ( 41 J Senker et al, "European Comparison of Public Research Systems" University of Susse TSER Project SOE1 Susse: 1999, pp 1 and 50; the case studies are useful 48

49 ,, 49

50 ³, ³ (2000, 326) : ³ and³ (Husso et al 2000, 51): ; 1990 ³ 13% 27% (Husso et al

51 (1999),, ³ ³ ³ ³ ( 300) 51

52 PRTLI ³ PRTLI (, 2002): ; ; ;, 2002), ³ 52

53 PRTLI 42 ³ A ³ PRTLI

54 ³ (, 19 54

55 ³ :, ³ ³ 55

56 (2003) ³ ³ ³ [ (2003), ] ) 50% 56

57 : ; ( ) ( ( ); ³ ( ³ ³ (, : 2: ³ ³ 3: ³ ³ 57

58 ( 10), 58

59 5 ³ conditio sine qua non 59

60 ³ 43 ³ : ; ; ; ; ; Ä e 43 (PAL3) 60

61 ³ ³ : 1 ³ ³ 2 [ Benner & Sandstrom, (2000)] ³ 3 PRTLI 61

62 4 ³ 5 ³ ( ) 44 E (7 44 Europe and Basic Research, Communication from the European Commission, COM (2004)9, 14/01/04; and Europe s Search for Ecellence in Basic Research, Symposium Conclusions Final, Dublin 16/17 February

63 Baltov, A and Simeonova, K (1999), Science Evaluation as Rational and Social Process: The Eperience of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences In: Science Evaluation and its Management, V Paces et al, (Eds), IOS Press Benner, M and Sandstrom, U (2000), Institutionalizing the Triple Heli: Research Funding and Norms in the Academic System In: Research Policy Vol 29, pp Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publications, Amsterdam Bullock, M (2002), Big Science for Small Countries: What are the Issues and What are the Priorities? In: National Strategies of Research in Smaller European Countries Amsterdam: ALLEA [All European Academies] and Estonian Academy of Sciences Commission of the European Communities (2000), Towards a European Research Area (ERA) Brussels: European Commission Commission of the European Communities European (June 2002), Quality Indicators of Lifelong Learning Fifteen Quality Indicators Report based on the work of the Working Group on Quality Indicators Brussels: Commission of the European Communities (95 pp) Commission of the European Communities: Communication from the Commission (16 October 2002), The European Research Area: Providing New Momentum Strengthening Reorienting Opening up new perspectives Brussels: Commission of the European Communities (16 pp) Commission of the European Communities: Communication from the Commission (20 November 2002 ) European benchmarks in education and training: followup to the Lisbon European Council Brussels: Commission of the European Communities (28 pp) Commission of the European Communities: Communication from the Commission (10 January 2003) Investing efficiently in education and training: an imperative for Europe, Brussels: Commission of the European Communities (32 pp) Commission of the European Communities: Communication from the Commission (5 February 2003), The role of universities in the Europe of knowledge Brussels: Commission of the European Communities (23 pp) Commission of the European Communities: Communication from the Commission, (14 January 2004), Europe and Basic Research COM(2004)9 Commission of the European Communities (1617 February 2004), Europe s Search for Ecellence in Basic Research, Symposium Conclusions Final Dublin Council of Europe Meeting Report First Plenary Session, Strasbourg, (7 February 2003), Steering Committee for Higher Education and Research (CDESR) (7 pp) 63

64 Crow, M (2001), Universities and the New Manifest Destiny: Organizing Principles for Strategically Re Aligning American Research Universities Presentation at Columbia University, New York Unpublished Engelbrecht, J (2002), National Strategies of Research in the European Contet In: National Strategies of Research in Smaller European Countries, Amsterdam: ALLEA and Estonian Academy of Sciences Etzkowitz, H et al (2000), The Future of the University and the University of the Future: Evolution of Ivory Tower to Entrepreneurial Paradigm In: Research Policy Vol 29, pp European Commission DirectorateGeneral for Research (2002), Benchmarking National Research Policies Brussels: European Commission Web site European Commission (2000), Towards a European Research Area (ERA), Brussels: European Commission Web site European Federation of National Academies of Sciences and Humanities (2002) National Strategies of Research in Smaller European Countries Amsterdam: ALLEA and Estonian Academy of Sciences European Science Foundation (2000) Europe's Framework for Research: an ESF Position Paper, Strasbourg: ESF Georgieva, P, Todorova, L and Pilev, D (2002), Higher Education in Bulgaria Monographs in Higher Education Bucharest: UNESCO CEPES Guena, A, Hidayat, D and Martin, B (1999), Resource Allocation and Research Performance: The Assessment of Research Final Report HEFCE: Science and Technology Policy Research London: Her Majesty s Stationery Office Higher Education Authority of Ireland (2002), Creating and Sustaining the Innovation Society Forfas/Higher Education Authority Dublin: Government of the Republic of Ireland Government Publication Service Office, Ireland Higher Education Authority of Ireland (2003), Report of the Group on Research Overheads Forfas/Higher Education Authority Dublin: Government of the Republic of Ireland Government Publication Service Office, Ireland Husso, K et al, ed (2000), The State and Quality of Scientific Research in Finland: A Review of Scientific Research and its Environment in the Late 1990s, University of Helsinki Ministry of Education and Science, Sofia (2002), A Brief History of SEE Regional Research Cooperation Sofia: MES Ministry of Education and Science, Sofia (October 2002), Attracting Young Scientists: Strategies Against Brain Drain Conference Proceedings Sofia: MES with DAAD [German Academic Echange Service], and HRK [Higher Education Rectors' Conference] Ministry of Education and Science, and Ministry of Economics, Sofia Towards a Science, Technology and Innovation Policy for Bulgaria 15 July 2002 Sofia: MES with the Ministry of Economics Draft 64

65 National Institute of Statistics Labour Force Survey 3 (2004), Sofia: NIS OECD Review of National Policies for Education Bulgaria (2004) Paris: OECD Prague Communiqué 19 May 2001, Prague Communiqué about the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) See Commission of the European Communities, Towards a European Higher Education Area Prague: European Ministers in Charge of Higher Education, (4 pp) Radosevic, S (1999), Restructuring and Reintegration of Science and Technology Systems in Economies in Transition, EC SOE1CT Senker, J et al (September 1999), European Comparison of Public Research Systems TSER Project No SOE1 CT pertaining to The Changing Structure, Organisation and Nature of 12 European PSR Systems, University of Susse: SPRU Simeonova, K (Ed) (1999), Analysis of the State and Development of Scientific Research in the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Country , Sofia: Centre for Science Studies and Science History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Skilbeck, M (2001), The University Challenged: A Review of International Trends and Issues with Particular Reference to Ireland HEA/CHIU Dublin: The Higher Education Authority Available from wwwheaie Thornhill, D (2002), Incentives and Accountability: Instruments of Change in Higher Education National Policy Instrument and Institutional Behaviour: an Irish Case Study Paper delivered at the IMHE General Conference, September 2002 Paris OECD Available from wwwheaie UNESCO (2002), World Conference on Science Round Table of Ministers of Science on Rebuilding Scientific CoOperation in South East Europe, 24 October 2002 Paris: UNESCO UNESCO (2000), World Conference on Science Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge Paris: UNESCO Vesselinov, K (2002), Brain Drain Opportunities for Narrowing the Scope of this Phenomenon in Bulgaria In: Attracting Young Scientists Strategies Against Brain Drain, Conference Proceedings October 2002 Sofia: MES et al Watson, J (2000), The Academic Community and Cancer Research (1974) In: J Watson, (Ed), A Passion for DNA, Oford University Press Council of Europe Bologna web site European Commission, Directorate General for Education and Culture and European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) 65

66 National Institute of Statistics, Bulgaria TUNING Educational Structures in Europe 66

67 1 1 ³ (E ) : ³ ; : ; ; ³ ; ; ; ; 67

68 , IT 2 ³ :, ³ ; ; ³ ³, ³ TRIPS ( 68

69 3 ³ : ; ³ ; ); ; ; ; 4 : ; 69

70 ; ³ ; ); ; ³ ; ; ; ; 70