Renewable Energy Implementation, Challenges and Solutions

Transcription

1 Renewable Energy Implementation, Challenges and Solutions Kenneth A. Donohoo, P.E. Director, System Planning Distribution and Transmission Oncor Electric Delivery Company LLC Center for the Commercialization of Electric Technologies Deployment of Large-Scale Renewable Resources in ERCOT Friday, December 10, 2010 Austin, Texas

2 ONCOR SYSTEM Wires Only Company formerly known as TXU Electric Delivery (DPL, TESCO & TPL) Largest transmission and distribution system operator in Texas More than 6,200 Transmission Circuit Breakers More than 970 Stations More than 1,550 Power Transformers More than 170 Autotransformers More than 15,127 miles of Transmission: 5,173 circuit miles of 345 kv 7,010 circuit miles of 138 kv 2,946 circuit miles of 69 kv More than 102,000 miles of distribution lines Delivers power to approximately 3 million homes and businesses Employs 3,400 people Keeps the lights on for more than 7 million Texans 12/10/2010 2

3 ERCOT SYSTEM SUMMARY Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) manages the flow of electric power to 22 million Texas customers 85 percent of the state's electric load and 75 percent of the Texas land area 2010 Peak Demand 65,776 MW 2009 Energy 308,277,759 MWh Schedules power on an electric grid that connects 40,000 miles of transmission lines and more than 550 generation units Manages financial settlement for the competitive wholesale bulk-power market and administers customer switching for 6.5 million Texans in competitive choice areas 12/10/2010 3

4 Our Market Competitive ERCOT market since 2002 Nodal Market Go-Live December 1, 2010 New Peak demand in 2010, 2.7% increase Regulated Transmission and Distribution 12/10/2010 4

5 CREZ TIMELINES CONCEPTUAL PLANNING IMPLEMENTING REALITY Interim Order CREZ Designations (Aug 2007) Where are the good wind zones in Texas Transmission Optimization Study Complete - ERCOT (April 2, 2008) What needs to be built to meet PUC scenarios CREZ Transmission Plan Approved PUC (July, 2008) How much transmission will be built Designate/Qualify TSPs PUC (2 nd 4 th Qtr 2008) Which TSPs will build Line Routing & Preparation Priority s Filed Getting projects completed PUC Approves s All Other s Filed CREZ Reactive Study ROW Acquisition, Procurement, & Project Construction /10/2010 5

6 18,456 MW Scenario 2 Plan 345 kv : Default : Priority 12/10/2010 6

7 Texas Leading Nation In Renewable Energy Over 9,000 MW of renewable generation in operation Greater than 20% penetration levels achieved at lower load levels Significant swings in actual operations Renewable Portfolio Standard in effect (1997 & 2005 sessions) 2015 standard already surpassed (5,880 MW) Will exceed 2025 objective (10,000 MW) within the next few years Building transmission to support another 9,000 MW (CREZ) $5 billion transmission expansion Completion expected 2013 Oncor leading the way on regulatory approval and construction New Transmission Service Providers Cross Texas, ETT, Lone Star, WETT ERCOT, new and existing TSP s working very well together 12/10/2010 7

8 CREZ Applications to Date TSP Project (Docket No. if filed) Filing Date Deadline Status Cross Texas Gray to Tesla (37956) 5/3/10 10/29/10 Approved ETT Silverton to Tesla (38435) 7/28/10 1/24/11 Pending Gray to White Deer (38650) 9/29/10 3/28/11 Clear Crossing to Dermott (37951) 5/3/10 10/30/10 Approved Tesla to Riley (38494) 8/18/10 2/15/11 Pending Riley-Edith Clarke-Cottonwood (38562) Tesla-Edith Clarke-Clear Crossing-West Shackelford (38743) 9/8/10 3/8/11 Pending 10/20/10 4/19/11 12/10/2010 8

9 CREZ Applications to Date TSP LCRA TSC Lone Star Project (Docket No. if filed) Tippet to North McCamey (36686) Twin Buttes to McCamey D (Big Hill) (37778) Filing Date Deadline Status 2/27/09 8/27/09 Approved 1/15/10 7/15/10 Approved Gillespie to Newton (37448) 10/28/09 4/28/10 Project Replaced McCamey D (Big Hill) to Kendall to Gillespie (38354) Central A to West Shackelford to Sam Switch /Navarro (38230) 7/28/10 1/28/11 Pending 5/24/10 11/19/10 Approved 12/10/2010 9

10 CREZ Applications to Date TSP Oncor Project (Docket No. if filed) Bowman Jacksboro (37015) Jacksboro-Willow Creek Parker (37119) Dermott Scurry County Tonkawas (37409) Tonkawas Sweetwater Central (37407) Filing Date Deadline Status 5/29/09 11/29/09 Approved 6/30/09 12/30/09 Approved 9/16/09 3/16/10 Approved 9/16/09 3/16/10 Approved Bowman Riley (37408) 9/16/09 3/16/10 Approved Brown Newton (37464) 10/7/09 4/7/10 Approved Newton-Killeen (37463) 10/7/09 4/7/10 Approved Central Bluff Bluff Creek (37529) Bluff Creek Brown (37530) 10/28/09 4/28/10 Approved 10/28/09 4/28/10 Approved 12/10/

11 CREZ Applications to Date TSP Project (Docket No. if filed) Filing Date Deadline Status Oncor Riley to West Krum (38140) 5/3/10 11/3/10 Approved Willow Creek to Hicks (38324) 6/16/10 12/16/10 Pending Sharyland Clear Crossing to Willow Creek (38517) 8/18/10 2/18/11 Pending West Krum to Anna (38596) 9/8/10 3/8/11 Pending West B to Moss (38677) 9/29/10 3/29/11 Hereford to White Deer (38290) Silverton to Cottonwood (38560) Hereford Nazareth-Silverton (38750) 6/16/10 12/16/10 Pending 9/8/10 3/8/11 Pending 10/20/10 4/20/11 White Deer to Silverton 11/10/10 5/10/11 12/10/

12 CREZ Applications to Date TSP STEC STEC (for Garland) WETT Project (Docket No. if filed) Bakersfield to Big Hill (38648) Odessa North McCamey Bakersfield Cottonwood to Dermott (38295) Scurry County South Long Draw Grelton Odessa (38484) Long Draw Sand Bluff Divide; Bearkat Sand Bluff Filing Date Deadline 9/29/10 3/29/11 3/18/11 9/18/11 Status 6/16/10 12/16/10 Approved 8/18/10 2/18/11 Pending 11/10/10 5/10/11 12/10/

13 Ongoing Grid Integration Activities System Planning Issues Completed or In Progress Voltage Ride-Through Requirement CREZ Reactive Study Sub Synchronous Resonance Future Issues Ancillary Services necessary for CREZ-level wind capacity WGRs with multiple POIs 12/10/

14 Ongoing Grid Integration Activities System Operations Issues Completed or In Progress Ramp Rate limits Reactive Power capability Voltage Ride-Through, voltage management practices WGR scheduling practices, Resource Plan updates Future Issues Forecasting, forecasting, forecasting Emerging Technologies participation in Ancillary Services 12/10/

15 ERCOT Peak Summer Week Generation by Fuel Type (actual) July 12-18, 2009 Nuclear Coal CombCycle GasSteam PrivateGas GasTurbine Wind Other 80,000 Sunday 07/12/09 Monday 07/13/09 Tuesday 07/14/09 Wednesday 07/15/09 Thursday 07/16/09 Friday 07/17/09 Saturday 07/18/09 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, /10/

16 ERCOT 2013 High Wind Week Generation by Fuel Type (projected) Nuke Coal Combined Cycle Gas Steam Private Gas Turbine Wind Other 50,000 45,000 Monday 03/11/13 Tuesday 03/12/13 Wednesday 03/13/13 Thursday 03/14/13 Friday 03/15/13 Saturday 03/16/13 Sunday 03/17/13 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, /10/

17 ERCOT CREZ Reactive Study Summary Reactive static and dynamic devices are needed to transmit energy from West Texas to maintain appropriate voltage control under normal and contingency conditions Three major work areas Shunt capacitors & reactors location, size and response capability Specifications of series capacitor line compensation Evaluate sub-synchronous interactions Study conducted by ABB, Inc. along with CREZ TSPs and ERCOT Study is the first of its kind and includes qualifications about the planning assumptions and translation to actual operations Actual real world operations will be dissimilar from the study These represent minimum required reactive equipment Reactive equipment needed as new lines come into service 12/10/

18 ERCOT CREZ Reactive Study Summary IDENTIFIED ISSUES Shunt device switching is greater than current operations Increase in O&M and possible forced outages of facilities Problematic wind farm dynamic stability analysis models Analysis software limitations and outdated Low System Strength (Short Circuit Ratio SCR) Fundamental-frequency source impedance Low fault duty/short circuit capability Wind turbine operational issues Physical ambiguity May result in voltage and power oscillations Solution is more facilities Additional transmission lines Synchronous condenser Additional series capacitor compensation Traditional or wind synchronous generation 12/10/

19 ERCOT CREZ Reactive Study Summary IDENTIFIED ISSUES Sub-synchronous interactions Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) Oscillatory responses at frequencies below 60 Hz Sub-Synchronous Control Interactions (SSCI) Wind turbines Control instability due to interactions with series capacitor compensated lines HVDC interaction possible Sub-Synchronous Torsional Interactions (SSTI) Thermal generators Significant damage to generator shaft Potential destabilization by control operation of active devices (SVC, STATCOM, DC etc ) Solutions Problem occurs most when generator is radial with series compensation System Protection Operational Clearance Procedures Modify Interconnection Procedures and Allowed Turbine Types 12/10/

20 Static Var Compensators (SVC) (Voltage Reservoir) Oncor Current Installations Home to the largest and fastest in the world Dynamic Reactive Device with 20 ms response time 2009 Parkdale Two +300 to -265 Mvar units (+600, -530 Mvar Total) Application won Texas Environmental Excellence Award (TCEQ) 2010 Renner Two +300 to -265 Mvar units (+600, -530 Mvar Total) SVC is a robust, advanced technology used to provide high speed grid voltage control Enables renewable energy transfers to load centers Prevents widespread load outages (blackout) Voltage support must be supplied quickly and locally Replaces capability previously supplied by local generation Reduces need for local generation Need increases as more local generation reduces operation, mothball or retirement and generation is added outside of load centers Need compounded by continuing load growth within load centers Future Installations CREZ Related Brown and Parker in 2013 Study for more in DFW 12/10/

21 Questions? ERCOT Reactive Study Link: PUCT CREZ Transmission Program Information Center CREZ Monitor Quarterly Reports (details on construction, cost and in-service dates) 12/10/