Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group

Transcription

1 Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group Building awareness, accelerating adoption and coordinating the development of charging infrastructure throughout the Greater Wellington Region Coordination Update 02: September 2017 The Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group (REVWG) is comprised of officers from councils across the region. The group operates as a coordinating mechanism for the promotion of electric vehicles (EV) generally, and in relation to the development of charging infrastructure. sustainable@gw.govt.nz

2 REVWG Coordination Update 02: September 2017 The Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group (REVWG) is comprised of officers from councils across the region and is convened by the Greater Wellington Regional Council. 1 The group operates as a coordinating mechanism for the promotion of electric vehicles (EV) generally, and in relation to the development of charging infrastructure. REVWG produces a coordination update every six months which summarises the current state of play and short term outlook for EVs in the region enabling further planning to evolve from a coordinated base. The updates cover: Elements within the scope of REVWGs influence (e.g. charging infrastructure at council operated locations, transition of Council fleets, and public promotion) and while activity relevant to electric vehicle adoption overall (e.g. the development of charging infrastructure by the private sector for private or public use, central gov. led promotion) acknowledging there are barriers and opportunities outside REVWGs scope (e.g. purchase cost and range of EVs available, development of a national charging network). REVWG meets quarterly and meetings include a public forum which is open to sector stakeholders and interested parties from throughout NZ. To join the group please sustainable@gw.govt.nz Image: Council boundaries within the Wellington region 2 1 The group is convened by the Greater Wellington Regional Council and includes officers from Wellington, Hutt, Upper Hutt and Porirua City Councils; Kapiti Coast, South Wairarapa, Carterton and Masterton District Councils. Councils north of the region also collaborate as appropriate. REVG coordination updates do not constitute council policy or reflect the statutory plans of any council represented. 2 Wellington Electricity serves Wellington City, north to Pukerua Bay and Upper Hutt; PowerCo serves the Wairarapa; and Electra serves Paekakariki and north along Kapiti coast. These electricity lines companies participate in REVWG. Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 1

3 REVWG Coordination Update 02: September 2017 Contents 1. Current state of play Page 4 Table 1 Charging Infrastructure and electric vehicles in the Wellington region 1.1 Key observations: 1.2 Local government policy and fleets 1.3 Recent promotional activity 1.4 Charging infrastructure development 1.5 Central Government Electric Vehicle Programme Electric vehicle charging safety guideline Low Emission Vehicles Contestable Fund National guidance for public charging infrastructure 2. Regional EV Working Group: Current objectives & actions Page 8 Table 2 EV charging infrastructure: Achieving coverage and maintaining capacity Figure 1 Fast charging infrastructure (Sept 2017) Figure 2 Slow charging infrastructure (Sept 2017) Table 3 REVWG 2017/18 Objectives and relevant actions Page Looking ahead Page City and District infrastructure plans Page 14 Wellington City Hutt City Upper Hutt City Porirua City Kapiti Coast District Wairarapa Districts Greater Wellington Regional Council Appendix 1: Electric Vehicles The broad context Page 22 Appendix 2: Notes re appropriately locating charging stations Page 26 Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 2

4 1. Current state of play Table 1: Charging Infrastructure and electric vehicles in the Wellington region Charging Stations - Fast Start of 2016 Start of 2017 Now (Sept 2017) Charging Stations - Slow Start of 2016 Now (Sept 2017) New Zealand ~ 10 (plus 200+ campgrounds) ~ 150 (plus 200+ campgrounds) Wellington Region (plus ~10 campgrounds) 16 (plus ~10 campgrounds) Electric Vehicles Start of 2016 Start of 2017 Now (Sept 2017) End of 2017 (estimated) Target/s Set by Minister of Transport (exceeds 4000 MoT goal) 64,000 electric vehicles on road by 2021 < ? No target. Note that 6,400 vehicles by 2021 represents a per-capita share of the NZ target. International data demonstrates that areas with higher per capita incomes experience greater uptake (relevant as Wellington city highest per capita income in NZ). Total light vehicles on road 3 million 250,000 CO 2 e offset annually tonnes 1160 tonnes 3 Simple model of 2 tonnes CO2e per car per year using the most recent vehicle count from MoT. Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 3

5 1.1 Key observations: In 2016, numbers of electric vehicles and charging stations have begun growing exponentially from a near-zero base Visibility of charging infrastructure and electric vehicles is improving but still very low. Coverage is not yet complete. In some areas of the region it is still not practical to drive an electric vehicle (i.e. you would end up waiting hours to recharge along your journey). There is a noticeable gap between Otaki and Porirua. The Wairarapa presents an issue in that coasts lack coverage (e.g. Castle Point). There is an interregional gap between Masterton and Hawke s Bay.. Capacity at charging sites is a growing issue, given the relatively few number of locations today, and that a fast-charge location can only charge one vehicle at once. Vehicles are more than doubling annually, with charging queues frequently noted at Vivian St (Wellington city) and at times, other locations. A fault at any of station would likely strand or severely inconvenience electric motorists. Improving redundancy and capacity now needs to be added to the agenda. Knowledge about electric vehicles and installing infrastructure is limited to a few experts, and even then, a high pace of technological change means no one has all the answers. Transport emissions contribute 39% of the regions total green house gas emissions, with petrol use for road transport contributing 29% Local government policy and fleets Currently, Greater Wellington has 7 electric vehicles; the remainder have either one or zero. The nine councils in the area operate between 500 and 600 vehicles. Ownership arrangements are mixed across the councils, with some owning their entire fleet and others leasing. The two District Health Boards have approximately the same number of vehicles as the councils combined. Greater Wellington Regional Council adopted an electric vehicle first policy in 2016, and Wellington City Council has publicly stated goals to grow its number of electric vehicles. GWRC have produced an information paper for vehicle fleet managers with practical information about fleet transition, charging infrastructure, the changes to Council s vehicle policy and electric vehicles in general. The paper also summarises the results of a NZ wide council survey about electric vehicle uptake. A key advantage of Council s using EVs is that it boosts visibility of the vehicles in the community. Some vehicle types (e.g. open tray 4WD utes) are not currently available. 1.3 Recent promotional activity Leading the Charge Road Trip April Several councils supporting a nationwide rally of a dozen electric vehicles driing from Bluff to Cape Reinga. The Wellington event co-incided with a large Motor Trade Association event, and about 1000 Wellingtonians got to test drive or ride an electric vehicle, and many thousands more inspected the broad range of electric cars on display. 4 Regional Green House Gas Inventory Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 4

6 1.4 Charging infrastructure development 1. Charge Net NZ (private company) is installing a nationwide network of over 100 fast chargers nationwide (50 kw DC). Their chargers are now operational in Wellington CBD, Petone, Lower Hutt, Upper Hutt, Featherston, Masterton, Otaki and Porirua. An installation is planned in Paraparaumu in See for more info. The sites currently installed have the capacity to charge just one vehicle at once; it is acknowledged that expansion will be necessary soon. 2. Wellington City Council should soon have a mixture of fast and slow public charging stations in the city and suburbs. Car park locations were publicly consulted on earlier in Some funding will come from EECA, Spark, Charge Net NZ and Mevo. This will help satisfy the need for quickly charging cars in the CBD, slowly charging cars parked for longer periods in the city, and enable residents to more practically own electric cars where their homes lacking off-street parking. 3. Wellington Electricity are actively supporting the development of a charging network across the region, covering the cost of the electricity network work required for installation of one fast charger in each TA area (Vivian St and Petone having been completed), and participating in relevant working groups and stakeholder forums. WE were one of the first organisations in the region to bring EVs into their corporate fleet and now have 5 electric cars. 4. Spark is working with Wellington City and Kapiti Coast District Councils to install standard chargers attached to roadside phone boxes (10-22kW AC). These are positioned at sites of interest (town or suburban shopping districts, etc) where drivers have access to a range of activities while their cars charge. This initiative could have the potential to add several dozen sites to the region. 5. Staglands Wildlife Reserve and Zealandia have charging facilities supported by Wellington Electricity and Wellington City Council 6. Tesla Motors have opened a NZ operation and are deploying very fast (120kW+ DC) SuperCharger infrastructure for their vehicles in the country, and/or offer slower (22kW AC) Destination Charging for hospitality and other appropriate sites. Link to map - see Asia-Pacific. The above initiatives will largely offer coverage for the region. This leaves remaining areas of interest where there are large volumes of drivers or pedestrians, which provide the dual benefit of promotion to public and electricity for cars. Sites such as malls and the airport fall into this category. Recreational / outdoor attractions also offer significant potential for awareness raising. Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 5

7 1.5 Central Government Electric Vehicle Programme In May 2016, the Government announced its Electric Vehicle Programme, with a package of measures to stimulate the adoption of electric vehicles in New Zealand. Information on this can be accessed at The lead agencies and their roles in the electric vehicle programme are: Electric vehicle charging safety guidelines: Worksafe have released electric vehicle charging safety guidelines Low Emission Vehicles Contestable Fund: The Government has established a contestable fund to encourage innovation and investment that will accelerate uptake of electric and other low emission vehicles in New Zealand that might not otherwise occur. The fund will provide up to $6 million per year (up to $4 million in 2016/17) to co-fund, up to 50%, projects with private and public sector partners in areas where commercial returns aren t strong enough yet to justify full private investment. These projects will need to contribute to at least one of the following objectives: Increasing the variety and supply of electric vehicles (EVs) available Improving the availability of servicing or charging infrastructure in areas where demand is not fully developed Increasing demand for EVs Developing innovative products or systems to take advantage of growing EV usage REVWG recognise the fund as a key mechanism for supporting the ongoing uptake of electric vehicles and development of associated infrastructure in the region. Where appropriate Councils will utilise the fund, ensuring optimal value for local projects is achieved. WCC and HCC have successfully been awarded funding under the scheme. Details about the fund including dates for the next round are on the LEVCF fund website National guidance for public charging infrastructure: NZTA have published National guidance for public electric vehicle charging infrastructure Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 6

8 2. Regional EV Working Group: Current objectives & actions The Regional EV Working group (REVWG) operates as a coordinating mechanism for the promotion of electric vehicles (EV) generally, and in relation to the development of charging infrastructure. Electric vehicles are considered a key platform for sustainable transport within the transport hierarchy, which prioritises active and public transport modes and places emphasis on the importance of air quality, reduced noise and urban form for enhancing quality of life. REVWGs intention is to ensure that both electric vehicle charging capacity and coverage is maintained at a sufficient scale to enable electric vehicle owners to travel freely throughout the region, and that charging infrastructure is utilised as a promotional tool that encourages further uptake of EVs. Table 1 below summarises the strategic trajectory (achieving coverage then maintaining capacity) underpinning REVWGs work, and figure 1 depicts the current level of coverage based on the range of a Nissan Leaf. Table 2 EV charging infrastructure: Achieving coverage and maintaining capacity TIME Now ( ) Future (keeping pace with demand) REVWG supports multiple stakeholders to install 100 charging stations in a coordinated fashion, providing regional coverage. REVWGs role is to facilitate optimal placement and accelerate the pace of installation. This will inform those who don t know about EVs to learn about their existence. And will give those who know about EVs the confidence to buy one. And give those who have an EV the confidence to drive anywhere in the region. But will soon create bottlenecks of cars queuing to recharge, and so REVWG will need to support and coordinate additional capacity. Coverage and Promotion Add Capacity Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 7

9 Figure 1: Fast charging infrastructure Current level of coverage across the Wellington region (September 2017) Fast Chargers typically take 25 minutes add 100km of driving. At present, most fast-charging sessions are of this duration or less. Grey icons show stations in use at the moment the map was captured. This illustrates the condition that electric vehicle motorists will increasingly find a charger already occupied, and have to queue up. Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 8

10 Figure 2: Slow charging infrastructure Current level of coverage across the Wellington region (September 2017) Slow Chargers typically 4-12 hours to charge cars. This is a mixture of purpose built charging equipment, camp ground sockets, and wall sockets. These suit destinations where people are parked for several hours during the day or overnight. At present this helps to fill some geographical gaps in the network (e.g. Wairarapa). Well positioned slow chargers, where people are already parking for some length of time, help to reduce the stess placed on the fast charging network. In regards to publically available EV charging infrastructure, coverage is currently considered insufficient across the region and within Territorial Authority (TA) boundaries, 5 though some are better served than others. Over the coming 6 to 12 month period a number of new installations will occur, including some old Telecom phone boxes being converted to Spark plugs. This will significantly increase coverage within some TA areas. These individual installations are outlined in the TA pages in section four. While the new installations and conversion of the Spark boxes will greatly improve the situation regionally, flat spots 6 will still remain. The most notable of these will be: Porirua City, outside the CBD (e.g. Plimmerton, Pauatahanui, Whitby, Titahi, Pukerua Bay) Upper Hutt outside the CBD (e.g. SilverStream) Hutt City outside the CBD (e.g. Wainuiomata and Eastbourne). At the time of writing Wairarapa councils are assessing the potential for Sparkplug conversions, which have the potential to provide coverage in all towns including along the east and south coasts. 5 Territorial Authorities are city and district councils. I.e. Wellington, Hutt, Upper Hutt and Porirua City Councils; Kapiti Coast, South Wairarapa, Carterton and Masterton District Councils. 6 So called flat spots (areas that lack coverage) are identified using a conservative estimate of an EV drivers range requirements. The Generation 1 Nissan Leaf (the most popular EV on NZ roads currently) which has a range of 117 kilometres on a full charge is used as a benchmark. An assumption is applied that most drivers considering regional travel would desire a publically available charger to be located within 30 kilometres of any TA centre. This would enable a driver starting out on approximately 75% battery to conduct a return trip from one TA centre to another. In practice, the driver is unlikely to live in the TA centre, and so additional kilometres will be required for travel within the TA area, hence the conservative figures applied. It is acknowledged that most EV owners will be able to charge their vehicle at home (if purchased for personal/family use); or at their business (if purchased by a business). Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 9

11 REVWG 2017/18 Objectives and relevant actions Table 3 below sets out a broad range of objectives designed to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles in the region. Options for initiatives that will progress the objectives are also identified, however it should be noted that the capacity for implementation of the options differs from council to council. Electric vehicles are a relatively new technology and incorporating the wide array of initiatives required to facilitate their uptake into council planning, budgets and strategy is an iterative process that will take time. Table 3: REVWG 2016/17 Objectives and relevant actions Enable sufficient coverage Provide support and coordination as appropriate, enabling a sufficient coverage of charging infrastructure to develop across the region as quickly as possible so that electric vehicle drivers can travel confidently around the region. Indicative timeframe 2017/18 Note: Positioning of charging stations should consider both geographical coverage (the distance between chargers) population density, and visibility (i.e. located in places where they will act as promotional tools). See Appendix 2 for details. Status: The addition of Paraparaumu Fast Charger largely satisfies this, if one ignores the less visited Wairarapa coasts. Ensure capacity maintained After achieving sufficient coverage, provide support and coordination as appropriate so that the capacity of charging infrastructure is boosted, staying adequately ahead of demand to stimulate further uptake Note: Capacity goals can simplistically be viewed using a historical rule of thumb ratio of 1 public charger to 10 cars. However in practice capacity growth will usually only be justified where a specific site can be shown to be congested with cars regularly queuing up to recharge. Status: Electric vehicle uptake in 2017 will necessitate increased infrastructure capacity increase during Promotion Promote the benefits of electric vehicles to the public in the region Initiative options being considered by some individual councils (where planning, review and budget cycles align appropriately) include: Support / facilitate events that enable the public to test drive an EV Demonstrate leadership (and gain knowledge) through electrification of council fleets (includes the adoption of a policy that prioritises the purchase of an electric vehicle; and formulation of a percentage of fleet electric by x date target - e.g. match private sector fleet pledges of at least 30% vehicles to be EVs by 2019 NZ Ref) Provide EV charging facilities at council operated facilities as appropriate (e.g. visitor carparks at libraries, swimming pools, major parks, council offices, isites, etc) continued overleaf Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 10

12 Ensure major retailers (that currently provide car parking) and car parking facility/building operators are aware of the commercial advantages providing charging infrastructure can bring. Where retailers and/or parking facility operators are installing charging infrastructure encourage the wider promotion of EVs through locating chargers in areas of high visibility with consistent messaging. Where appropriate, work with recreation and tourism destination operators to offer charging facilities and adopt consistent messaging. Encourage charging in homes and businesses Provide support and coordination to ensure the development of private charging infrastructure (primarily amongst businesses and households) develops sufficiently to sustain electric vehicle demand Initiatives that have proven successful overseas and that are currently being investigated by some individual councils for local relevance and feasibility (including where planning, review and budget cycles align appropriately) include: A council provided loan for charger installation in homes. Ratepayers could repay the loan at x% via rates payments (a similar scheme Warm Up Wellington exists for home insulation, the rate is 7%). A workplace charging challenge similar to the one run in the US (The US challenge currently has over 500 workplaces offering charging for employee vehicles, and has demonstrated that workplace charging for staff increases private ownership of electric vehicles by 20x). Creation of zero and low-emission zones (streets where only electric vehicles can park and/or drive through, unless they pay an exemption charge), an idea based on their prevalence and effectiveness in many major European cities including Paris, London, and Oslo. Amending building codes, consents and bylaws applicable to houses, apartments, retail premises and car parking buildings - requiring new builds and significant upgrades to provide recharging facilities. This is common in foreign locations (e.g. Vancouver scheme). Investigate options for on street charging in areas where off street marking is rare (note the UK scheme for local authorities) and work with relevant stakeholders where appropriate. Rates remission - to stimulate provision of charging infrastructure and dedicated EV parking space Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 11

13 Incorporate EVs in council planning and strategy Incorporate the development and coordination of charging infrastructure, the adoption of EVs within the council s own operations and the promotion of electric vehicles into statutory and non-statutory documents as appropriate. Examples include: Local Government Annual Plan (July June 2018, internal planning beginning late 2016) Local Government Long Term Plan ( , internally planning late 2016 through 2017) Regional Transport Plan ( , planning done 2016/2017). Sustainability, climate change, air quality or transport strategy documents (non statutory). Provide charging facilities at public spaces Ensure upgrades to council property and facilities (e.g. council offices, swimming pools, community centres, as well as significant public spaces like popular beaches, walking trailheads, and major parks) consider the provision of charging facilities. Encourage car share schemes Car share schemes reduce road congestion and lower parking demand. Car share schemes that utilise electric vehicles enable more people to experience EVs. Ongoing Ongoing Encourage the adoption of low emission technologies across the transport sector e.g. marine and public transport (buses etc) Central government collaboration Work with central government agencies and the private sector to ensure adequate data is available to accurately inform capacity growth Work with relevant central government agencies around policy development and implementation where appropriate Data collection & provision Ensure charging infrastructure is able to capture relevant usage statistics and that it is made available to appropriate agencies Compatibility standards Ensure charging infrastructure meets consistent compatibility standards Monitor and evaluate change Monitor and evaluate changes in EV demand and technologies. Progress appropriate responses via the Regional EV Working Group or relevant Central Govt. agencies. Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 12

14 3. Looking ahead EV World (National Conference) Following the very successful EV Symposium co-hosted by Wellington City Council and Greater Wellington Regional Council, a national conference for electric vehicles was hosted in Auckland in September Greater Wellington Regional Council spoke in the local government section of the programme. Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 13

15 4. City and District infrastructure plans Information on the pages below are sourced from each Territorial Authority and is subject to change. Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 14

16 4.1 Wellington City Policy Assets Issues Tasks Goal Fleet Council agreed to Identify up to 100 locations for car chargers or car share in Low Carbon Capital 2016/17 Plan, and broader intent via 2015 mayoral declaration 7 to support... uptake of electric vehicles Large population, high incomes. CBD is primary destination for work and non-work travel in region. Since mid 2016, now has chargers to satisfy a low number of EVs. Low visibility of infrastructure and EVs Contention for car parking space High percentage of homes, apartments without off-street parking/charging. Lack of HOV and bus-lanes makes it harder to advantage EV travel Charging capacity is currently limited with only one fast charger (options for additional chargers are being investigated) WCC-funded charger at Z Featherston is outdated, off-standard; needs upgrading.this site has been sold for property development, unlikely to be upgraded. Nearby plan for fast charger. Develop process and identify technology for chargers on residential streets Decide time limits, and pricing structure (or free to drive uptake?) for on-street parking By-law for designation and enforcement (fines) Only needed for in the process of charging can enforce on EVs as a vehicle class. Add EV charging to standard feature on property/urban area upgrades/builds Identify options for additional fast chargers 40 electric car charging locations (to serve population of 200,000; 40% of region; plus high commuter and visitor numbers). 1 electric car out of fleet of 197 (100 of which are traditional passenger vehicles that may be eligible for conversion). Council has stated an intention towards more EVs. Council is purchasing 4 EVs in 2017/18 and 2 each year following to result in 8 by SLOW CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea WCC slow charger (Featherston St) - needs upgrade Sustainability Trust solar slow chargers (near Courtenay Pl) Zealandia solar-fed slow chargers (Karori) CQ Hotel (6 electrified carparks for overnight guests) Greater Wellington office (for visitors and afterhours public access) SparkPlug installations at 20+ inner city and suburban locations Car Parking Buildings - two with 4+ slow bays, either end of city 2 Key destinations eg Airport, Te Papa, Zoo, Botanic Gardens, Stadium, Brooklyn Turbine, 1 10 On Street chargers. E.g. Featherston St, Victoria St, Inglewood Pl 3 EECA Funded residential project 50 Destination chargers at walking and cycling track heads, beaches, etc. (encouraging healthy lifestyle) FAST CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea Charge Net NZ fast charger (at Z Vivian St) Fast Chargers (e.g. Airport/East, North CBD, Karori, Johnsonville) 3 1 TOTAL To see a map of charging infrastructure currently installed, visit plugshare.com 7 Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 15

17 4.2 Hutt City Policy Assets Issues Tasks Goal Fleet Environmental Sustainability Strategy states introduce and trial use of electric cars into council vehicle fleet and work with businesses to help build electric car charging points, and broader intent via 2015 mayoral declaration 8 to support... uptake of electric vehicles. High traffic corridor (SH2) and high population and moderate retail density. Charger located at prominent public location (Dowse) Infrastructure concentrated to isolated areas of the city (Jackson St, Dowse) Increase capacity at Dowse facility which is facing increasing congestion with only one car park. Add EV charging to standard feature on property/urban area upgrades/builds Increase number of electric vehicles into fleet 20 electric car charging locations (to serve population of 100,000; 20% of region) Mayoral vehicle is electric (Plug-in Hybrid. First Mayor to do so in country). 1 electric car out of fleet of 100+ SLOW CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea Pak n save Petone Dowse (Stephens Grove) HCC Fleet Carpark (public use out of business hours) Community Hub, Stokes Valley (building under construction) 1 SparkPlug installations at 3+ locations (e.g. Petone, CBD, Days Bay, Wainuiomata) 3 Avalon Park / Playground 1 CBD major retail destination 1 Hutt Hospital (idea for fleet and visitors) 1 Further community facilities (Libraries, Walter Nash, Pelorus Trust, Naenae Pool, etc) 5 FAST CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea Charge Net NZ fast charger (Was Z Petone but currently at Stephens Grove) Z Petone (currently unavailable but will be reinstated early December 2016). TOTAL To see a map of charging infrastructure currently installed, visit plugshare.com 8 Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 16

18 4.3 Upper Hutt City Policy Assets Issues Tasks Goal Electric vehicles acknowledged in 30 year plan - upperhuttcity.com/planning/urban-growth-strategy/ and and broader intent via 2015 mayoral declaration 9 to support... uptake of electric vehicles. Moderate traffic corridor (SH2) and moderate population and moderate retail density. A fast charger installation has been given approval to proceed, and a slow charger is at a regional destination (Staglands) No infrastructure in inner city, yet. No slow chargers planned for inner city (useful for longer stay visitors and needed for cars lacking fast-charge compatibility) No electric vehicles in fleet Progress ideas for slow chargers into plans Begin fleet transition, and add charger for use by fleet and visitors to council 10 electric car charging locations (to serve population of 40,000; 8% of region) Fleet None out of fleet of 24 SLOW CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea Staglands (regional wildlife reserve) Akatarawa campground (for overnight users, but daytime visitors accepted) 1 H20 Extreme Swimming Complex 1 Harcourt Park, Maidstone Park, Trentham Park (popular outdoor destinations) 3 SparkPlug installations (yet to be evaluated) 2 Identify Silverstream opportunity 1 Kaitoke Park (managed by GWRC) 1 FAST CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea City center (Charge Net NZ at Lion Court shopping precinct) 1 TOTAL To see a map of charging infrastructure currently installed, visit plugshare.com 9 Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 17

19 4.4 Porirua City Policy Assets Issues Tasks Goal Internal Sustainability Strategy gives preference to fuel efficient and electric vehicles, and sets fuel use reduction and fuel efficiency targets. High traffic corridor (SH1, for now) and high population and moderate retail density. Fast charger to be installed late 2016 in city No infrastructure in inner city, yet. No slow chargers planned for inner city (useful for longer stay visitors and needed for cars lacking fast-charge compatibility) Transmission Gully motorway development will divert SH1 and its vehicle traffic away from this area Progress ideas for slow chargers into plans Develop fleet transition 10 electric car charging locations (to serve population of 50,000; 10% of region) Fleet 1 electric out of fleet of 52 SLOW CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea Campground (for overnight use, daytime permitted.) Pataka Art Gallery 1 SparkPlug installations (CBD, Plimmerton, Mana, Pukerua, Titahi Bay) 5 Identify Whitby and Pauatahanui opportunities (SparkPlug, or something else?) 2 Battle Hill park (managed by GWRC) 1 Kenepuru Hospital (fleet and visitors) 1 FAST CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea City center (Charge Net NZ at Ferry Place shopping precinct) 1 TOTAL Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 18

20 4.5 Kapiti Coast District Policy Assets Issues Tasks Goal Corporate emissions reduction target and plan (80% GHG emissions reduction in compared to baseline 10 ) is consistent with the introduction of electric vehicles. First fully electric vehicle was purchased in High traffic corridor (SH1) and moderate population and regional destination. A fast charger was installed in Ōtaki in 2016, an ideal stop 70km north of Wellington Agreement with Spark in place to install 5 Spark Plug chargers in 2017 Lack of charging infrastructure in main population area (Paraparaumu, Waikanae) Location of fast charger in Ōtaki is excellent for drivers continuing north but is problematic for completing a return trips from Wellington Gain approval from a landowner to install Paraparaumu fast charger Install Spark Box chargers Begin light vehicle fleet transition 10 electric car charging locations (to serve population of 50,000; 10% of region) Fleet 1 electric car and an electric rubbish truck out of fleet of 100. SLOW CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea Paekakariki Campground (for overnight use, daytime permitted) Southwards Car Museum 1 SparkPlug installations (2x Waikanae, 1x Paraparaumu, 1xRaumati, perhaps Paekākāriki) Nga Manu Wildlife Reserve 1 Queen Elizabeth park (managed by GWRC) 1 FAST CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea Otaki (Charge Net NZ at New World) 1 Paraparaumu (Charge Net NZ at Coastlands or nearby shopping precinct) 1 TOTAL To see a map of charging infrastructure currently installed, visit plugshare.com 10 Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 19

21 4.6 Wairarapa Districts Comprises Masterton District Council, Carterton District Council, South Wairarapa District Council. Policy Assets Issues Tasks Goal Masterton District: broad intent via 2015 mayoral declaration 11 to support... uptake of electric vehicles Traffic corridor (SH2) between Wellington and Hawke s Bay Regional tourism destination (Martinborough) Fast charger at Featherston (installed) and Masterton (installed) Large land area, long distances between locations, especially coastal towns. Low population density Get Spark Plug plan underway as a joint Wairarapa-wide initiative Invite retailers with off-street parking and long dwell times to offer destination charging (e.g. vineyards) Update tourism maps showing charging locations provided by council and businesses 15 electric car charging locations (to serve population of 45,000; 9% of region, plus lots of regional travellers) This ensure each town has a dedicated slow charger, two have a Fast charger, and two destinations in rural areas have facilities. Fleet South Wairarapa has 0 electric out of 12 vehicles; Carterton 0 out of ~15; Masterton 0 out of 19. SLOW CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea Masterton, Greytown, Featherston campgrounds (overnight use, daytime permitted) Stonehenge (Carterton district) 1 SparkPlug installations at: Masterton: Masterton township, Castlepoint, Riversdale Carterton: township South Wairarapa: Greytown, Martinborough, Ngawi 7 Martinborough isite redevelopment (South Wairarapa District) 1 Mt Bruce Pukaha (part managed by DOC) (Masterton District) 1 FAST CHARGERS Installed Running Planned Idea Featherston (Charge Net NZ at Supervalue supermarket) Masterton (Charge Net NZ at Dixon Street, near Information Centre) 1 TOTAL To see a map of charging infrastructure currently installed, visit plugshare.com 11 Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 20

22 4.7 Greater Wellington Regional Council Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) has a different statutory function to that of Territorial Authorities, and therefore it is not relevant to provide a table like those set out above. However it should be noted that GWRC has adopted a Climate Change Strategy and is taking action to reduce GHG emissions across all its areas of influence, including its own operations. GWRC is electrifying its vehicle fleet and has adopted an electric vehicle first policy, which prioritises the purchase of electric vehicles. The council currently owns 8 electric vehicles and it likely that several more will be purchased this financial year. GWRC has a goal to be the first region in New Zealand with an all electric bus fleet (with 10 electric double deckers entering service in July 2018 and a further 22 added by 2022), and when achieved this will help to normalise electric vehicles with the public. GWRC convenes the Regional Electric Vehicle Working Group and supports individual councils as appropriate. GWRC has developed an internal EV charging infrastructure to support it functions across the region with chargers installed at it s main offices/depots in Wellington City, Kapiti, Masterton and Upper Hutt. Where possible, the chargers are made available to visitors. Other initiatives currently being progressed include reviewing the facilities at Regional Parks with an aim to provide charging infrastructure for public use and supporting relevant promotional opportunities for electric vehicles. Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 21

23 Appendix 1: Electric Vehicles The broad context A1.1 Types of electric vehicles Manufacturers are progressing from fuel-only to full-electric batteries as illustrated. Battery electrics with a range of over 300km exist today, but are expensive. These vehicles will rapidly become mainstream when the purchase prices of a long range electric vehicle purchase price is less than a petrol vehicle, which is expected from around Unlike fueling a traditional vehicle, the act of recharging an electric vehicles can be done quickly (expensive equipment) or slowly (cheaper) and may occur in a greater range of situations: A1.2 Global Context In order to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, countries throughout the world need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decarbonising their economies. Electric vehicles present an immediate and significant solution for reducing emissions in the transport sector. Electric vehicles are not so much the future of transport, but more the quickly proliferating reality. Tesla Motors, the global upstart and thought-leader for electric vehicles, secured 400,000 pre-orders within one week of announcing their Model 3, a vehicle with both a price and capability set for mass adoption. Up to now, electric vehicles were either low cost (and capability, driving only 100km) or the purview of the rich (vehicles with 400km range and supercar performance exist, but cost well over $100,000). As a result of Tesla s mid 2016 sales rush, several global automakers have ended investment of fuel vehicle research and redirected it to electric vehicles. The environmental benefits, quiet, and better performance (faster acceleration, for example) of electric vehicles are undisputed. However the high cost, heavy weight, and limited lifespan of batteries has been an obstacle for over century. Indeed, up to 1914, there were more electric vehicles than fuel vehicles globally, and it was the progression from hand-crank to starter motors that allowed fuel vehicles to prevail. Advances in lithium ion batteries for laptops and smartphones improved the scale of economy (lowering cost) and refined the chemistry (improving life), and it is more or less an accident that as a result, electric vehicles have become viable. Electric vehicles have been built in production volumes since There is no consensus on forward volume projections other than that their adoption will rise exponentially. This is reflected through actual sales to date: Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 22

24 Sales of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hybrid vehicles that can plug-in and also run on fuel (PHEVs): 12 The growth of electric vehicles is underpinned by: 1. Economics. It is now cheaper for luxury vehicles to be manufactured as electric rather than fuel powered. Over the next 5 years, the same will apply to mid-market then entry-level priced vehicles. 2. Global policy. The Californian state, US, EU, and Chinese governments have legislation forcing automakers to build growing numbers of electric vehicles or face significant financial penalties. 3. Consumer awareness. Tesla has won the hearts and minds of car buyers that electric cars are powerful, sexy and cool. The public is beginning to learn the environmental and financial gains of EVs. Norway has a similar population and landmass to New Zealand, but now over 25% of vehicle sales are electric. The city government of Oslo installed 400 vehicle chargers from 2008 (population then: 600,000), which has since risen to over However, Norway taxes the purchase of fuel vehicles substantially ($20,000+) and uses that revenue to lower EV purchase prices, a model adopted by France and several others in Europe. New Zealand will take time before it would acclimatise to such policies. Key barriers to the deployment of electric vehicles are constantly being overcome. For example price continues to reduce while battery technology improves and both the range of models and how far the can travel on a single charge has increased. Multiple barriers do of course remain, primarily that of range anxiety where people are concerned that they could run out of charge and be left stranded on the roadside, and therefore do not purchase an EV. Range anxiety is expected to lessen as the prevalence and visibility of charging infrastructure raises confidence and familiarity. It should also be noted that EECA are delivering a nationwide information campaign. 12 iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/global_ev_outlook_2016.pdf 13 Detailed narrative of Oslo s initial infrastructure rollout ( , 400 charging stations): urbact.eu/sites/default/files/import/projects/evue/outputs_media/lap_electric_vehicle_charging_points_in_ Oslo_Final_01.pdf Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 23

25 A1.3 New Zealand Context New Zealand has ratified the Paris climate agreement and committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 30 per cent below 2005 levels by Transport emissions are one of the fastest growing sources of emissions and, having doubled since 1990, now account for 17% of the national footprint. Electric vehicles offer a significant opportunity for reducing emissions associated with transport. NZ GHG emissions 1990-present, and forecasts vs future commitments under UNFCCC Blue is gross emissions past and forecast; Green is net emissions. Downward arrows show UNFCCC commitments. To move New Zealand s transport into the electric age, the government established an electric vehicle programme mid This includes a target of year on year doubling of electric vehicles from 2000 in 2016 to 64,000 in 2021, expanding road user charge exemption on EVs, review of FBT and depreciation, and the introduction of a multi-million dollar allocation to promote electric vehicles and invest in projects that accelerate their adoption. Even so, reaching 64,000 vehicles is just 2% of our national vehicle count, so will make very little impact on the overall transport CO 2 e profile. This milestone should be seen as an important first step towards their mainstream adoption, which will in turn deliver meaningfully on our country s international climate change commitments. Low cost imports from Japan have reduced the price of EVs below $20,000. Our electricity is some of the greenest on the planet; as a result driving an electric vehicle produces 80% less CO 2 than driving a fuel one. Cleans our air quality. Vehicle exhaust emissions reduce local air quality and contribute to respiratory illness and premature deaths. (The World Health Organisation now classifies exposure to diesel emissions in its highest category of carcinogens. Electric vehicles improve health in our society.) Aid our 100% pure image and its tourism and immigration opportunity. Economic sense. A transition to electric fleet helps 1. the country (billions of dollars of oil no longer need to be imported, and we are not at risk of global oil price shocks) and 2. families (thousands spent on petrol replaced downsized to just a few hundred dollars on home power bill) Charging equipment will be installed in most towns along SH1 by end of 2016 (pictured right). More chargers will be still be needed to avoid queues. New Zealand public is not yet informed and confident about EVs. Most have never seen or driven one. Vehicle-type diversity and affordable long range vehicles will take a few years to arrive here. Financial savings can be forecast regionally, for business, and at in homes. The higher vehicle purchase point is typically offset by the $2000+ per annum ongoing savings per vehicle. This will become even more compelling as the purchase prices continue to drop to be on par with fuel vehicles. Using New Zealand-based electricity (or self sufficient solar) also offers better energy security and distances us from price shocks and the global politics of fossil fuel production. 14 See Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 24

26 A1.4 Wellington Regional Context Transport is the largest source of GHG emissions in the Wellington region at 39%. 15 This places emphasis on electrifying vehicles (and continuing the existing push for public transport, cycling, and walking, as they also lower the use of fuel vehicles). The particulate matter emitted by petrol and especially diesel vehicles can impact air quality. Fully electric vehicles have no air quality impact and reduce noise, improving the health of people and the enjoyment of living in our region Wellington Region CO 2 e Emissions. Transport emissions are burgundy Regional scorecard: Lowest vehicle ownership per capita (particularly inner suburbs of Wellington city) Highest national per capita utilisation of public transport and active transport. Highest national income level (and therefore most able to afford electric vehicles?) Strategic importance of central government agency decision makers here Inner city has lowest level of offstreet parking (an obstacle for recharging to take place at homes) Most Wellingtonians have never seen or driven an electric vehicle Only 200 of the region s 250,000 vehicles are electric. (Nationally 2000 of 3 million are electric) (Oct 2016) 16 Public charging infrastructure in Wellington is in very early levels of coverage and capacity 15 gw.govt.nz/assets/climate-change/communtityghginventorywlgtncityregion2016.pdf 16 transport.govt.nz/research/newzealandvehiclefleetstatistics/ Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 25

27 Appendix 2: Notes re appropriately locating charging stations A2.1 Distribution Home is where most recharging occurs, as overnight, cheap, very slow charging (5-10 hours) is convenient. Residential street chargers are needed for home owners without garages (not available in NZ but is in UK) Urban city street chargers build profile and gives cars a charge while their drivers park and do errands. Carparking buildings and malls can offer slow to medium charging given long dwell time (1-3-8 hours) Short stay retail (e.g. supermarkets) offer fantastic profile but demand quicker recharge given 30m-2hr stay. Outdoor Destinations (Zoo, Parks) are offer good alignment with conservation values, healthy living. Purpose-built fast charge stations are used rarely (given all the above alternatives) but are extremely important for road trips or when desperate for a fast top-up. Petrol stations currently do not provide useful activities for the minute recharge wait times, so fast chargers are better suited to village centers, supermarkets, etc, and should have playgrounds or toilets near. Consumers typically pay a premium for the convenience of fast charging, partially due to high cost of the equipment ($40,000+). Fleet carparks can contain both overnight slow chargers plus a few fast chargers to reduce charging downtime. Hotels, Campgrounds: slow overnight, attract EV owners on holidays. Reduces demand on public fast chargers. Currently, fast equipment operates at 50,000 to 135,000 watts and slow equipment at 1800 to 22,000 watts. Wellington Region Electric Vehicle Working Group: Coordination Update #02 pg. 26