WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2018

Transcription

1 WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2018

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Foreword...3 Steel impact...4 Steel initiatives...6 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION World crude steel production, 1950 to Top steelmakers, Major steel-producing countries, 2016 and Crude steel production by process, Continuously-cast steel output, 2015 to Monthly crude steel production, 2014 to STEEL USE Steel production and use: geographical distribution, Steel production and use: geographical distribution, Apparent steel use, 2011 to Apparent steel use per capita, 2011 to RAW MATERIALS Pig iron, 2016 and Direct reduced iron production, 2010 to Iron ore, World iron ore trade by area, Trade in ferrous scrap, 2016 and World trade in ferrous scrap by area, STEEL TRADE World steel trade in products, 1975 to World volume of trade, 2000 to World steel exports, analysis by product, 2012 to World steel trade by area, Major importers and exporters of steel, To say that the steel industry is experiencing interesting times would be an understatement. However, progress is being made at various levels. At the recent meeting of the Global Forum for Steel Excess Capacity (GFSEC), a G20 initiative, six important principles were agreed by ministers of G20 countries. All are focused around ensuring that a level playing field should exist for steelmakers in all countries and that markets should remain free and fair for steel to be traded between countries. I am hopeful that the heightened level of trade tensions will abate and that our positive outlook for steel demand will remain. The Short Range Outlook for the next 18 months suggests 2018 growth of 1.8% followed by 0.7% in Steel demand is benefitting from the broad and favourable global economic momentum affecting both the developed and developing world at the same time. The worldsteel programmes in the automotive, construction, packaging and rail sectors all aim to maintain the role of steel as a versatile product without which modern society cannot remain sustainable. worldsteel Board members agreed to focus renewed attention on reaching the performance levels we see in our top 15%. Our technology committee has produced extensive data and benchmarking information, with the challenge to reduce carbon emissions and increase energy efficiency in the steelmaking process. This service is available to all worldsteel members to be used for their own benefit. Six worldsteel members (ArcelorMittal, Tata Steel Europe, Tata Steel Limited, Tenaris, thyssenkrupp AG and voestalpine AG) have been recognised for their outstanding efforts in sustainability activities. Congratulations to these sustainability champions! This booklet provides a comprehensive overview of steel industry activities, stretching from production to steel use to some indications on trade flows. We are always looking to improve. If you have any comments or suggestions please do not hesitate to contact me. INDIRECT TRADE Indirect trade in steel, 2000 to Major indirect importers and exporters of steel, True steel use, 2010 to Apparent and true steel use per capita, For details on the notation used in this publication, please refer to page 30. Dr Edwin Basson Director General 3

3 STEEL IMPACT INNOVATION COMMUNITY EMPLOYMENT Essential in all sectors of the economy New modern steel products are lighter and stronger than before, helping other industries to reduce their environmental footprint. INVESTMENT ECONOMY INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY EDUCATION Contributing to society In 2016, the steel industry distributed an estimated billion USD, 98.8% of its revenue, to society directly and indirectly. A systematic approach brings effective results In 2016, about 97.1% of steel industry employees and contractors worked in EMS*-registered production facilities. Responsible management of natural resources Very little waste is produced. In 2016, 97.6% of the raw materials used for steelmaking were converted to steel products and by-products. Taking action to fulfil responsibility Abiding by environmental regulations is a prerequisite for acceptance by society. We aim to continually reduce our environmental impact. Innovation is crucial New and innovative steels are continually developed. In 2016, the steel industry invested 13% of revenue in capital investment projects and process improvement. Safety first, nothing is more important We are working towards zero incidents. In 2016, the industry's Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate was 1.0, an improvement of 78% since Human capital is a key asset Worldwide 6 million people work for the steel industry. In 2016, steel companies provided each employee with 7.0 training days on average. Biggest challenge of the industry CO 2 In 2016, on average 1.9 tonnes of CO 2 were emitted for every tonne of steel produced. Breakthrough technologies are being developed worldwide to address this challenge. Significant improvement in energy consumption In the last 50 years the steel industry has reduced its energy intensity per tonne of steel produced by 60%. The average in 2016 was 20.3 GJ/tonne. Optimal resource efficiency, nothing to waste Nearly 100% of our industry by-products can be used. Steelmaking by-products are used in e.g. concrete, fertilisers, plastics, paints and cosmetics.? Informed decisions on material choice We provide life cycle inventory data for 16 key steel products. This helps customers to select the most sustainable materials for their products. The figures above are derived from the worldsteel 2016 Sustainability Indicator data, based on 125 steel companies and 6 associations reporting. Data for 2017 will be available on worldsteel.org in October * EMS: Environmental Management Systems 4 5

4 STEEL INITIATIVES WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 1950 TO 2017 STEEL SAFETY DAY A safe and healthy working environment is the number one priority for every worldsteel member. Steel Safety Day was set up to reinforce awareness of the five most common causes of safety incidents. STEEL SUSTAINABILITY CHAMPIONS This programme aims to encourage steel companies to increase their efforts, set higher standards and make further progress in their sustainability programmes and business practices. CLIMATE ACTION This programme recognises steel producers that submit CO 2 emissions data for worldsteel s data collection, according to the worldsteel methodology now a standard, ISO Years World Years World Years World GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FORUM The industry is working together on a number of initiatives to develop breakthrough steelmaking technologies that can reduce CO 2 emissions by at least 50%, potentially revolutionising the way steel is made. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT In 2017, worldsteel released its fourth global and regional steel life cycle inventory (LCI) data, which has been developed following international standards on LCA. ONLINE BENCHMARKING SYSTEMS worldsteel offers free online benchmarking systems for its members on reliability, process yield, and energy intensity for each process of the basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace production routes Average growth rates % per annum Years World STEELIE AWARDS The Steelie Awards recognise member companies or individuals for their contribution to the steel industry over a one-year period in a series of categories. The Steelies are awarded at worldsteel s General Assembly in October STEELCHALLENGE steeluniversity hosts an annual competition, steelchallenge, for students and young industry employees to test their knowledge and skills using sophisticated simulations

5 TOP STEELMAKERS 2017 MAJOR STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES 2016 AND 2017, crude steel production, crude steel production Rank Company Tonnage Rank Company Tonnage 1 ArcelorMittal U. S. Steel Corporation Baowu Group Baotou Steel NSSMC Group (1) EVRAZ HBIS Group (2) thyssenkrupp POSCO MMK Shagang Group Liuzhou Steel Ansteel Group (3) Techint Group (5) JFE Steel Jinxi Steel Shougang Group Severstal Tata Steel Group Sanming Steel Nucor Corporation Taiyuan Steel Shandong Steel Group Jingye Steel Hyundai Steel Zenith Steel Jianlong Group Shaanxi Steel Valin Group Anyang Steel Maanshan Steel Nanjing Steel NLMK Metinvest Holding Gerdau Erdemir Group JSW Steel Xinyu Steel Benxi Steel CITIC Pacific IMIDRO (4) Zongheng Steel Steel Corporation Steel Dynamics, Inc Fangda Steel voestalpine Group Rizhao Steel SSAB SAIL Kobe Steel 7.74 (1) Includes tonnage of Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation (100% owned) and Nisshin Steel (51% owned); as well as USIMINAS (31.2% voting shares) (2) Includes tonnage of Serbia Iron & Steel d.o.o. Beograd (100% owned) and MAKSTIL A.D. in Macedonia (42% owned) (3) Includes tonnage of Angang Lianzhong (Guangzhou) Steel Company (4) Combined tonnage of Mobarrakeh Steel, Esfahan Steel, Khuzestan Steel and NISCO (5) Includes part of USIMINAS tonnage (39.6% voting shares) Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations: For worldsteel members, the data was sourced from their official tonnage declarations. For Chinese companies, the official CISA tonnage publication was used, unless especially noted. In case of more than 50% ownership, 100% of the subsidiary s tonnage is included. In cases of 30%-50% ownership, pro-rata tonnage is included. Unless otherwise specified in the declaration, less than 30% ownership is considered a minority and therefore, not included. For an extended company listing go to worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/statistics. Country Rank Tonnage Rank Tonnage Japan India United States Russia South Korea Germany Turkey Brazil Italy Taiwan, Ukraine Iran Mexico France Spain Canada Vietnam Poland Austria Belgium United Kingdom Egypt Netherlands South Africa Australia Slovak Republic Pakistan Saudi Arabia Indonesia (e) Sweden Argentina Czech Republic Thailand Kazakhstan Finland Romania United Arab Emirates Malaysia (e) Qatar Byelorussia Luxembourg Portugal Oman (e) Hungary Serbia Switzerland (e) Greece Colombia North Korea (e) Others World e = estimate 8 9

6 Million tonnes CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION BY PROCESS, 2017 Oxygen % Electric % Open hearth % Other % Austria Belgium (e) Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland (e) France Germany (e) Greece Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland (e) Portugal Romania (e) Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain (e) Sweden United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia (e) Ukraine (e) Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt (e) South Africa Other Africa (e) Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East (e) Middle East (e) India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia (e) Asia Australia New Zealand Total of above countries Total % CONTINUOUSLY-CAST STEEL OUTPUT 2015 TO 2017 Million tonnes % Crude steel output Austria Belgium (e) Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland France Germany (e) Greece Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland (e) Portugal Romania (e) Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain (e) Sweden United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia (e) Ukraine (e) Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Other Latin America Central and South America Egypt (e) South Africa Other Africa (e) Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East (e) Middle East (e) India (e) Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia (e) Asia Australia New Zealand Total of above countries The countries in this table accounted for approximately 99.9% of world crude steel production in 2017 The countries in this table accounted for approximately 99.9% of world crude steel production in 2017 e = estimate e = estimate 10 11

7 Total 65 reporting countries* 145 NAFTA 11 MONTHLY CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 2014 TO 2017 actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data European Union (28) 17 actual data deseasonalised data Central and South America 6.0 actual data deseasonalised data CIS (6) Japan actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data *The 65 reporting countries Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Canada, 70 Chile,, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, 65 Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan,, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, 60 Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, and Vietnam. actual data deseasonalised data In 2017, these 65 countries accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production

8 STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 2007 STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 2017 Crude steel production World total: Crude steel production World total: Other Asia 11.0% Others 6.9% EU (28) 15.6% Other Europe 2.4% Other Asia 13.4% Others 5.9% EU (28) 10.0% Other Europe 2.5% CIS 6.0% Japan 8.9% CIS 9.2% Japan 6.2% NAFTA 6.8% 36.3% NAFTA 9.7% 49.2% Others comprise: Africa 1.4 % Middle East 1.2 % Central and South America 3.7 % Australia and New Zealand 0.7 % Others comprise: Africa 0.9 % Middle East 2.0% Central and South America 2.6% Australia and New Zealand 0.4 % Apparent steel use (finished steel products) World total: Apparent steel use (finished steel products) World total: Other Europe 2.7% Others 9.5% EU (28) 16.6% Other Europe 2.5% Others 8.5% EU (28) 10.2% CIS 3.3% Other Asia 14.5% CIS 4.6% Other Asia 15.9% NAFTA 8.9% Japan 6.6% NAFTA 11.5% Japan 4.1% 34.2% 46.4% Others comprise: Africa 1.9 % Middle East 3.6 % Central and South America 3.4 % Australia and New Zealand 0.7 % Others comprise: Africa 2.2 % Middle East 3.4 % Central and South America 2.6 % Australia and New Zealand 0.4 % 14 15

9 APPARENT STEEL USE 2011 TO 2017 APPARENT STEEL USE PER CAPITA 2011 TO 2017, finished steel products Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (28) European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Oceania World kilogrammes, finished steel products Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (28) European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Oceania World

10 PIG IRON 2016 AND 2017 DIRECT REDUCED IRON PRODUCTION 2010 TO 2017 Production 2016 Production Exports Imports 2017 Apparent = Consumption 2017 Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Kazakhstan Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Other Latin America Central and South America South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Australia New Zealand Other Oceania Oceania World Germany (e) Sweden European Union (28) Russia Canada Mexico United States (e) NAFTA Argentina Peru Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela Central and South America Egypt Libya South Africa (e) Africa Bahrain (e) Iran Oman (e) Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Middle East India Indonesia Malaysia (e) Asia World e = estimate 18 19

11 IRON ORE 2016 WORLD IRON ORE TRADE BY AREA, 2017, actual weight Production - Exports + Imports = Apparent consumption Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovakia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (28) Bosnia-Herzegovina Norway Turkey Other Europe Europe CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil Chile Peru Venezuela Other America Central and South America Liberia Mauritania South Africa Other Africa Africa Middle East (1) India Japan South Korea Other Asia Asia Australia New Zealand and Other Oceania World (1) Production adjusted so that Fe content is similar to world average Source: United Nations Destination European Union (28) European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East Exporting region Japan Other Asia Oceania Total exports of which: extraregional exports* Net exports (exports - imports) * Excluding intra-regional trade marked Asia Oceania Total imports of which: extra-regional imports 20 21

12 TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP 2016 AND 2017 WORLD TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP BY AREA, 2017 Exports Imports Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Italy Netherlands Poland Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Kazakhstan Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil Other Central and South America Central and South America South Africa Other Africa Africa Middle East Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Australia and New Zealand World Destination Exporting region European Union (28) European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total exports of which: extra-regional exports* Net exports (exportsimports) Japan Other Asia Oceania * Excluding intra-regional trade marked Total imports of which: extra-regional imports 22 23

13 WORLD STEEL TRADE IN PRODUCTS 1975 TO 2017 WORLD STEEL EXPORTS, ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT 2012 TO Exports are of finished and semi-finished steel products. Production of finished steel, where not available from national sources, is calculated from crude steel production, taking into account the continuous casting ratio Quantum indices 2000 = steel-containing manufactured goods steel all commodities Year Exports Production Exports share % WORLD VOLUME OF TRADE 2000 TO Ingots and semi-finished material Railway track material Angles, shapes and sections Concrete re-inforcing bars Bars and rods, hot-rolled Wire rod Drawn wire Other bars and rods Hot-rolled strip Cold-rolled strip Hot-rolled sheets and coils Plates Cold-rolled sheets and coils Electrical sheet and strip Tinmill products Galvanised sheet Other coated sheet Steel tubes and fittings Wheels (forged and rolled) and axles Castings Forgings Other Total Exports include intra-eu trade, trade between countries of the CIS, and trade between NAFTA countries. The figures are based on a broad definition of the steel industry and its products, including ingots, semifinished products, hot-rolled and cold-finished products, tubes, wire, and unworked castings and forgings. The above table comprises the exports of 62 countries, which represents aproximately 97 per cent of total world trade in

14 WORLD STEEL TRADE BY AREA 2017 MAJOR IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL 2017 Exporting region Destination European Union (28) European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa Japan Other Asia Oceania Total imports of which: extra-regional imports Rank Total exports Mt Japan South Korea Russia European Union (28) (1) Germany (2) Italy (2) Belgium (2) Turkey India Brazil Ukraine France (2) Taiwan, Netherlands (2) United States Spain (2) Austria (2) Canada Iran 7.5 Rank Total imports Mt 1 European Union (28) (1) United States Germany (2) Italy (2) South Korea Vietnam Turkey France (2) Thailand Belgium (2) Mexico Indonesia Poland (2) Spain (2) India Netherlands (2) Canada United Kingdom (2) Malaysia 7.7 Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total exports of which: extra-regional exports* Net exports (exportsimports) * Excluding intra-regional trade marked Rank Net exports (exports - imports) Mt Japan Russia Ukraine Brazil South Korea India Taiwan, Iran Belgium (2) Austria (2) Slovakia (2) Netherlands (2) Luxembourg (2) South Africa 1.4 Rank Net imports (imports - exports) Mt 1 United States Thailand Vietnam European Union (28) (1) Indonesia Mexico Philippines Malaysia Algeria Poland (2) Pakistan United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia United Kingdom (2) Israel 2.8 (1) Excluding intra-regional trade (2) Data for individual European Union (28) countries include intra-european trade 26 27

15 INDIRECT TRADE IN STEEL 2000 TO 2016 TRUE STEEL USE 2010 TO 2016, finished steel equivalent, finished steel equivalent Mt Indirect exports, Mt % Indirect exports as a percentage 350 of exports of steel products, % Indirect trade in steel takes place through exports and imports of steel containing goods and is expressed in finished steel equivalent of products used. Further explanation on definitions and methodology of indirect trade in steel can be found in the report Indirect Trade in Steel (March 2015) at worldsteel.org/publications/reports Year Indirect exports, Mt MAJOR INDIRECT IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL 2016, finished steel equivalent Rank Indirect exports Mt Germany* Japan South Korea United States Mexico Italy* Spain* Poland* France* 8.2 Rank Net indirect exports (exports - imports) Mt South Korea Japan Germany* Mexico Rank Indirect imports Mt 1 United States Germany* France* United Kingdom* Canada Mexico Italy* Belgium-Luxembourg* Japan 7.4 Rank *Data for individual European Union (28) countries include intra-european trade Net indirect imports (imports - exports) Mt 1 United States United Kingdom* Canada Australia Russia France Germany Italy Spain United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Other Europe Russia CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil South America Africa and Middle East Japan South Korea Asia and Oceania Total (1) (1) Total comprises 74 countries True steel use (TSU) is obtained by subtracting net indirect exports of steel from apparent steel use (ASU). Total TSU is not equal to ASU because of differences in country coverage and methodological specifics of indirect trade in steel calculations. Further details can be found at worldsteel.org/publications/reports. Brazil Mexico Spain United Kingdom France Russia Italy United States Japan Germany Turkey Canada South Korea APPARENT AND TRUE STEEL USE PER CAPITA, 2016 kilogrammes, finished steel equivalent True steel use per capita Apparent steel use per capita

16 ABOUT US The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most dynamic industry associations in the world. worldsteel represents over 160 steel producers (including 9 of the world s 10 largest steel companies), national and regional steel industry associations, and steel research institutes. worldsteel members represent around 85% of world steel production. worldsteel s mission is to act as the focal point for the steel industry. worldsteel provides global leadership on all major strategic issues affecting the industry, particularly focusing on economic, environmental and social sustainability. worldsteel promotes steel and the steel industry to customers, the industry, media and the general public. It assists its members to develop the market for steel. worldsteel has major projects in the automotive and construction sectors. This publication is printed on Olin paper. Olin is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council as environmentally-responsible paper. Notation used in this publication: (e) indicates a figure that has been estimated. 0.0 indicates that the quantity concerned is less than indicates zero or no data. 30 World Steel in Figures World Steel Association 2018 ISBN Cover image: Louvre steel roof, Abu Dhabi, UAE by Bin Wang, Alamy Design: double-id.com

17 World Steel Association Avenue de Tervueren Brussels Belgium T: +32 (0) F: +32 (0) E: steel@worldsteel.org C413 Office Building Beijing Lufthansa Center 50 Liangmaqiao Road Chaoyang District Beijing T: F: E: china@worldsteel.org worldsteel.org