Survey of Seat Belt Use

Transcription

1 Survey of Seat Belt Use Wyoming 2013 The protocols implemented for this study are in accordance with the federal guidelines established in 2012, which distinguish it from all prior surveys of seat belt use in Wyoming. The standards and protocols align with the Uniform Criteria for State Observational Surveys of Seat Belt Use, 23 CFR Part The 2013 survey analysis is the second survey conducted under the 2012 guidelines for seat belt use in the state of Wyoming. PREPARED BY DLNCONSULTING, INC.

2 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS DLN Consulting, Inc. expresses appreciation to several individuals who were essential to the completion of this project. Lydia DeJesus assisted with project coordination; supervised coding, data entry, and quality assurance procedures; and developed spreadsheets, charts, and graphs. Charlene Friedt and Brian Nelson administered the coding, data entry, and quality control. Bridget White and Richard Macht conducted field monitoring. Without the dedicated hard work of the people who conducted the field observations, we could not complete this survey: Brianna Beck, Monty Byers, Alicia Caldwell, Crystal Cundall-Wrenn, Dallas Darden, David Dingham, Joan Dobbs, Randi Egley, Kristi Holyfield, Chereon Hoopes, Dorothy Johnstone, Sandy McCleery, Vicky Peterson, Kimberly Pihlak, Deb Taylor, and Melody Wilson Finally, special thanks to the staff of the Wyoming Highway Safety Program, especially, Robert Tomkins, Director and Anna Thompson, Occupant Protection Project Manager for their support during the project period. Deb Nelson, DLN President Project Administrator Keith Fernsler, PhD Project Analyst James G. Leibert, PhD Project Statistician i

3 Table of Contents 1 Acknowledgments...i 2 Executive Summary Quality Assurance Observers Data Entry Introduction Standard Error and Confidence Intervals The Observers The Frequencies Estimates of Occupant Belt Use Seat Belt Use by Drivers Seat Belt Use by Passengers Trends in Seat Belt Use in Wyoming Appendices Appendix A: State seat belt use reporting form Appendix B: Survey design for Wyoming Appendix C: NHTSA Approval and Final Review Appendix D: Detailed tables of collected data Unweighted Frequencies for Wyoming Seat Belt Survey, Observers by County of Observations, Wyoming Frequencies of Vehicle Types by County, Wyoming Occupant Belt Use Driver Belt Use Passenger Belt Use Comparison of 2012 and 2013 Seat Belt Usage Rates 12.5 Appendix E: Observer field test ratings Appendix F: Unknown seat belt use Appendix G: Reporting Requirements data collected at observations sites Appendix H: SPSS data dictionary ii

4 Figures & Tables Figure 1: vehicles in the sample with and without passengers... 6 Figure 2: Frequencies by occupant belt use... 6 Figure 3: Frequencies by gender... 7 Figure 4: Frequencies by county... 7 Figure 5: Frequencies by population density... 8 Figure 6: Frequencies by roadway type... 8 Figure 7: Frequencies by day of observation... 9 Figure 8: Freqencies by weekend and weekday... 9 Figure 9: Frequencies by vehicle type Figure 10: Frequencies by vehicle registration type Figure 11: Percent belted by occupant type Figure 12: Percent belted by gender Figure 13: Percent belted by county Figure 14: Percent belted by population density Figure 15: Percent belted by roadway type Figure 16: Percent belted by day of week Figure 17: Percent belted by weekday vs. weekend Figure 18: Percent belted by vehicle type Figure 19: Percent of females belted by vehicle type Figure 20: Percent of males belted by vehicle type Figure 21: Percent belted by vehicle registration type Figure 22: Percent of drivers belted by gender Figure 23: Percent of drivers belted by county Figure 24: Percent of drivers belted by population density Figure 25: Percent of drivers belted by roadway type Figure 26: Percent of drivers belted by day of week Figure 27: Percent of drivers belted by weekend vs weekday Figure 28: Percent of drivers belted by vehicle type Figure 29: percent of drivers belted by vehicle registration type Figure 30: Percent of male drivers belted by vehicle type Figure 31: Percent of female drivers belted by vehicle type Figure 32: Percent of passengers belted by gender Figure 33: Percent of passengers belted by county Figure 34: Percent of passengers belted by population density Figure 35: Percent of passengers belted by roadway type iii

5 Figure 36: Percent of belted passengers by day of week Figure 37: Percent of passengers belted by weekend vs. weekday Figure 38: Percent of passengers belted by vehicle type Figure 39: Percent of male passengers belted by vehicle type Figure 40: Percent of female passengers belted by vehicle type Figure 41: Percent of passengers belted by vehicle registration type Figure 42: Occupant seat belt rates in Wyoming for 2012 and Figure 43: Occupant seat belt rates by gender, Figure 44: Occupant seat belt rates by county, Figure 45: Occupant seat belt rates by population density, Figure 46: Occupant seat belt rates by roadway type, Figure 47: Occupant seat belt rates by vehicle type, Figure 48: Occupant seat belt rates by license status, Table 1: Occupant seat belt Use, with standard errors and confidence intervals, Wyoming Table 2: Observers by county of observations, Wyoming Table 3: Frequencies of Vehicle types by county, Wyoming Table 4: Occupant seat belt rates by county, iv

6 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The information contained in this report relates to the second annual Wyoming seat belt usage survey using standards and protocols implemented in The standards and protocols align with the Uniform Criteria for State Observational Surveys of Seat Belt Use, 23 CFR Part The overall estimate of seat belt use in 2013 for all vehicle occupants was 81.9 percent belted, with a standard error of 2.3 percent. The 2013 rate represents an increase of 6.4 percent over the rate of 77.0 percent in The 2013 estimate was based on observations of 15,428 drivers and 5,451 passengers, with complete data on seat belt use for 20,877 drivers and outboard, front seat passengers. The bulleted list below provide the highlights from the results on estimated seat belt use within the categories of a number of associated variables. The details on the results are presented in the body of the report. Passengers were more likely to be belted than drivers. Female vehicle occupants were more likely to be observed as belted than were males. There was considerable variation among the counties, with very low rates in some counties and very high rates in others. However, the data were different for this year in that the seat belt rate in some counties increased considerably. Vehicle occupants in rural sites were more likely to be wearing seat belts than occupants in urban sites. Vehicle occupants observed on primary roads had the highest rate of seat belt use, while the seat belt use rate for occupants observed on local, rural and city roads was much lower. Occupants on secondary roads were about average in seat belt use. Seat belt use was higher on weekends. During the weekdays, the rates fell off after Monday. Rates of seat belt use were similar for occupants of automobiles, vans and SUVs. The rate for occupants of pickup trucks was still the lowest among the different vehicles. Female vehicle occupants had higher rates of seat belt use in every type of vehicle. Occupants of vehicles registered in Wyoming had a lower rate of seat belt use than occupants of vehicles with license plates from other states. The report also contains estimates of seat belt use for occupants broken into the separate categories of drivers and passengers. Not surprisingly, passengers had higher rates of overall seat belt use than drivers, and higher rates of seat belt use within every one of the categories of the associated variables. Finally, comparisons are presented of the estimated results of the 2013 survey of seat belt use with the estimates from the 2012 survey. The most obvious difference was an increase in the overall estimate. The overall increase was reflected in increases within the categories of the variables associated with seat belt use. However, seat belt use actually declined within some categories, but the declines were offset by increases in other variables. 1

7 3 QUALITY ASSURANCE 3.1 OBSERVERS All observers participated in training. The training session was held during May 2013 prior to the survey. The training included both classroom instruction and field observations. Each observer was tested for an inter-accuracy ratio through participation in a minimum of three observation test sites. Test sites were selected to represent the types of sites and situations observers could expect to encounter during the actual survey. None of the practice test sites were actual sites in the sample of roadway segments. Observers worked in teams of two, observing the same vehicles but recording the observations independently on separate observation forms. Teams were rotated throughout the field training to ensure that each observer was paired at least three times with a different partner. Each observer recorded type of vehicle, seat belt use, and gender data during the tests. The average inter-accuracy ratio for all observers after testing was 93.6 percent, higher than the required 85 percent. At the conclusion of the training, observers and quality control monitors were given a posttraining quiz to ensure they understood the survey terminology, the data collection protocols, and the reporting requirements. The average score for all observers after testing was 94.4 percent. 3.2 DATA ENTRY Quality control standards were developed for the data entry. The following steps were taken by the data entry supervisor to ensure quality control: 1. Each site packet was double-checked to ensure that the actual number of observation sheets was the same as that noted by the observer. 2. Each observation sheet was double-checked to ensure the number of observations entered by the data entry operators equaled the actual number of observations. 3. All problems detected in the coding by the data entry operators were noted and brought to the attention of the supervisor prior to the data cleaning. In instances when a code appeared to be inaccurate, the supervisor, with the help of additional staff when necessary, determined the correct code for entry. 4. Each hard copy observation sheet was compared with the electronic data entry record, which mirrored the sheet. Data entry accuracy was recorded at 99.8 percent. All errors discovered during quality assurance checks were corrected to achieve 100 percent accuracy. 2

8 4 INTRODUCTION During the week of June 3 rd to June 9 th, 2013, sixteen trained observers were dispatched to sixteen counties in Wyoming with the charge to collect observations of seat belt use on vehicle occupants, specifically drivers and front-seat outboard passengers. These observers covered eighteen sites in each county, for a total of 288 different intersections. Each observer followed specific observational directions and protocols in recording occupant seat belt use for each vehicle that passed before them during their appointed times at each site. This report will discuss first the unweighted frequencies for occupant seat belt use and frequencies for associated variables. The observers collect data on both seat belt use and the details for additional variables, such as the gender of the occupants, the counties where observations are collected, the urban or rural classification of the site where the observation was collected, the day of the week, the gender of the occupant, the vehicle type, whether the vehicle was licensed in Wyoming or in another state, and the type of roadway (primary, secondary, or a local road). All of these frequencies for vehicle occupants will be presented first in order to provide a context for what comes next. What does come next is a presentation on the weighted estimates of occupant seat belt use within the categories of each of the associated variables. Technically known as cross tabulations, these finding show how occupant seat belt is related to these variables. The next section presents the same kinds of information, but the occupants are broken into their separate categories of drivers and passengers. There is a long history of seat belt studies that have documented how seat belt use is associated with driver gender, with travel on an interstate or local road, with the type of vehicle occupant (driver or passenger), and more, all of which will be discussed in this report. It is appropriate to offer a few words of caution before we proceed. These estimates take into account the sample probabilities associated with each observation. The estimates are produced by the construction of a sampling plan which is then incorporated into the complex samples module of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The result is that each of the observations is appropriately weighted so that the most accurate and representative estimates can be calculated. 3

9 5 STANDARD ERROR AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS Based on a sample of 20,877 observations, the overall estimate of seat belt use for Wyoming in 2013 was 81.9 percent belted, with 17.1 percent not belted; observers were unsure of the seat belt use status for 1.0 percent of the observations. The standard error of the mean for belted vehicle occupants was 2.3 percent. Table 1 presents the 2013 seat belt use data, which includes the confidence intervals for the weighted estimate of seat belt use for belted vehicle occupants. Table 1: Occupant seat belt Use, with standard errors and confidence intervals, Wyoming 2013 Standard 95% Confidence Interval Belt Use Estimate Error Lower Upper Belted 81.9% 2.3% 69.8% 89.8% Not Belted 17.1% Unsure 1.0% Total 100.0% 4

10 6 THE OBSERVERS It is an axiom of survey research that the quality of any data ultimately depends on the accurate records of those who are closest to the phenomena being measured. In this case, the skills of the trained observers, guided by the directions provided in the protocols, determine the quality of the results. The data arrived at DLN Consulting, Inc., where the observational codes were reviewed, case numbers assigned, data entry completed in Excel, and imported into SPSS. The SPSS data sets (one for all occupants, and one for both drivers and passengers) then received variable and value labels, and missing data specifications, accompanied by a search for errant codes and the introduction of necessary corrections. Table 2 lists the 16 observers and the county, in which they observed. The number of observations varies due to the variation in traffic. For the 2013 survey period, the average number of records by observer was 1,305. Collectively the observers collected data on 20,789 vehicle occupants. Table 2: Observers by county of observations, Wyoming 2013 Observers County Observations Percent Alicia Caldwell Big Horn % Crystal Cundall-Wrenn Campbell 1, % Melody Wilson Fremont 1, % Chereon Hoopes Lincoln 1, % Deb Taylor Natrona % Vicky Peterson Platte 1, % Sandy McCleery Sublette % Joan Dobbs Teton 2, % Randi Egley Uinta 1, % Monty Byers Albany 1, % David Dingham Carbon % Kimi Pihlak Johnson 1, % Dallas Darden Laramie % Dorothy Johnstone Park 1, % Kristi Holyfield Sheridan 1, % Brianna Beck Sweetwater 1, % Totals 20, % Average 1,305 per observer 5

11 7 THE FREQUENCIES In this section, the frequencies are reported. The vehicle occupants include the drivers and outboard, front seat passengers. For the Wyoming survey of seat belt use in 2013, observations were made on 15,428 vehicles. There were 5,451 passengers in those vehicles; in other words, 35.3 percent of the vehicles included both drivers and passengers. Nearly two-thirds of the vehicles (64.7%) had no passengers, only drivers. Figure 1 summarizes the information contained in this paragraph. Figure 1: vehicles in the sample with and without passengers 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, ,451 With Passengers 9,977 Without Passengers 15,428 Total Vehicles Complete data on belt use is available for 20,877 vehicle occupants, with 16,540 belted. Figure 2 illustrates the frequencies for vehicle occupants. Figure 2: Frequencies by occupant belt use 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, ,540 4, Belted Not Belted Unsure 6

12 There were 12,090 males and 8,737 females among the vehicle occupants. Figure 3: Frequencies by gender 14,000 12,000 12,090 10,000 8,000 8,737 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Male Female There were sixteen counties in the sample. The average number of observations per county was 1,305. Counties above the average included Albany, Campbell, Johnson, Platte, Sheridan, Teton and Uinta. The rest were below average in the frequency of observations. Figure 4 illustrates the frequencies for each county. Figure 4: Frequencies by county 3,000 2,500 2,518 2,000 1,887 1,924 1,958 1,500 1, ,094 1,150 1,242 1,287 1,344 1,491 1,

13 In Wyoming, sites in rural areas have fewer than 5,000 residents, while urban areas have a population of more than 5,000. Given that definition, 15,582 observations sites were in rural areas in this sample. Figure 5: Frequencies by population density 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, ,297 Urban 15,582 Rural One of the factors that influenced the site sampling, and, therefore, the sample weights, was the type of roadway. There are three types in the sample: primary roads, which include four-lane highways, like the interstates, for example; secondary roads, which are mostly federal and state-maintained highways; and local roadways, which are primarily local roads and city streets. For this survey, the largest numbers of occupants were on secondary roads, by a considerable margin. The fewest were on local and city roadways. Figure 6: Frequencies by roadway type 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, ,850 5, Primary Secondary Loc/Rur/City 8

14 Observers collected data during all days of the week. For the current survey, observers collected an average of 2,983 observations per day. Observation numbers were above the average for Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays. Mondays and Fridays were especially higher in observations than the other days. 6,000 Figure 7: Frequencies by day of observation 5,000 4,666 4,868 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,511 2,030 3,008 2,687 2,109 1,000 0 Of the 20,879 observations, 17, 259 were collected on weekdays and 3,620 collected on Saturday and Sunday. Figure 8: Frequencies by weekend and weekday 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, ,620 Weekend 17,259 Weekday 9

15 For this survey, there were more occupants in pickup trucks and automobiles, in that order, than in vans and sport utility vehicles (SUVs). However, the number in SUVs was not much lower than that for automobiles and pickups. Far fewer occupants were in vans than in the other vehicles. Figure 9: Frequencies by vehicle type 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, ,652 6,971 5,898 1,358 Auto Van SUV Pickup Observers also collected information on the type of license on each vehicle, classifying their observations as either Wyoming or other (out-of-state) licenses. Observers could also note that they were unsure about the license status of the vehicles. For this sample, 13,437 of the occupants were in Wyoming-licensed vehicles and 7,156 were licensed elsewhere. Figure 10: Frequencies by vehicle registration type 16,000 14,000 13,437 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 7,156 4,000 2,000 0 Wy License Other Unsure 1 10

16 The following table presents the number of vehicles in each vehicle type for each county in the sample. Table 3 includes the average number of vehicles across the counties so that the observer can make comparisons. For example, the number of occupants in pickup trucks was especially higher than average in Campbell, Platte, Teton and Uinta Counties. Table 3 illustrates the frequencies by vehicle type and county. Table 3: Frequencies of vehicle types by county, Wyoming 2013 County Auto Van SUV Pickup Total Albany ,491 Big Horn Campbell ,887 Carbon Fremont ,094 Johnson ,545 Laramie Lincoln ,242 Natrona Park ,150 Platte ,924 Sheridan ,344 Sublette Sweetwater ,287 Teton 1, ,518 Uinta ,958 Total 6,652 1,358 5,898 6,971 20,879 Average ,305 11

17 8 ESTIMATES OF OCCUPANT BELT USE In this section, the estimates of seat belt use are reported for the 2013 Wyoming seat belt survey. The estimates are included for the categories of each of the major variables. 1 The estimates of seat belt use for this survey are presented and illustrated by accompanying charts. The rate of seat belt use for passengers was 84.6 percent, compared to 80.8 percent for drivers. It is typical for seat belt surveys to find higher rates for passengers, partly because more passengers were female, and, as proven, customarily females have higher rates of seat belt use. Figure 11: Percent belted by occupant type 100.0% Belted 80.0% 80.8% 84.6% 81.9% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 18.7% 17.1% 12.7% 2.6% 0.4% 1.0% Drivers Passengers Total The rate for females was 85.9 percent, compared to 79.3 percent for males. Again, this is a typical finding for seat belt surveys. Figure 12: Percent belted by gender 100.0% Belted 80.0% 79.3% 85.9% 82.1% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 20.1% 17.2% 13.1% 0.6% 1.1% 0.8% Male Female Total 1 The charts in this section will focus on the estimated percent of belted vehicle occupants. The complete tables, which include the not belted and unsure categories and the unweighted counts, are found in Appendix D. 12

18 The seat belt use rate was above the average (81.9%) in Albany, Johnson, Lincoln Platte, Sublette, and Teton Counties. The highest estimated rate was in Teton County (99.0%), but the estimate for Johnson County (97.4%) was not much lower. The lowest rates were to be found in Sheridan (60.5%), Natrona (63.9%), and Big Horn (65.1%) Counties. Figure 13: Percent belted by county 120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 60.5% 62.3% 63.9% 65.1% 73.0% 73.0% 75.2% 76.8% 77.0% 77.1% 81.9% 82.7% 84.4% 85.7% 86.0% 97.4% 99.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Vehicle occupants observed in rural areas were belted at a rate of 84.5 percent, which is 12.1 percent higher than the 72.4 percent rate in sites defined as urban. Figure 14: Percent belted by population density 100.0% Belted 80.0% 72.4% 84.5% 81.9% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 27.1% 20.0% 14.3% 17.1% 0.0% 0.6% 1.1% 1.0% Urban Rural Total 13

19 The highest rate of seat belt use was found for vehicle occupants observed on primary roads at 87.9 percent. This rate was 7.9 percentage points higher than the rate on secondary roads (80.0%). The rate for occupants observed on local, rural and city roads was much lower at 60.3 percent, which was 27.3 percentage points lower than the usage rate for occupants on primary roads. Figure 15: Percent belted by roadway type 100.0% 80.0% 87.9% 80.0% 81.9% Belted Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 60.3% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 39.0% 19.3% 17.1% 10.1% 2.0% 0.7% 0.6% 1.0% Primary Secondary Loc/Rur/City Total The rate of seat belt use was much higher for occupants observed on Sundays (91.1%) and Tuesdays (90.2%) than for the other days of the week. Rates were also above average for Mondays (84.6%) and slightly higher than average on Saturdays (82.1%). Seat belt use rates were lower than average for the other days of the week. Figure 16: Percent belted by day of week 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total Belted 91.1% 84.6% 90.2% 77.7% 77.9% 76.2% 82.1% 81.9% Not Belted 8.1% 14.0% 9.1% 21.8% 19.9% 23.0% 17.4% 17.1% Unsure 0.8% 1.4% 0.7% 0.4% 2.2% 0.8% 0.5% 1.0% 14

20 Given that seat belt usage rates were above average on Sundays and Saturdays, it is not surprising to find that the weekend rate (85.6%) was higher than the weekday rate of 81.0 percent. The relatively high rate of use on Mondays (84.6%) boosted the overall weekday rate. Figure 17: Percent belted by weekday vs. weekend 100.0% Belted 80.0% 85.6% 81.0% 81.9% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 17.9% 17.1% 13.8% 0.6% 1.1% 1.0% Weekend Weekdays Total For this survey, seat belt usage rates were above the overall rate for occupants in all vehicle types except for pickup trucks. Occupants in pickup trucks were belted at a rate of 74.1 percent, which is 8 percentage points lower than the average for occupants in all vehicle types. 2 Figure 18: Percent belted by vehicle type 100.0% Belted 80.0% 84.8% 88.8% 86.6% 74.1% 82.1% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 25.0% 17.2% 14.5% 10.6% 12.6% 0.7% 0.6% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% Auto Van SUV Pickup Total 2 The average of 82.1 percent across all vehicle types is slightly higher than the average of 81.9 percent, due to missing data on vehicle types, which is relatively small but large enough to make a difference in the numbers. 15

21 Female vehicle occupants had higher rates of seat belt use in every type of vehicle, but the differences were not typically very large, except for pickup trucks. Although the rate for females was smallest when they were in pickup trucks, 79.8 percent, this was still 7.3 percentage points higher than the rate for males in pickup trucks. Figure 19: Percent of males belted by vehicle type 100.0% Belted 80.0% 83.7% 87.4% 85.2% 72.5% 79.3% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 15.9% 12.1% 14.2% 26.9% 20.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% Auto Van SUV Pickup Total Figure 20: Percent of females belted by vehicle type 100.0% 80.0% 85.9% 90.4% 87.9% 79.8% 85.9% Belted Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 18.3% 13.2% 13.1% 8.9% 11.2% 0.9% 1.8% 1.1% 0.8% 1.0% Auto Van SUV Pickup Total 16

22 The seat belt usage rate for Wyoming-licensed vehicles was 76.2 percent, which is considerably lower than the rate for occupants in vehicles licensed elsewhere, 91.1 percent, a difference of 14.9 percentage points. It is reasonable to conclude that occupants of out-of-state vehicles help raise the overall seat belt use rate for Wyoming, perhaps by as much as 5.7 percentage points. Figure 21: Percent belted by vehicle registration type 100.0% 80.0% 76.2% 91.1% 100.0% 81.9% Belted Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 23.0% 17.1% 7.7% 0.9% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% Wyoming Other Unsure Total 17

23 9 SEAT BELT USE BY DRIVERS In this section, the drivers are isolated for analysis. The illustrative graphs below present the estimates of seat belt use by drivers. The appendix contains the detailed data tables. The estimated rate of seat belt use for male drivers was 79.7 percent, which was 3.6 percentage points lower than the rate for female drivers at 83.3 percent. Because of the higher rate of seat belt use by females, the overall estimated rate increased by approximately 2.5 percentage points. Note that for drivers the overall estimated seat belt usage rate was 80.8 percent. Figure 22: Percent of drivers belted by gender 100.0% Belted 80.0% 79.7% 83.3% 80.8% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 19.8% 16.4% 18.7% 0.0% 0.5% 0.3% 0.4% Male Female Total The counties where the estimated rates of seat belt use were above the average of 80.8 percent for all drivers included Albany (83.2%), Carbon (85.2%), Johnson (96.9%), Lincoln (81.4%), Platte (84.3%), Sublette (84.1%), and Teton (98.6%). Counties with the lowest rates of seat belt use by drivers included Big Horn (64.1%), Natrona (63.9%), Park (70.7%), and Sheridan (60.1%). Figure 23: Percent of drivers belted by county 120.0% 100.0% 96.9% 98.6% 80.0% 60.0% 60.1% 62.8% 63.9% 64.1% 70.7% 71.7% 74.6% 75.8% 76.9% 81.4% 83.2% 84.1% 84.3% 85.2% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 18

24 The drivers in urban sites were belted at a rate of 71.2 percent, which was 12.5 percentage points lower than the rate of 83.7 percent for drivers in rural areas. Figure 24: Percent of drivers belted by population density 100.0% Belted 80.0% 71.2% 83.7% 80.8% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 28.5% 20.0% 15.8% 18.7% 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% Urban Rural Total Drivers observed on primary roads were belted at a rate of 88.4 percent, which was higher than the rates on secondary roads or local, rural or city roads. The rate on primary roads was 28.0 percentage points higher than the rate for drivers on local, rural and city roads. Figure 25: Percent of drivers belted by roadway type 100.0% 80.0% 88.4% 78.6% 80.8% Belted Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 60.4% 40.0% 38.8% 20.0% 0.0% 21.0% 18.7% 11.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.8% 0.4% Primary Secondary Loc/Rur/City Total 19

25 Drivers were more likely to be observed wearing seat belts on Sundays (90.2%) and Tuesdays (89.4%). The lowest observed rate for drivers occurs on Fridays (74.7%). Figure 26: Percent of drivers belted by day of week 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total Belted 90.2% 84.4% 89.4% 76.2% 77.7% 74.7% 80.3% 80.8% Not Belted 9.5% 14.8% 10.1% 23.7% 21.9% 25.1% 19.3% 18.7% Unsure 0.3% 0.8% 0.5% 0.1% 0.4% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% Drivers were more likely to be observed wearing seat belts on the weekend (Saturdays and Sundays), when the rate was 84.1 percent belted. On the weekdays, the rate was 80.2 percent. Figure 27: Percent of drivers belted by weekend vs weekday 100.0% Belted 80.0% 84.1% 80.2% 80.8% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 15.6% 19.4% 18.7% 0.0% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% Weekend Weekdays Total 20

26 Drivers were most likely to be belted in vans (87.8%) and SUVs (86.1%), with drivers in automobiles belted at a slightly lower rate (83.3%). Not surprisingly, drivers in pickup trucks were belted at the lowest rate of 73.3 percent, which was 7.5 percentage points lower than the overall estimated rate for drivers (80.8%). Figure 28: Percent of drivers belted by vehicle type 100.0% Belted 80.0% 83.3% 87.8% 86.1% 73.3% 80.8% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 16.3% 12.0% 13.5% 26.2% 18.7% 0.0% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% Auto Van SUV Pickup Total Drivers in vehicles displaying Wyoming license plates were belted at a rate of 75.8 percent, which was 15.1 percentage points lower than the rate for drivers in out-of-state vehicles. The out-of-state drivers helped raise the overall rate for drivers by about 5.1 percentage points. Figure 29: percent of drivers belted by vehicle registration type 100.0% 80.0% 75.8% 90.9% 100.0% 80.9% Belted Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 23.7% 18.7% 8.9% 0.5% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% Wyoming Other Unsure Total 21

27 Both male and female drivers in automobiles, vans, and SUVs had rates of seat belt use that were above the overall average (80.8%). Both males and females had usage rates below the average rate when observed in pickup trucks. Male drivers in pickup trucks were belted at a rate of 72.8 percent, which was 3.2 percentage points lower than the rate for females in pickup trucks (76.5%). Generally, the rates for female drivers and male drivers were more alike than different across the different types of vehicles. Figure 30: Percent of male drivers belted by vehicle type 100.0% Belted 80.0% 84.2% 87.3% 85.8% 72.8% 79.7% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 15.4% 12.3% 13.8% 26.7% 19.8% 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% Auto Van SUV Pickup Total Figure 31: Percent of female drivers belted by vehicle type 100.0% Belted 80.0% 82.0% 88.6% 86.5% 76.5% 83.3% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 17.6% 11.4% 13.3% 23.2% 16.4% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% Auto Van SUV Pickup Total 22

28 10 SEAT BELT USE BY PASSENGERS In this section, seat belt use by outboard passengers is presented for the same variables as for occupants and drivers. In each case, the usage rate will be presented along with illustrative graphs. More detailed tables are presented in the appendix. For the sake of context, it should be noted that the overall passenger seat belt rate was 84.6 percent. 3 While more drivers were male than female, females were usually much more likely to be passengers. For this survey, 69.0 percent of the passengers were female. Women were also more likely to wear seat belts. For this survey, 89.0 percent of the female passengers were observed as belted, compared to 76.8 percent of male passengers, a difference of 12.2 percentage points. 4 Figure 32: Percent of passengers belted by gender 100.0% 80.0% 76.8% 89.0% 85.4% Belted Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 21.9% 12.8% 9.0% 1.3% 2.0% 1.8% Male Female Total 3 Because of missing data, the actual overall rate may differ. For example, for the data that includes passenger gender, the overall rate is 85.4 percent. Any such variation usually amounts to no more than a percent or a fraction of a percent. 4 As a side note, we cross tabulated driver and passenger belt use. We found that when drivers were belted, passengers were belted 94.9 percent of the time. We do not presume to know the causality, but it is interesting to note that drivers and passengers tend to behave similarly when it comes to seat belt use. 23

29 The passenger seat belt usage rate exceeded the overall rate for passengers (84.6%) in the counties of Albany (88.5%), Johnson (98.5%), Lincoln (85.7%), Platte (89.2%), Sublette (90.4%), and Teton (99.7%). Rates were well below the average in the counties of Big Horn (68.8%), Campbell (60.3%), Carbon (50.7%), and Sheridan (61.6%). 5 Figure 33: Percent of passengers belted by county 120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 50.7% 60.3% 61.6% 63.9% 74.0% 68.8% 77.8% 78.6% 80.7% 82.5% 85.7% 88.5% 89.2% 90.4% 98.5% 99.7% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Passengers in rural areas were belted at a rate of 86.6 percent, compared to 76.4 percent of passengers in urban sites, which was a difference of 10.2 percentage points. Figure 34: Percent of passengers belted by population density 100.0% Belted 80.0% 76.4% 86.6% 84.6% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 22.5% 10.4% 12.7% 1.1% 3.0% 2.6% Urban Rural Total 5 The reader should be cautious in generalizing from these percentages because many of the counties had vehicles with relatively few passengers. 24

30 Passengers observed in vehicles on primary roads were belted at a rate of 86.6 percent, which is similar to the rate of 84.1 percent on secondary roads. The rate on local, rural and city road sites is 59.7 percent, one of the lowest seat belt usage rates to be found in this data. However, there were only 125 passengers in the data set observed on these local, rural and city roadways. Although their usage rate was low, it had relatively little effect on the overall rates in this survey. Figure 35: Percent of passengers belted by roadway type 100.0% Belted 80.0% 86.6% 84.1% 84.6% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 59.7% 40.0% 40.3% 20.0% 0.0% 14.5% 12.7% 7.4% 6.1% 1.4% 0.0% 2.6% Primary Secondary Loc/Rur/City Total Seat belt usage rates for passengers tended to follow the overall rates when it came to the days of the week. Seat belt usage rates were highest on Sundays (92.6%) and Tuesdays (92.3%) The rates tended to decline to below average on Wednesdays through Fridays, then rose on Saturdays to above average at a rate of 85.5 percent. Figure 36: Percent of belted passengers by day of week 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesd ay Thursday Friday Saturday Total Belted 92.6% 85.3% 92.3% 82.0% 78.5% 80.6% 85.5% 84.6% Not Belted 5.8% 11.3% 6.5% 16.8% 14.1% 16.8% 13.7% 12.7% Unsure 1.6% 3.3% 1.2% 1.2% 7.5% 2.6% 0.8% 2.6% 25

31 Given the pattern for the days of the week, it is not surprising to find that seat belt use for passengers was higher on weekends (88.4%) than it was during the week (83.5%). Figure 37: Percent of passengers belted by weekend vs. weekday 100.0% 80.0% 88.4% 83.5% 84.6% Belted Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 13.5% 12.7% 10.5% 1.2% 3.1% 2.6% Weekend Weekdays Total There were only modest differences of less than three percentage points among passengers in automobiles, vans, and SUVs. However, and not surprisingly, passengers in pickup trucks were least likely to be belted, with a seat belt usage rate of 76.2 percent. This rate for passengers in pickups was 8.4 percentage points below the overall average for passengers of Figure 38: Percent of passengers belted by vehicle type 100.0% Belted 80.0% 88.0% 89.9% 87.2% 76.2% 84.6% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 20.6% 12.7% 9.9% 7.7% 10.1% 2.1% 2.4% 2.7% 3.2% 2.6% Auto Van SUV Pickup Total 26

32 Seat belt usage rates for the combination of gender and vehicle type are best viewed in graphic form. Male passengers had lower rates of seat belt use in every type of vehicle. Female passengers were 10.8 percentage points more likely to be belted in automobiles, 4.2 percentage points more in vans, 8.0 percentage points more in SUVs, and 12.3 percentage points more in pickup trucks. Figure 39: Percent of male passengers belted by vehicle type 100.0% Belted 80.0% 80.3% 87.7% 81.9% 70.4% 76.8% Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 28.1% 21.9% 18.8% 16.5% 11.2% 0.9% 1.1% 1.5% 1.5% 1.3% Auto Van SUV Pickup Total Figure 40: Percent of female passengers belted by vehicle type 100.0% 80.0% 91.1% 91.9% 89.9% 82.7% 89.0% Belted Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 14.2% 9.0% 7.4% 6.6% 8.1% 1.5% 1.4% 2.0% 3.2% 2.0% Auto Van SUV Pickup Total 27

33 Passengers in Wyoming-registered vehicles had a seat belt usage rate of 77.5 percent, compared to a rate of 91.4 percent for passengers in out-of-state vehicles. This was a difference of 13.9 percentage points. Figure 41: Percent of passengers belted by vehicle registration type 100.0% 80.0% 77.5% 91.4% 84.6% Belted Not Belted Unsure 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 20.3% 12.8% 2.2% 5.6% 3.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6% Wyoming Other Unsure Total 28

34 11 TRENDS IN SEAT BELT USE IN WYOMING This is the second year using a new methodology and sample for the Wyoming seat belt usage survey. Therefore, this last section is a comparison between the results for 2012 and The focus will be on vehicle occupants and their seat belt use across the associated variables. Each result is accompanied by an illustrative graph. The occupant seat belt usage rate was 77.0 percent in 2012 and was 81.9 percent in 2013, an increase of 4.9 percentage points. Figure 42: Occupant seat belt rates in Wyoming for 2012 and % 80.0% 77.0% 81.9% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 4.9% Difference Women had higher rates of seat belt use than men for both years. However, the rate for men increased by 5.8 percentage points, while the rate for women increased by 3.2 percentage points. The gap between men and women may be closing, but two years of data is not enough to reach any conclusion. Figure 43: Occupant seat belt rates by gender, % Difference 80.0% 73.5% 79.3% 82.7% 85.9% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 5.8% 3.2% 0.0% Male Female 29

35 While there were relatively small changes between 2012 and 2013 for most of the counties in the sample, some changed significantly. In particular, the seat belt rate increased by 10.2 percentage points in Albany County, 22.6 percentage points in Johnson County, and 16.8 percentage points in Sweetwater County 6. These substantial increases were offset by relatively small decreases in the seat belt rates in Carbon County, and Sheridan County, with only modest changes in the rest of the counties. Table 4: Occupant seat belt rates by county, Difference Albany 74.2% 84.4% 10.2% Big Horn 60.2% 65.1% 4.9% Campbell 60.3% 62.3% 2.0% Carbon 83.0% 77.0% -6.0% Fremont 72.2% 75.2% 3.0% Johnson 74.8% 97.4% 22.6% Laramie 74.3% 73.0% -1.3% Lincoln 81.4% 82.7% 1.3% Natrona 63.1% 63.9% 0.8% Park 73.6% 73.0% -0.6% Platte 84.5% 85.7% 1.2% Sheridan 65.0% 60.5% -4.5% Sublette 83.0% 86.0% 3.0% Sweetwater 60.3% 77.1% 16.8% Teton 98.3% 99.0% 0.7% Uinta 72.1% 76.8% 4.7% Figure 44: Occupant seat belt rates by county, % 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% The significant difference in Johnson County may be an anomaly and will warrant scrutiny when comparing in subsequent years. 30

36 Seat belt use in urban sites decreased by 6.2 percentage points, but this was largely offset by an increase of 8.0 percentage points in rural areas. Figure 45: Occupant seat belt rates by population density, % Difference 80.0% 78.6% 72.4% 76.5% 84.5% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 8.0% 0.0% -20.0% Urban -6.2% Rural Seat belt use increased on both primary (7.7%) and secondary (2.5%) roadways in However, seat belt use declined by 5.7 percentage points on local, rural, and city roadways between 2012 and Figure 46: Occupant seat belt rates by roadway type, % 80.0% 60.0% 80.2% 87.9% 77.5% 80.0% Difference 66.0% 60.3% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% -20.0% 7.7% 2.5% Primary Secondary Loc/Rur/City -5.7% 31

37 Seat belt use rates increased for occupants of all vehicle types between 2012 and The increase was greatest for occupants in automobiles, a change of 6.6 percentage points. The second largest increase occurred for occupants in pickup trucks, a 4.9 percentage points increase. However, pickup truck occupants still had the lowest seat belt use rate in 2013, just as they did in Figure 47: Occupant seat belt rates by vehicle type, % 80.0% 60.0% 84.8% 78.2% Difference 88.8% 84.7% 83.7% 86.6% 74.1% 69.2% 40.0% 20.0% 6.6% 4.1% 2.9% 4.9% 0.0% Automobile Van SUV Pickup Occupants in Wyoming registered vehicles had an increase in seat belt use between 2012 and However, the change in the rate for occupants in out-of-state vehicles was greater. Even though the Wyoming rate increased from 72.2 to 76.2 percent, it was still relatively low. Out-of-state vehicle occupants, belted at a rate of 91.1 percent for 2013, continued to show a much higher rate of seat belt use than occupants of Wyoming-registered vehicles. Figure 48: Occupant seat belt rates by license status, % 86.3% 91.1% % 72.2% 76.2% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Wyoming 4.0% 4.8% Other 32

38 12 APPENDICES 33

39 12.1 APPENDIX A: STATE SEAT BELT USE REPORTING FORM 34

40 State Seat Belt Use Survey Reporting Form PART A State: Wyoming Calendar Year of Survey: 2013 Statewide Seat Belt use Rate: 81.9 Percent I hereby certify that: The Governor designated Matt Carlson as the State s Highway Safety Representative (GR), and has the authority to sign the certification in writing. The reported Statewide seat belt use rate is based on a survey design that received approval by NHTSA, in writing, as conforming to the Uniform Criteria for State Observational Surveys of Seat Belt Use, 23 CFR Part The survey design remained unchanged since NHTSA approved the survey. Dr. James G. Leibert 7, a qualified survey statistician, reviewed the seat belt use rate reported above and information reported in Part B and determined that they meet the Uniform Criteria for State Observational Surveys of Seat Belt Use, 23 CFR Part Signature Date Printed name of signing official 7 In accordance with the final rule published in Federal Register Vol. 76 No. 63, April 1, 2011, Rules and Regulations, pp , DLN contracted with statistician, Dr. James G. Leibert to determine that the methods used to process the collected data met the Uniform Criteria for State Observational Surveys of Seat Belt Use, 23 CFR Part Dr. Leibert reviewed the SPSS output files and related data tables to confirm the data are accurate and true. A copy of Dr. Leibert s abbreviate resume follows.

41 5820 York Ave. S. Edina, MN Phone James G. Leibert, PhD. Summary Creative problem solver with knowledge of and experience in a broad array of statistical and computational tools and techniques. I understand that there is no one tool or technique that can be used for every situation. I can quickly see connections and use tools and techniques from other fields as appropriate. Employment Research Scientist III, Minnesota Department of Human Services, Disability Services Division, St. Paul, MN. Current Chair, Dept. of Political Science and Public Administration / Director of the Master of Public Administration Program / Dean of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies, Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics, and Strategic Research (KIMEP), Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Associate Professor ( ) / International Programs Coordinator ( ) Chairman of the Department of Social Sciences ( ) \ Assistant Professor ( ), Dickinson State University Dickinson, ND, Leadership Team Player Problem Solving

42 12.2 APPENDIX B: SURVEY DESIGN FOR WYOMING The Wyoming Department of Transportation Highway Safety Program in collaboration with DLN Consulting, Inc. designed the following sampling, data collection, and estimation plan. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration accepted and approved the plan on April 24, A copy of the approval notification can be found in Appendix C. 35

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85 Unweighted Frequencies for Wyoming Seat Belt Survey, 2013 Variable Category Unwtd Counts Occupant Belt Use Belted 16,540 Not Belted 4,110 Unsure 227 Total 20,877 Variable Category Unwtd Counts Occupant Gender Male 12,090 Female 8,737 Total 20,827 Variable Category Unwtd Counts County Albany 1,491 Big Horn 502 Campbell 1,887 Carbon 819 Fremont 1,094 Johnson 1,545 Laramie 661 Lincoln 1,242 Natrona 816 Park 1,150 Platte 1,924 Sheridan 1,344 Sublette 641 Sweetwater 1,287 Teton 2,518 Uinta 1,958 Total 20,879 Average 1,305

86 Variable Category Unwtd Counts Population Density Urban 5,297 Rural 15,582 Total 20,879 Variable Category Unwtd Counts Roadway Type Primary 5,210 Secondary 14,850 Loc/Rur/City 819 Total 20,879 Variable Category Unwtd Counts Weekday Sunday 1,511 Monday 4,666 Tuesday 2,030 Wednesday 3,008 Thursday 2,687 Friday 4,868 Saturday 2,109 Total 20,879 Average 2,983 Variable Category Unwtd Counts Weekend Weekend 3,620 Weekday 17,259 Total 20,879 Variable Category Unwtd Counts Vehicle Type Auto 6,652 Van 1,358 SUV 5,898 Pickup 6,971 Total 20,879

87 Variable Category Unwtd Counts License Type Wy License 13,437 Other 7,156 Unsure 1 Total 20,594 Vehicles in the Sample with and without Passengers Vehicles Frequency With Passengers 5,451 Without Passengers 9,977 Total Vehicles 15,428 Frequencies of Vehicle Types by County, Wyoming 2013 Vehicle Type County Auto Van SUV Pickup Total Albany ,491 Big Horn Campbell ,887 Carbon Fremont ,094 Johnson ,545 Laramie Lincoln ,242 Natrona Park ,150 Platte ,924 Sheridan ,344 Sublette Sweetwater ,287 Teton 1, ,518 Uinta ,958 Total 6,652 1,358 5,898 6,971 20,879 Average ,305

88 Observers by County of Observations, Wyoming 2013 Observers County Observations Percent Alicia Caldwell Big Horn % Crystal Cundall-Wrenn Campbell 1, % Melody Wilson Fremont 1, % Chereon Hoopes Lincoln 1, % Deb Taylor Natrona % Vicky Peterson Platte 1, % Sandy McCleery Sublette % Joan Dobbs Teton 2, % Randi Egley Uinta 1, % Monty Byers Albany 1, % David Dingham Carbon % Kimberly Pihtak Johnson 1, % Dallas Darden Laramie % Dorothy Johnstone Park 1, % Kristi Holyfield Sheridan 1, % Brianna Bek Sweetwater 1, % Totals 20, % Average 1,305 per observer

89 Frequencies of Vehicle Types by County, Wyoming 2013 Vehicle Type County Auto Van SUV Pickup Total Albany ,491 Big Horn Campbell ,887 Carbon Fremont ,094 Johnson ,545 Laramie Lincoln ,242 Natrona Park ,150 Platte ,924 Sheridan ,344 Sublette Sweetwater ,287 Teton 1, ,518 Uinta ,958 Total 6,652 1,358 5,898 6,971 20,879 Average ,305

90 Occupant Belt Use Occupant Belt Use by Occupant Gender Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Gender Male 79.3% 20.1% 0.6% 100.0% 12,088 Female 85.9% 13.1% 1.1% 100.0% 8,737 Total 82.1% 17.2% 0.8% 100.0% 20,825 Occupant Belt Use by County of Observations Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count County Albany 84.4% 15.2% 0.4% 100.0% 1,491 Big Horn 65.1% 29.5% 5.4% 100.0% 502 Campbell 62.3% 34.0% 3.7% 100.0% 1,887 Carbon 77.0% 13.5% 9.5% 100.0% 819 Fremont 75.2% 24.7% 0.1% 100.0% 1,093 Johnson 97.4% 2.3% 0.3% 100.0% 1,544 Laramie 73.0% 24.8% 2.1% 100.0% 661 Lincoln 82.7% 17.3% 0.0% 100.0% 1,242 Natrona 63.9% 35.9% 0.2% 100.0% 816 Park 73.0% 25.4% 1.6% 100.0% 1,150 Platte 85.7% 14.2% 0.1% 100.0% 1,924 Sheridan 60.5% 39.4% 0.2% 100.0% 1,344 Sublette 86.0% 14.0% 0.0% 100.0% 641 Sweetwater 77.1% 22.8% 0.1% 100.0% 1,287 Teton 99.0% 1.0% 0.0% 100.0% 2,518 Uinta 76.8% 22.7% 0.5% 100.0% 1,958 Total 81.9% 17.1% 1.0% 100.0% 20,877 Occupant Belt Use by the Day of the Week Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Weekday Sunday 91.1% 8.1% 0.8% 100.0% 1,511 Monday 84.6% 14.0% 1.4% 100.0% 4,666 Tuesday 90.2% 9.1% 0.7% 100.0% 2,030 Wednesday 77.7% 21.8% 0.4% 100.0% 3,008 Thursday 77.9% 19.9% 2.2% 100.0% 2,686 Friday 76.2% 23.0% 0.8% 100.0% 4,868 Saturday 82.1% 17.4% 0.5% 100.0% 2,108 Total 81.9% 17.1% 1.0% 100.0% 20,877

91 Occupant Belt Use by Weekdays and Weekend Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Weekend Weekend 85.6% 13.8% 0.6% 100.0% 3,619 Weekdays 81.0% 17.9% 1.1% 100.0% 17,258 Total 81.9% 17.1% 1.0% 100.0% 20,877 Occupant Belt Use by Type of Occupant Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Occupant Drivers 80.8% 18.7% 0.4% 100.0% 15,426 Passengers 84.6% 12.7% 2.6% 100.0% 5,451 Total 81.9% 17.1% 1.0% 100.0% 20,877 Occupant Belt Use by License Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count License Wyoming 76.2% 23.0% 0.9% 100.0% 13,435 Other 91.1% 7.7% 1.2% 100.0% 7,156 Unsure 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 1 Total 81.9% 17.1% 1.0% 100.0% 20,592 Occupant Belt Use by Population Density Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Population Urban 72.4% 27.1% 0.6% 100.0% 5,297 Rural 84.5% 14.3% 1.1% 100.0% 15,580 Total 81.9% 17.1% 1.0% 100.0% 20,877 Occupant Belt Use by Roadway Rype Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Roadway Primary 87.9% 10.1% 2.0% 100.0% 5,209 Secondary 80.0% 19.3% 0.7% 100.0% 14,849 Loc/Rur/City 60.3% 39.0% 0.6% 100.0% 819 Total 81.9% 17.1% 1.0% 100.0% 20,877

92 Occupant Belt Use by Vehicle Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Vehicle Type Auto 84.8% 14.5% 0.7% 100.0% 6,635 Van 88.8% 10.6% 0.6% 100.0% 1,352 SUV 86.6% 12.6% 0.8% 100.0% 5,883 Pickup 74.1% 25.0% 0.9% 100.0% 6,955 Total 82.1% 17.2% 0.8% 100.0% 20,825 Occupant Belt Use by Vehicle Type and Gender Vehicle Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Male Auto 83.7% 15.9% 0.5% 100.0% 3,207 Van 87.4% 12.1% 0.5% 100.0% 706 SUV 85.2% 14.2% 0.6% 100.0% 2,750 Pickup 72.5% 26.9% 0.7% 100.0% 5,425 Total 79.3% 20.1% 0.6% 100.0% 12,088 Female Auto 85.9% 13.2% 0.9% 100.0% 3,428 Van 90.4% 8.9% 0.8% 100.0% 646 SUV 87.9% 11.2% 1.0% 100.0% 3,133 Pickup 79.8% 18.3% 1.8% 100.0% 1,530 Total 85.9% 13.1% 1.1% 100.0% 8,737

93 Driver Belt Use Driver Belt Use by Driver Gender Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Gender Male 79.7% 19.8% 0.5% 100.0% 10,411 Female 83.3% 16.4% 0.3% 100.0% 5,015 Total 80.8% 18.7% 0.4% 100.0% 15,426 Driver Belt Use by County Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count County Albany 83.2% 16.4% 0.4% 100.0% 1,155 Big Horn 64.1% 31.8% 4.1% 100.0% 390 Campbell 62.8% 36.4% 0.8% 100.0% 1,493 Carbon 85.2% 14.5% 0.3% 100.0% 625 Fremont 75.8% 24.2% 0.0% 100.0% 755 Johnson 96.9% 2.8% 0.3% 100.0% 1,070 Laramie 71.7% 26.2% 2.1% 100.0% 543 Lincoln 81.4% 18.6% 0.0% 100.0% 858 Natrona 63.9% 35.9% 0.1% 100.0% 679 Park 70.7% 27.2% 2.0% 100.0% 881 Platte 84.3% 15.7% 0.0% 100.0% 1,354 Sheridan 60.1% 39.9% 0.0% 100.0% 1,022 Sublette 84.1% 15.9% 0.0% 100.0% 453 Sweetwater 76.9% 23.0% 0.1% 100.0% 976 Teton 98.6% 1.3% 0.1% 100.0% 1,753 Uinta 74.6% 25.0% 0.4% 100.0% 1,419 Total 80.8% 18.7% 0.4% 100.0% 15,426 Driver Belt Use by Population Density Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Population Urban 71.2% 28.5% 0.4% 100.0% 4,168 Rural 83.7% 15.8% 0.4% 100.0% 11,258 Total 80.8% 18.7% 0.4% 100.0% 15,426

94 Driver Belt Use by Roadway Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Roadway Primary 88.4% 11.2% 0.4% 100.0% 3,733 Secondary 78.6% 21.0% 0.4% 100.0% 10,999 Loc/Rur/City 60.4% 38.8% 0.8% 100.0% 694 Total 80.8% 18.7% 0.4% 100.0% 15,426 Driver Belt Use by Weekday Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Weekday Sunday 90.2% 9.5% 0.3% 100.0% 986 Monday 84.4% 14.8% 0.8% 100.0% 3,614 Tuesday 89.4% 10.1% 0.5% 100.0% 1,472 Wednesday 76.2% 23.7% 0.1% 100.0% 2,224 Thursday 77.7% 21.9% 0.4% 100.0% 2,051 Friday 74.7% 25.1% 0.2% 100.0% 3,675 Saturday 80.3% 19.3% 0.4% 100.0% 1,404 Total 80.8% 18.7% 0.4% 100.0% 15,426 Driver Belt Use by Weekend and Weekdays Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Weekend Weekend 84.1% 15.6% 0.3% 100.0% 2,390 Weekdays 80.2% 19.4% 0.4% 100.0% 13,036 Total 80.8% 18.7% 0.4% 100.0% 15,426 Driver Belt Use by Vehicle Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Vehicle Type Auto 83.3% 16.3% 0.4% 100.0% 4,813 Van 87.8% 12.0% 0.3% 100.0% 932 SUV 86.1% 13.5% 0.4% 100.0% 4,248 Pickup 73.3% 26.2% 0.5% 100.0% 5,433 Total 80.8% 18.7% 0.4% 100.0% 15,426

95 Driver Belt Use by License Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count License Type Wyoming 75.8% 23.7% 0.5% 100.0% 10,591 Other 90.9% 8.9% 0.2% 100.0% 4,626 Unsure 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 1 Total 80.9% 18.7% 0.4% 100.0% 15,218 Driver Belt Use by Gender and Vehicle Type Gender Unwtd Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Count Male Auto 84.2% 15.4% 0.4% 100.0% 2,764 Van 87.3% 12.3% 0.4% 100.0% 603 SUV 85.8% 13.8% 0.5% 100.0% 2,334 Pickup 72.8% 26.7% 0.5% 100.0% 4,710 Total 79.7% 19.8% 0.5% 100.0% 10,411 Female Auto 82.0% 17.6% 0.4% 100.0% 2,049 Van 88.6% 11.4% 0.0% 100.0% 329 SUV 86.5% 13.3% 0.3% 100.0% 1,914 Pickup 76.5% 23.2% 0.3% 100.0% 723 Total 83.3% 16.4% 0.3% 100.0% 5,015

96 Passenger Belt Use Passenger Belt Use by Driver Gender Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Gender Male 76.8% 21.9% 1.3% 100.0% 1,676 Female 89.0% 9.0% 2.0% 100.0% 3,722 Total 85.4% 12.8% 1.8% 100.0% 5,398 Passenger Belt Use by County Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count County Albany 88.5% 11.0% 0.6% 100.0% 336 Big Horn 68.8% 21.4% 9.8% 100.0% 112 Campbell 60.3% 25.2% 14.6% 100.0% 394 Carbon 50.7% 10.5% 38.9% 100.0% 194 Fremont 74.0% 25.7% 0.3% 100.0% 338 Johnson 98.5% 1.3% 0.2% 100.0% 474 Laramie 78.6% 19.2% 2.2% 100.0% 118 Lincoln 85.7% 14.3% 0.0% 100.0% 384 Natrona 63.9% 35.5% 0.6% 100.0% 137 Park 80.7% 19.3% 0.0% 100.0% 269 Platte 89.2% 10.7% 0.2% 100.0% 570 Sheridan 61.6% 37.7% 0.7% 100.0% 322 Sublette 90.4% 9.6% 0.0% 100.0% 188 Sweetwater 77.8% 22.2% 0.0% 100.0% 311 Teton 99.7% 0.3% 0.0% 100.0% 765 Uinta 82.5% 16.8% 0.7% 100.0% 539 Total 84.6% 12.7% 2.6% 100.0% 5,451 Passenger Belt Use by Population Density Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Population Urban 76.4% 22.5% 1.1% 100.0% 1,129 Rural 86.6% 10.4% 3.0% 100.0% 4,322 Total 84.6% 12.7% 2.6% 100.0% 5,451

97 Passenger Belt Use by Roadway Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Roadway Primary 86.6% 7.4% 6.1% 100.0% 1,476 Secondary 84.1% 14.5% 1.4% 100.0% 3,850 Loc/Rur/City 59.7% 40.3% 0.0% 100.0% 125 Total 84.6% 12.7% 2.6% 100.0% 5,451 Passenger Belt Use by Weekday Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Weekday Sunday 92.6% 5.8% 1.6% 100.0% 525 Monday 85.3% 11.3% 3.3% 100.0% 1,052 Tuesday 92.3% 6.5% 1.2% 100.0% 558 Wednesday 82.0% 16.8% 1.2% 100.0% 784 Thursday 78.5% 14.1% 7.5% 100.0% 635 Friday 80.6% 16.8% 2.6% 100.0% 1,193 Saturday 85.5% 13.7% 0.8% 100.0% 704 Total 84.6% 12.7% 2.6% 100.0% 5,451 Passenger Belt Use by Weekend and Weekdays Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Weekend Weekend 88.4% 10.5% 1.2% 100.0% 1,229 Weekdays 83.5% 13.5% 3.1% 100.0% 4,222 Total 84.6% 12.7% 2.6% 100.0% 5,451 Passenger Belt Use by Vehicle Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count Vehicle Type Auto 88.0% 9.9% 2.1% 100.0% 1,838 Van 89.9% 7.7% 2.4% 100.0% 426 SUV 87.2% 10.1% 2.7% 100.0% 1,650 Pickup 76.2% 20.6% 3.2% 100.0% 1,537 Total 84.6% 12.7% 2.6% 100.0% 5,451

98 Passenger Belt Use by License Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Unwtd Count License Type Wyoming 77.5% 20.3% 2.2% 100.0% 2,844 Other 91.4% 5.6% 3.0% 100.0% 2,530 Unsure 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0 Total 84.6% 12.8% 2.6% 100.0% 5,374 Passenger Belt Use by Gender and Vehicle Type Gender Unwtd Vehicle Type Belted Not Belted Unsure Total Count Male Auto 80.3% 18.8% 0.9% 100.0% 443 Van 87.7% 11.2% 1.1% 100.0% 103 SUV 81.9% 16.5% 1.5% 100.0% 415 Pickup 70.4% 28.1% 1.5% 100.0% 715 Total 76.8% 21.9% 1.3% 100.0% 1,676 Female Auto 91.1% 7.4% 1.5% 100.0% 1,379 Van 91.9% 6.6% 1.4% 100.0% 317 SUV 89.9% 8.1% 2.0% 100.0% 1,219 Pickup 82.7% 14.2% 3.2% 100.0% 807 Total 89.0% 9.0% 2.0% 100.0% 3,722

99 Comparison of 2012 and 2013 Seat Belt Usage Rates Occupant Seat Belt Rates in Wyoming for 2012 and Difference Belted 77.0% 81.9% 4.9% Occupant Seat Belt Rates by Gender, Difference Gender Male 73.5% 79.3% 5.8% Female 82.7% 85.9% 3.2% Occupant Seat Belt Rates by Population Density, Difference Population Urban 78.6% 72.4% -6.2% Rural 76.5% 84.5% 8.0% Occupant Seat Belt Rates by Roadway Type, Difference Roadway Primary 80.2% 87.9% 7.7% Secondary 77.5% 80.0% 2.5% Loc/Rur/City 66.0% 60.3% -5.7% Vehicle Type Occupant Seat Belt Rates by Vehicle Type, Difference Automobile 78.2% 84.8% 6.6% Van 84.7% 88.8% 4.1% SUV 83.7% 86.6% 2.9% Pickup 69.2% 74.1% 4.9%

100 Occupant Seat Belt Rates by License Status, Difference License Wyoming 72.2% 76.2% 4.0% Other 86.3% 91.1% 4.8% Occupant Seat Belt Rates by County, Difference County Albany 74.2% 84.4% 10.2% Big Horn 60.2% 65.1% 4.9% Campbell 60.3% 62.3% 2.0% Carbon 83.0% 77.0% -6.0% Fremont 72.2% 75.2% 3.0% Johnson 74.8% 97.4% 22.6% Laramie 74.3% 73.0% -1.3% Lincoln 81.4% 82.7% 1.3% Natrona 63.1% 63.9% 0.8% Park 73.6% 73.0% -0.6% Platte 84.5% 85.7% 1.2% Sheridan 65.0% 60.5% -4.5% Sublette 83.0% 86.0% 3.0% Sweetwater 60.3% 77.1% 16.8% Teton 98.3% 99.0% 0.7% Uinta 72.1% 76.8% 4.7%

101 12.5 APPENDIX E: OBSERVER FIELD TEST RATINGS 38

102 Observer F-Test 1 F-Test 2 F-Test 3 Written Avg. Field Test Alicia Caldwell 87.20% 90.40% 86.70% 90.00% 88.58% Brianna Beck 95.20% 99.00% 98.90% % 98.28% Bridget White 97.80% 98.20% 98.90% 98.30% Chereon Hoopes 98.80% 98.20% 93.10% 90.00% 95.03% Crystal Cundall-Wrenn 98.80% 97.10% 83.30% % 94.80% Dallas Darden 98.60% % 96.80% 95.00% 97.60% David Dingham 90.50% 86.00% 84.00% % 90.13% Debbie Taylor 91.40% 80.00% 87.50% % 89.73% Dorothy Johnstone 99.30% 83.30% 84.00% % 91.65% Irene French 98.60% % 98.90% 95.00% 98.13% Joan Dobbs 98.90% 77.60% 86.40% 85.00% 86.98% Kimi Pihlak 97.40% 92.90% 98.00% 85.00% 93.33% Kristi Holyfield 99.40% 95.50% 98.00% % 98.23% Melody Wilson 98.90% % 98.90% 95.00% 98.20% Monty Byers 98.90% 99.00% 73.80% % 92.93% Randi Egley 87.30% 92.90% % 95.00% 93.80% Richard Macht 97.80% 90.90% 93.00% 93.90% Sandy McCleery 95.70% 96.80% % 90.00% 95.63% Vicky Peterson 97.80% 95.60% 71.90% 85.00% 87.58% Overall Average 96.23% 93.34% 91.16% 94.41% 93.58%

103 12.6 APPENDIX F: UNKNOWN SEAT BELT USE 39

104 County County Code Unknown Driv+Pass Total Obsv. Driv+Pass County Rate Albany Big Horn Campbell Carbon Fremont Johnson Laramie Lincoln Natrona Park Platte Sheridan Sublette Sweetwater Teton Uinta State

105 12.7 APPENDIX G: REPORTING REQUIREMENTS DATA COLLECTED AT OBSERVATIONS SITES 1. Standard Error of Statewide Belt Use Rate: 2.3% 2. Nonresponse Rate as provided in (f) a. Nonresponse rate for the survey variable seat belt use: 0.892% The following pages contain the collected data related to the individual counties. 40

106 Albany County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/6/ Total

107 Big Horn County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/7/ Total

108 Campbell County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/9/ Total

109 Carbon County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original /6/ : Original /6/ : Original /7/ : Original /7/ : Original /7/ : Original /5/ : Original /5/ : Original /5/ : Original /4/ : Original /9/ : Original /7/ : Original /6/ : Original /8/ : Original /4/ : Original /3/ : Original /4/ : Original /8/ : Original /5/ Total

110 Fremont County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ Total

111 Johnson County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/4/ b: Alternate 6/4/ : Original 6/5/ b: Alternate 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/9/ Total

112 Laramie County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/3/ Total

113 Lincoln County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/4/ Total

114 Natrona County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ Total

115 Park County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/7/ Total

116 Platte County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/5/ Total

117 Sheridan County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/3/ Total

118 Sublette County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/6/ Total

119 Sweetwater County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/8/ Total

120 Teton County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/7/ Total

121 Uinta County Site ID Site type Identify if the observation site is an original observation site or an alternate observation site Date observed Sample weight drivers front passengers occupants belted occupants unbelted occupants with unknown belt use : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/5/ : Original 6/7/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/3/ : Original 6/9/ : Original 6/6/ : Original 6/4/ : Original 6/8/ : Original 6/7/ Total

122 12.8 APPENDIX H: SPSS DATA DICTIONARY 41

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128 Report Submitted by: