WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2009

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Warren Moody
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1 WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD World crude steel production, 1950 to Top steel-producing companies, 2007 and Major steel-producing countries, 2007 and Crude steel production by process, Continuously-cast steel output, 2006 to Monthly crude steel production, 2005 to The 67 reporting countries, 2005 to Steel production and use: geographical distribution, Steel production and use: geographical distribution, Apparent steel use, 2002 to Apparent steel use per capita, 2002 to Pig iron, 2007 and Direct reduced iron production, 2001 to Iron ore, World iron ore trade by area, World trade in steel products, 1975 to Welcome to the 2009 edition of World Steel in Figures. The global steel industry has not escaped the current economic downturn and this will be reflected in the figures you see for the last quarter of The industry has responded rapidly with production cuts, to ensure supply matches demand will be a difficult year in terms of profitability. There will be restructuring in the industry and this will be hard on those involved. However, the industry remains fundamentally strong and will emerge from the current recession well positioned to meet the needs of a greener world. The post-kyoto negotiations remain an important focus for the steel industry in There is more and more recognition that a global steel sectoral approach (GSSA) is the right policy for a globally competitive industry like steel. worldsteel has an ambitious programme for every steel company in the world to measure its CO 2 emissions per tonne of steel produced. We have put in place a common methodology, definitions and agreed boundaries in a process similar to that adopted by the nations in the Asia Pacific Partnership. Already, two-thirds of worldsteel members have collected and reported data. I hope you find this booklet useful. If you have any questions or comments please do not hesitate to contact me. World volume of trade, 1990 to World steel exports, analysis by product, 2003 to World steel trade by area, Major importers and exporters of steel, Ian Christmas Director General Scrap: estimated use, apparent domestic supply,

3 STEEL IN SUMMARY In 2008, the world steel industry produced 1.3 billion metric tons of steel. Steel is fundamental to our lives and essential to economic growth. Steel provides infrastructure, transport, energy delivery, housing and construction, and key consumer goods. SAFETY AND HEALTH Nothing is more important than the safety and health of the people who work in the steel industry. Economic recovery The market has been turbulent over the last three decades but today the industry is more efficient and better prepared thanks to global restructuring and consolidation. The long-term prospect for the global steel market is strong. The speed of growth might have slowed down but the industry will continue to grow in different ways. Consolidation will reinforce China s position in the global market. Capacity expansion will continue in emerging markets with a steady growth in steel demand in all sectors. Steelmakers in developed countries will maintain their pursuit of a shift from volume to value. All this will make the global steel industry more competitive and efficient as the world economy recovers. Environment Sustainable development is a key commitment for the industry. For worldsteel member companies, this means valuing the interdependence of environmental, social and economic aspects in all decision-making. In 2008, worldsteel produced the third sustainability report of the world steel industry, which outlined the industry s actions and progress in meeting the demand for steel in a sustainable way. Technology Modern steelmaking relies on innovation and advanced technologies. worldsteel helps its members to improve their businesses by researching current practices and benchmarking best practice. For example, worldsteel has recently produced two major technical publications, Yield Improvement in the Steel Industry and Maintenance in the New Millennium. Both reports are available in the Bookshop on worldsteel.org. Training Training for the future generation of employees is a priority for worldsteel. The steeluniversity.org website is used by universities and steel companies to teach metallurgy, steel processes and applications, and sustainability. The annual steeluniversity.org Virtual Steelmaking Challenge is a competition to produce a new grade of steel using the website s processing simulations. The safety and health commitment, endorsed by the worldsteel Board in 2006, is accompanied by a set of six principles: All injuries and work-related illnesses can and must be prevented. Management is responsible and accountable for safety and health performance. Employee engagement and training is essential. Working safely is a condition of employment. Excellence in safety and health supports excellent business results. Safety and health must be integrated into all business management processes. In 2008, worldsteel published the Safety and Health Principles Guidance Book, now translated into 10 languages, and a safety poster to help its members to adopt and apply these principles. Perhaps the most important work in safety and health is the collaborative effort of worldsteel member companies to benchmark and identify best practices in key risk areas. Serious incidents and associated key learnings are shared. Through statistics contributed by members, worldsteel also tracks safety and health results of fatalities and lost-time injuries. Combined, this information helps companies to identify ways to change work culture and behaviour, driving all towards the goal of preventing all injuries and illnesses. Measuring performance is only one aspect of achieving good safety and health standards. worldsteel encourages all member companies to participate in the data collection and exchange of information. To encourage greater participation in safety and health issues and activities, worldsteel has introduced a Safety and Health Excellence Recognition Award Programme. This showcases improvements in safety and health initiatives by our member companies and shares the information across the worldsteel membership. In 2008, five member companies received recognition for their programmes at a ceremony at the annual conference in Washington, DC. Increased support for the worldsteel s safety and health activities will achieve greater progress towards the zero goal: an injury-free, illness-free and healthy workplace. 4 5

4 CLIMATE CHANGE Climate change is the biggest issue for the steel industry in the 21 st century. The world steel industry is responding by taking a global perspective on the challenges we face. WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 1950 TO 2008 Two-thirds of the worldsteel membership took part in our first CO 2 emissions data collection programme which ended earlier this year. This was an excellent achievement, and as a consequence we can now be confident about the methodology and technical aspects of the project. The internal audit process through the membership expert group worked well and will continue in the future. The importance of this data collection cannot be understated. It provides key information to steelmakers who take part and allows them to track their improvements, compared to the rest of the industry. Without this capability, the industry cannot deliver on its commitments to reduce CO 2 emissions per tonne of steel produced. worldsteel has now started to collect 2008 data. We are providing technical support and encouragement to our members who were not geared up to respond last year. Political reservations are also dissipating. As a consequence, we expect even greater involvement in the data collection programme from now on. worldsteel advocates a global steel sectoral approach to climate change. This is essential for steel because today over 40% of steel is traded internationally and over 50% of total production is in developing countries. Steel is an energy intensive and fiercely internationally competitive industry. The objectives of our approach are: to have the greatest impact on the problem of global greenhouse gas emissions to have all major steel producing countries engaged in the process to work within the UNFCCC framework to respect the common but different responsibilities of developing nations to avoid market and competitive distortions. Years World Years World , , , , ,325 Average Growth Rates % per annum Years World

5 TOP STEEL-PRODUCING COMPANIES 2007 AND 2008 MAJOR STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES 2007 AND 2008 crude steel production ArcelorMittal Salzgitter Nippon Steel voestalpine Baosteel Group Panzhihua Steel Hebei Steel Group Jianlong Group JFE BlueScope POSCO Metalloinvest Wuhan Steel Group Beitei Steel Tata Steel Guofeng Steel Shandong Steel Group SSAB US Steel Erdemir Nucor AK Steel Gerdau Mechel Severstal Nanjing Steel Jiangsu Shagang Group Ilyich Evraz Tonghua Steel Riva Xinyu Steel Anshan Steel HKM ThyssenKrupp Sanming Steel Maanshan Steel CSN Sumitomo Metal Ind HADEED SAIL Tianjin Tiantie Group Shougang Group Hebei Jinxi Group Magnitogorsk Steel Dynamics Novolipetsk Pingxiang Steel Hunan Valin Group Ezz Group China Steel Corporation Nisshin Techint Tianjin Steel IMIDRO Zaporizhstahl Industrial Union 11.6 of Donbass JSW Steel Hyundai Steel Lion Group Baotou Steel AHMSA Taiyuan Steel ICDAS Anyang Steel SIDOR Metinvest Hangzhou Steel Celsa Hebei Jingye Steel Kobe Steel Chongqing Steel Usiminas Commercial Metals Rizhao Steel Essar Steel Benxi Steel Tokyo Steel Jiuquan Steel Vizag Steel (1) - includes part of Usiminas (2) - includes Corus (3) - 50% of HKM included in ThyssenKrupp (4) - includes partial tonnage of SIDOR (5) - includes part of HKM (6) - total production crude steel production Country China Japan United States Russia India (e) South Korea Germany Ukraine Brazil Italy Turkey Taiwan, China Spain France Mexico Canada United Kingdom Belgium Iran Poland South Africa Australia Austria Netherlands Czech Republic Egypt Malaysia (e) Argentina Thailand (e) Sweden Romania Saudi Arabia Slovak Republic Finland Kazakhstan Venezuela Indonesia (e) Luxembourg Byelorussia Greece Viet Nam (e) Hungary Others World 1, ,351.3 (e): estimate 8 9

6 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION BY PROCESS, 2008 CONTINUOUSLY-CAST STEEL OUTPUT 2006 TO 2008 Production milion metric tons Oxygen Electric Open hearth % Other Total % crude steel output % % % % Austria Austria Belgium Belgium Bulgaria Bulgaria Czech Republic Czech Republic Finland Finland France France Germany Germany Greece Greece Hungary Hungary Italy Italy Latvia (e) Latvia (e) Luxembourg Luxembourg Netherlands Netherlands Poland Poland Portugal (e) Portugal (e) Romania Romania Slovak Republic Slovak Republic Slovenia Slovenia Spain Spain Sweden Sweden United Kingdom United Kingdom European Union (27) European Union (27) Turkey Turkey Others Others Other Europe Other Europe Russia Russia Ukraine Ukraine Other CIS Other CIS CIS CIS Canada Canada Mexico Mexico United States United States NAFTA NAFTA Argentina Argentina Brazil Brazil Chile Venezuela Venezuela Other Latin America Others Central and South America Central and South America Egypt (e) Egypt (e) South Africa South Africa Other Africa Other Africa Africa Africa Iran (e) Iran Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Other Middle East Other Middle East Middle East Middle East China (e) China (e) India (e) India (e) Japan Japan South Korea South Korea Taiwan, China Taiwan, China Other Asia Other Asia Asia Asia Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand World 1, World 1, , , (e): estimate (e): estimate 10 11

7 MONTHLY CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 2005 TO 2008 Total 67 reporting countries 125 NAFTA European Union (27) 21 actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data Central and South America actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data CIS (6) Japan The 67 reporting countries actual data deseasonalised data Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Rom ania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, China, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. In 2008 these 67 countries accounted for more than 98% of world crude steel production. 6 China actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data

8 STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 1998 Production World total: 777 crude steel STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 2008 Production World total: 1,326 crude steel Other Asia 11.5% Japan 12.0% Others 8.9% EU (27) 24.6% China 14.7% NAFTA 16.6% CIS 9.5% Other Europe 2.2% Other Asia 11.2% Japan 9.0% Others 6.8% China 37.7% EU (27) 14.9% CIS 8.6% NAFTA 9.3% Other Europe 2.4% Others comprise: Africa 1.6 % Middle East 1.2 % Central and South America 4.8 % Australia and New Zealand 1.2 % Others comprise: Africa 1.3% Middle East 1.3% Central and South America 3.7% Australia and New Zealand 0.6% Use (finished steel products) World total: 692 Use (finished steel products) World total: 1,198 Other Asia 13.9% Japan 10.2% Others 9.8% China 16.0% EU (27) 22.7% NAFTA 21.4% Other Europe 2.5% CIS 3.5% Other Asia 15.2% Japan 6.4% Others 10.2% China 35.5% EU (27) 15.2% NAFTA 10.8% Other Europe 2.4% CIS 4.2% Others comprise: Africa 2.2% Middle East 2.4% Central and South America 4.0% Australia and New Zealand 1.2% Others comprise: Africa 2.2% Middle East 3.6% Central and South America 3.7% Australia and New Zealand 0.8% 14 15

9 APPARENT STEEL USE 2002 TO 2008 APPARENT STEEL USE PER CAPITA 2002 TO 2008 finished steel products Austria Belgium - Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (27) European Union (27) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East China India Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australia and New Zealand World , , , ,198.1 kilograms finished steel products Austria Belgium - Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (27) European Union (27) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East China India Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australia and New Zealand World

10 PIG IRON, 2007 and 2008 Production 2007 Production Exports Imports 2008 Apparent = Consumption 2008 Austria Belgium - Luxembourg Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovakia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (25) Bulgaria Romania Turkey Others Other Europe Kazakhstan Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Venezuela Other Latin America Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East China India Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australia New Zealand Other Oceania Oceania World DIRECT REDUCED IRON PRODUCTION 2001 TO Germany Sweden European Union (27) Russia Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Peru Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela Central and South America Egypt Libya Nigeria South Africa Africa Iran Qatar Saudi Arabia Middle East China India Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Asia Australia World

11 IRON ORE 2007 WORLD IRON ORE TRADE BY AREA 2007 actual weight Fe Content 1 Production - Exports + Imports = Apparent Consumption Austria (32) Belgium - Luxembourg Bulgaria Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovakia Spain Sweden (63) United Kingdom Other EU European Union (27) Bosnia-Herzegovina Norway (65) Turkey Other Europe Europe CIS (60) Canada (63) Mexico (65) United States (60) NAFTA Brazil (66) Chile (61) Peru (60) Venezuela (64) Other America Central and South America Mauritania (65) South Africa (65) Other Africa Africa Middle East China (28) ,090.1 India (61) Japan (57) South Korea Other Asia Asia ,412.8 Australia (65) New Zealand and Other Oceania World 2, ,006.7 actual weight Destination Exporting Region European Union (27) Other Europe CIS European Union (27) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Central and South America Africa and Middle East China Japan Other Asia Oceania Total Exports of which: extra-regional exports* Net Exports (exports - imports) * - excluding intra-regional trade marked NAFTA Central and South America Africa and Middle East Asia Oceania Total Imports of which: extra-regional imports* (1) of domestic production: percentage Fe of total weight

12 WORLD TRADE IN STEEL PRODUCTS 1975 TO 2008 finished steel WORLD STEEL EXPORTS, ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT 2003 TO 2007 crude steel production Exports are of finished and semi-finished steel products. Production of finished steel. where not available from national sources. is calculated from crude steel production. taking into account the continuous casting ratio. volume indices 2000 = Year Exports Production Exports % , , , , WORLD VOLUME OF TRADE 1990 TO Ingots and semi-finished material Railway track material Angles, shapes and sections Concrete re-inforcing bars Bars and rods, hot-rolled Wire rod Drawn wire Other bars and rods Hot-rolled strip Cold-rolled strip Hot-rolled sheets and coils Plates Cold-rolled sheets and coils Electrical sheet and strip Tinmill products Galvanised sheet Other coated sheet Steel tubes and fittings Wheels (forged and rolled) and axles Castings Forgings Other Total Exports in World Steel in Figures include intra-eu trade, trade between countries of the CIS, and trade between NAFTA countries. The figures are based on a broad definition of the steel industry and its products, including ingots, semi-finished products, hot-rolled and cold-finished products, tubes, wire, and unworked castings and forgings. The above table comprises the exports of 37 countries, which represents aproximately 90% of total world trade in manufactured goods steel all comodities 22 23

13 WORLD STEEL TRADE BY AREA 2007 MAJOR IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL 2007 Exporting Region Rank Total Exports Rank Total Imports European Union (25) Other Europe Destination European Union (25) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa Middle East China Japan Other Asia Oceania Total Exports of which: extra-regional exports* Net Exports (exports - imports) CIS * - excluding intra-regional trade marked NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East China Japan Other Asia Oceania Total Imports of which: extra-regional imports 1 China Japan European Union (27) Ukraine Germany Russia Belgium - Luxembourg South Korea France Italy Taiwan, China Netherlands Brazil United States United Kingdom Spain Austria Turkey Canada India 6.6 Rank Net Exports (exports - imports) 1 China Japan Ukraine Russia Brazil Belgium - Luxembourg Austria South Africa Germany Slovakia Netherlands Taiwan, China Kazakhstan Venezuela Moldova European Union (27) United States Germany South Korea Italy Belgium - Luxembourg France China Spain Turkey Iran Thailand United Kingdom Taiwan, China Netherlands Viet Nam Poland Canada India Russia 7.3 Rank Net Imports (imports - exports) 1 United States Iran Viet Nam South Korea European Union (27) Spain Thailand Italy United Arab Emirates Turkey Saudi Arabia Indonesia Hong Kong, China Philippines Poland Excluding intra-regional trade 2 Data for individual European Union (27) countries include intra-european trade 24 25

14 SCRAP: ESTIMATED USE, TRADE AND APPARENT DOMESTIC SUPPLY 2008 ABOUT WORLDSTEEL Consumption - Imports + Exports Apparent = Domestic Supply Austria Belgium - Luxembourg Bulgaria Czech Republic Germany Finland France Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (27) Turkey Other Europe Other Europe CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Other Central and South America Central and South America South Africa Other Africa Africa Middle East China Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australian and New Zealand World The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most dynamic industry associations in the world. worldsteel represents approximately 180 steel producers (including 18 of the 20 largest steel companies), national and regional steel industry associations, and steel research institutes. worldsteel members produce around 85% of the world s steel. World Steel in Figures World Steel Association, 2009 ISSN Cover photo: Steel sculpture in Hannover, Germany Design by Blisscommunication.com 26

15 World Steel Association Rue Colonel Bourg 120 B-1140 Brussels Belgium T: +32 (0) F: +32 (0) E: C413 Office Building Beijing Lufthansa Center 50 Liangmaqiao Road Chaoyang District Beijing China T : F : E : china@worldsteel.org worldsteel.org 28

WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES nd Edition

WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES nd Edition WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2008 2 nd Edition 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD World crude steel production, 1950 to 2007...9 Top steel-producing companies, 2006 and 2007...10 The major steel-producing countries,