Initial Results from a 200-year Soil Monitoring Study

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1 Initial Results from a 200-year Soil Monitoring Study Don Ross, University of Vermont Thom Villars, USD NRCS Scott Bailey, US Forest Service Nancy Burt, US Forest Service Sandy Wilmot, Vermont Dept. of Forest, Parks and Recreation

2 Project Goals: 1. stablish five 50 x 50 m relatively uniform plots in sites associated with the VMC. 2. Sample plots at 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 years. 3. rchive initial samples for later comparisons. 4. Obtain a large reference sample of two horizons for laboratory quality control. 5. nalyze initial samples at three different laboratories to determine baseline values. 6. Protect the plots for future monitoring.

3 Sites: Mt. Mansfield Ranch Brook northern hardwood Mt. Mansfield Forehead high elevation spruce/fir Mt. Mansfield Underhill State Forest transitional SCN site; reference sample site Lye Brook Road northern hardwood SCN site Lye Brook Trail transitional

4 Mansfield Forehead NW 50 m 5m N 50 m typical plot plan. Plots with red numbers were sampled in SW S

5 Mansfield forehead plot

10 Underhill State Park Plot

12 Ranch Brook plot

14 Lye Brook Road

15 Lye Brook Trail plot

Sampling plan 2002 by horizon (no, or Cd) 204 samples: 49, 22, 30, 91 B, 12 BC 2007 large samples /, or, top 10 cm of B, 60-70

16 Sampling plan 2002 by horizon (no, or Cd) 204 samples: 49, 22, 30, 91 B, 12 BC 2007 large samples /, or, top 10 cm of B, cm, 192 samples: 50 /, 50 or, 44 B, 40 C, 8 (FH) 2007 by horizon, all sampled 340 samples: 39, 9 /, 36, 48, 30, 21, 129 B, 28 C

Plot 12 Plot 14 Plot 21 Plot 43 Plot 44 Plot 60 Plot 78 Plot 80 Plot 85 Plot 99 1 OI 2 OI 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bhs 9 10 11 12 13 Bhs1 14 Bhs 15 Bhs

17 2002 Lye Brook Road site 2007 Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots Sampling - Soil Profile Charts Lye Brook - Road site Depth in Centimeters Cm. Plot 12 Plot 14 Plot 21 Plot 43 Plot 44 Plot 60 Plot 78 Plot 80 Plot 85 Plot 99 1 OI 2 OI Bhs Bhs1 14 Bhs 15 Bhs 16 Bhs1 17 Bhs2 Bhs Bhs1 22 Bhs Bs Bhs 29 Bhs Bhs2 Bhs2 Bs Bs Bs Bs 53 Bs BC BC 67 BC BC 73 BC 74 75

18 2002 Lye Brook Trail site Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots Sampling - Soil Profile Charts Lye Brook - Trail site Depth in Centimeters Cm. Plot 4 Plot 12 Plot 21 Plot 26 Plot 27 Plot 32 Plot 56 Plot 84 Plot 93 Plot Bhs 19 Bhs Bhs Bhs Bs Bs1 28 Bhs Bhs Bs 34 Bhs Bhs Bhs2 Bhs 37 Bhs Bhs Bs2 45 Bhs BC Bs BC Bhs2 56 BC 57 BC BC BC BC BC Cm. Plot 25 Plot 36 Plot 38 Plot 47 Plot 52 Plot 58 Plot 61 Plot 68 Plot 74 Plot Bhs Bhs 23 Bs 24 Bhs1 Bhs Bhs Bs 28 Bhs Bs Bhs Bhs1 33 Bhs Bhs2 Bs Bs Bhs2 Bs Bs Bs Bs Cd Cd Cd 67 Cd Cd Cd Cd 74 75

19 2002 Mt. Mansfield Ranch Brook 2007 Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots Sampling - Soil Profile Charts Mount Mansfield - Ranch Brook site Depth in Centimeters Cm. Plot 4 Plot 13 Plot 20 Plot 31 Plot 33 Plot 35 Plot 65 Plot 66 Plot 75 Plot Bs 23 Bhs BC Cm. Plot 1 Plot 12 Plot 30 Plot 36 Plot 50 Plot 52 Plot 62 Plot 87 Plot 88 Plot Bhs Cd Cd

20 2002 Mt. Mansfield Polka Dot site 2007 Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots Sampling - Soil Profile Charts Mount Mansfield - Polka Dot site Depth in Centimeters Cm. Plot 9 Plot 21 Plot 31 Plot 39 Plot 57 Plot 62 Plot 69 Plot 82 Plot 90 Plot Bs Bhs 18 Bs Bs Cd BC 44 BC 45 Cd BC 46 BC BC >50 BC BC 57 Cd Cd 58 Cd BC 2 >59 61 Cd Cd Cm. Plot 13 Plot 15 Plot 24 Plot 25 Plot 45 Plot 63 Plot 79 Plot 81 Plot 87 Plot Bhs 13 Bhs Bhs Bhs Bhs Bs Bs Bs Bs Bs Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd C Cd Cd 69 Cd Cd 75 Cd

21 2002 Mt. Mansfield Forehead Site 2007 Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots Sampling - Soil Profile Charts Mount Mansfield - Forehead site Depth in Centimeters Cm. Plot 5 Plot 20 Plot 26 Plot 33 Plot 40 Plot 45 Plot 48 Plot 62 Plot 77 Plot R R 23 Bhs R R 26 R R 29 R R 32 Bhs R R Cm. Plot 3 Plot 8 Plot 11 Plot 21 Plot 36 Plot 52 Plot 72 Plot 74 Plot 81 Plot R R R R R Bg 36 R Bhs R Bs Bhs R 68 R 69 70

22 2002 by horizon Storage oz polyethylene cups 1 complete set stored at HBF Remainder in Jeffords Hall basement 2007 large samples or 16-oz cups, Jeffords Hall basement 1 complete set to be stored at HBF? 2007 by horizon Still in plastic bags

nalysis 2002 by horizon B horizons only 20 ml sent to

Cations by mechanical vacuum extraction (MV) at UVM, ICP

sent to NRCS Lincoln Lab Cations by MV at UVM, ICP at FS

23 nalysis 2002 by horizon B horizons only 20 ml sent to NRCS Lincoln Lab Cations batch extracted at UVM, ph Cations by mechanical vacuum extraction (MV) at UVM, ICP at FS lab in Durham 2007 large samples all except / 20 ml sent to NRCS Lincoln Lab Cations by MV at UVM, ICP at FS lab 2007 by horizon B horizons only Total C,N and cations by MV at UVM

24 nalyses run by NRCS 2002 by horizon B horizons only Total C, N and S Oxalate extractable l, Fe, Mn, Si and P Pyrophosphate l, Fe and Mn CC xchangeable cations (detection limit too high) 2007 large samples ll of the above except CC and cations

25 2007 C, N and S from NRCS lab Site _FRQ_ C N C/N S % % % 1 LR / LT / RB / PD / FH / LR B LT B RB B PD B FH B LR C LT C RB C PD C FH

26 2002 C vs CC, B horizons

27 2002 C vs CCe, B horizons

28 2007 C vs CCe, B horizons

Comparisons 1. 2002 B horizon exchangeable cations UVM batch vs. UVM/FS MV NRCS data not used 2. 2007 depth samples vs.

29 Comparisons B horizon exchangeable cations UVM batch vs. UVM/FS MV NRCS data not used depth samples vs horizons Horizons prorated to 10 cm If: 7 cm Bhs1, 16 cm Bhs 2 10-cm Ca = 0.7 x Ca x Ca vs verage of all B horizons

30 exchangeable Ca, batch vs. MV

31 exchangeable Mg, batch vs. MV

32 exchangeable K, batch vs. MV

33 exchangeable l, batch vs. MV

34 exchangeable Ca 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon samples

35 exchangeable Ca 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon samples

36 total carbon 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon samples

37 total carbon 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon samples

38 exchangeable l 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon

39 Ca:C ratio 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon

40 vs exchangeable Ca average of all B horizons

41 2002 vs exchangeable Ca average of all B horizons Same as last graph 3

42 Ranch exchangeable Ca in the uppermost B horizon Red is 2002 and blue is N

43 vs exchangeable l average of all B horizons

44 vs total carbon average of all B horizons

Power analysis Lye Road B 0-10 cm xchangeable Ca cmolc/kg 0.114 0.118 0.119 0.157 0.140 0.118 0.160 0.

45 Power analysis Lye Road B 0-10 cm xchangeable Ca cmolc/kg n 10 std dev mean difference to detect P P

46 Detecting change

47 Detecting change

48 Detecting change

49 Young volunteers needed! Funding from the Vermont Monitoring Cooperative and the US Forest Service Thanks to than Morehouse, Joel Tilley and for lab work.

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