Eco-driving: Strategic, Tactical, and Operational Decisions of the Driver that Influence Vehicle Fuel Economy

Transcription

1 Eco-driving: Strategic, Tactical, and Operational Decisions of the Driver that Influence Vehicle Fuel Economy Brandon Schoettle Project Manager Sustainable Worldwide Transportation

2 Sustainable Worldwide Transportation Bosch Bridgestone Cooper Tire China FAW Group ExxonMobil Mahindra Michelin Nissan Saudi Aramco TRW Volkswagen

3 Sustainable Worldwide Transportation Research on energy, environmental, and safety aspects of future road transportation worldwide

4 Eco-Driving: Strategic, tactical, and operational decisions of the driver that influence vehicle fuel economy Michael Sivak Brandon Schoettle Report No. UMTRI Transport Policy, 2012, vol. 22, pp * Updated through model year 2014 *

5 On-road fuel economy: mpg

6 Travel mode BTU per occupant mile Other light-duty vehicle 3,980 Car 3,501 Airplane 2,931 Transit bus 2,656 AMTRAK 1,745 Motorcycle 1,742

7 Driver decisions Strategic Tactical Operational

8 Level Factor Effect (MY2014) Strategic Vehicle class 45% Vehicle model Vehicle configuration 933% all cars 400% cars excluding EVs 485% all SUVs 138% SUVs excluding EVs 109% all pickups 29% cars, 59% pickups Out-of-tune engine 4-40% Tires with 25% higher rolling resistance 3-5% Tires underinflated by 5 psi 1.5% Improper engine oil 1-2%

9 Vehicle class Mean mpg (MY2014) Cars 24.3 SUVs, crossovers 20.8 Pickup trucks 17.3 Vans, minivans 16.8

10 Level Factor Effect (MY2014) Strategic Vehicle class 45% Vehicle model Vehicle configuration 933% all cars 400% cars excluding EVs 485% all SUVs 138% SUVs excluding EVs 109% all pickups 29% cars, 59% pickups Out-of-tune engine 4-40% Tires with 25% higher rolling resistance 3-5% Tires underinflated by 5 psi 1.5% Improper engine oil 1-2%

11 Vehicle class Mpg (MY2014) Min Max Cars * SUVs, crossovers 13 76** Pickup trucks Vans, minivans * Best fully electric car: 124 mpg Best hybrid car: 50 mpg Best car with internal-combustion engine: 50 mpg ** Best fully electric SUV/crossover: 76 mpg Best hybrid SUV/crossover: 31 mpg Best SUV/crossover with internal-combustion engine: 29 mpg

12 Level Factor Effect (MY2014) Strategic Vehicle class 45% Vehicle model Vehicle configuration 933% all cars 400% cars excluding EVs 485% all SUVs 138% SUVs excluding EVs 109% all pickups 29% cars, 59% pickups Out-of-tune engine 4-40% Tires with 25% higher rolling resistance 3-5% Tires underinflated by 5 psi 1.5% Improper engine oil 1-2%

13 Vehicle class Mean number of variants Mean mpg range Cars SUVs, crossovers Pickup trucks Vans, minivans

14 Level Factor Effect (MY2014) Strategic Vehicle class 45% Vehicle model Vehicle configuration 933% all cars 400% cars excluding EVs 485% all SUVs 138% SUVs excluding EVs 109% all pickups 29% cars, 59% pickups Out-of-tune engine 4-40% Tires with 25% higher rolling resistance 3-5% Tires underinflated by 5 psi 1.5% Improper engine oil 1-2%

15 Level Factor Effect Route selection: road type variable Tactical Route selection: grade profile 15-20% Route selection: congestion 20-40% Carrying extra 100 pounds 2%

16 Weight gain of adults Now vs. 1960: +25 pounds Reduction in fuel economy of up to 0.5% Exercise as a good eco-driving practice

17 Level Factor Effect Idling variable Driving at very high speeds 30% Operational Not using cruise control 7% (while at highway speeds) Using air conditioner 5-25% Aggressive driving 20-30%

18 Two scenarios Most fuel-efficient gasoline car (50 mpg), but the driver disregards all other good eco-driving practices Least fuel-efficient car (12 mpg), but the driver follows all other good eco-driving practices

19 Factor Effect on performance Fuel economy (mpg) Nominal performance Aggressive driving -25% 37.5 Driving at excessively high speeds -6% 35.3 Route selection -6% 33.1 (road type, grade, and congestion) Out-of-tune engine -4% 31.8 Tires with increased rolling resistance -4% 30.5 Using air conditioner -4% 29.3 Excessive idling -2% 38.7 Extra weight -1.5% 28.3 Improper oil -1.5% 27.9 Under-inflated tires -1.5% 27.5

20 Factor Effect on performance Fuel economy (mpg) Nominal performance Aggressive driving -25% 37.5 Driving at excessively high speeds -6% 35.3 Route selection SAFETY-RELATED -6% 33.1 (road type, grade, and congestion) Out-of-tune engine 31% -4% 31.8 Tires with increased rolling resistance -4% 30.5 Using air conditioner -4% 29.3 Excessive idling -2% 38.7 Extra weight -1.5% 28.3 Improper oil -1.5% 27.9 Under-inflated tires -1.5% 27.5

21 Factor Effect on performance Fuel economy (mpg) Nominal performance Aggressive driving -25% 37.5 Driving at excessively high speeds -6% 35.3 Route selection (road type, grade, and congestion) -6% 33.1 Out-of-tune engine -4% 31.8 SELF-DRIVING VEHICLES Tires with increased rolling resistance -4% 30.5 Using air conditioner 37% -4% 29.3 Excessive idling -2% 38.7 Extra weight -1.5% 28.3 Improper oil -1.5% 27.9 Under-inflated tires -1.5% 27.5

22 Conclusions Vehicle selection has, by far, the most dominant effect The remaining factors that a driver has control over can contribute, in total, to about a 45% reduction in fuel economy

23 Thank you

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