Grade 11 Physical Science. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS - Sutherland High School-

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1 Grade 11 Physical Science ELECTRIC CIRCUITS - Sutherland High School-

2 What you should know already CURRENT ELECTRICITY Moving charge carried by moving electrons in a wire. CIRCUITS 1 3 Components of a circuit Conducting wire Switch Resistors Cell Light bulb Ammeter Voltmeter A path in which charges continually move through a complete loop, returning to their original position and cycling through again. Closed 2 4 CONNECTIONS Series Parallel Open TB. Pg. 265

3 Electricity Equations LOREM IPSUM Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. LOREM IPSUM Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. TB. Pg

4 Electricity Equations TB. Pg. 267

5 CURRENT IS FLOWING is called terminal potential difference. TB. Pg. 267 The difference between EMF and potential difference The voltage measured across the terminals of a battery when NO CURRENT is flowing through the battery is called EMF. The total amount of energy that a battery can supply. The voltage measured across the terminals of a battery when

6 OHM S LAW RESISTANCE The potential difference over a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor, provided the temperature of the resistor remains constant. TB. Pg. 268

7 Resistors in series TB. Pg. 273

8 Resistors in parallel TB. Pg. 274

9

10 TB. Pg. 275 example series? parallel?

11 HOMEWORK EXERCISE 19 TB pg

12 Power Pg. 280 Power is the rate of electrical energy conversion in a circuit. Power is the rate at which energy is provided. P = VI P = I 2 R P = E t W= E P = V2 R Energy conversion - Joules

13 A light bulb is marked 220V. 60W. This means that when the light bulb is connected to a 220V power supply, it radiates 60J of energy every second in the form of light and heat.

14 Divide and conquer You will need a: stukkie papier potlood sakrekenaar

15 power P = I 2 R P = VI P = V2 R R = V I

16 In a series circuit: The greater the resistance, the greater the power. P R In a parallel circuit, the greater the resistance, the smaller the power. P 1 R

17 Brightness of lightbulbs is actually dependant on the power output (voltage x current). Not just resistance, current or voltage. New discovery!

18 HOMEWORK EXERCISE 20

19 Cost calculations Power is the rate at which energy is transferred. Power is measured in watts. 1Watt = 1Joule per second. Energy transfer = power time kilowatt hour

20 Cost calculations It costs Eskom money to provide electrical energy (and to pay for bonuses and exaggerated salaries). This is why electricity is sold. An electric meter measures the energy usage. Consumers pay for energy usage not power or current. The consumer pays for the number of kilowatts used and the time over which it has been used. Energy transfer = power time

21 Power devices Devices are appliances in the house that need electricity to work. The longer a device is switched on, the more electricity it will use.

22 Example 1: Electricity is sold at 61c per kwh. A geyser uses 2 500W per hour and is switched on for 12 hours. Calculate the cost of the electrical energy that the geyser used in that time. cost of energy use = kw h cost = = 1830c 100 = R18.30

23 Saving electricity Switch off geysers during the day. Switch off devices at wall sockets. Switch off lights when you leave a room. Use fluorescent lights instead of normal light bulbs etc.

24 HOMEWORK EXERCISE 21

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