Electricity Unit Review

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1 Science 9 Electricity Unit Review Name: General Definitions: Neutral Object Charge Separation Electrical Discharge Electric Current Amperes (amps) Voltage (volts) Voltmeter Ammeters Galvanometer Multimeter Fuse Circuit Breaker Dry Cell Battery Wet Cell Battery Electrolyte Electrode Superconductors Resistor Resistance ohms Rheostat Voltage Drop

2 Direct Current (DC) Alternating Current (AC) Section #1 Electrical Energy can be Transferred & Stored. 1. What is static electricity? Give an example. 2. The Laws of Electrical Charges Diagram a Van DeGraaf Generator and explain what it does. 4. A circuit needs these to be complete What are the dangers of and how do you avoid a lightning strike? 6. Diagram and label the following types of batteries from page 288 and 289. alkaline dry cell battery (fig. 1.20) simple wet cell (fig. 1.21) * indicate which is the + and - terminal * indicate which electrode is + and -

3 7. Describe in point form how the two types of batteries basically work. 8. a) What is electrolysis and give an example? b) What is electrochemistry? 9. What is the purpose of electroplating? 10. What is the difference between a primary cell and a rechargeable cell? 11. In your own words describe how a rechargeable cell works. 12. Label the parts of the atom below Lightning is a dangerous discharge of electrons that build up due to the friction between air and water molecules in a cloud. Is this discharge current electricity or static electricity? Why?

4 14. Describe how a static charge might build up as you walk across a carpet. 15. In your own words what is a conductor and an insulator? Section #2 Technologies can be Used to Transfer and Control Electrical Energy 1. Neon signs use what, instead if wires, as a conductor to complete the circuit? what gives the color to neon signs 2. In the boxes below diagram in the various types of movements of protons and electrons. an insulator a conductor with no voltage conductor with voltage (p. 298) 3. Consider the following three charged objects. Objects A and B are fixed in position, but object C is free to move. a) Will object C move? Explain your answer.

5 b) If you think object C will move, use an arrow to show its path of movement. Explain why you think object C would take the path you have indicated. 4. Fill in the table below on Ohm s Law then use the equations to calculate the following problems. Quantity Symbol Unit Equation for Ohm s Law Measurement Voltage V volts (V) voltmeter Current l amps (A) ammeter Resistance R ohms (Ω) ohmmeter a) A 30-V battery creates a current through a 15 Ω resistor. How much current is created? b) A motor has a resistance of 40 Ω. The motor has a current of 4 A. What is the voltage? c) A current of 625 A runs through a bulb connected to 120 V. What is the resistance? 5. Fill in the triangle to use a guide for Ohm s Law and the equations on Resistance, Current & Voltage. 6. Write in if resistance is increased or decreased in the following situation? a) the filament is: 20 cm long 40 cm long b) the filament is: at 20o C 65 oc c) the filament is: 2 mm thick 8.5 mm thick 7. From page 312 in your book, draw in the symbol of the following and the description. Symbol Represents Description conductor cell battery lamp

6 resistor switch ammeter voltmeter rheostat motor fuse 8. Diagram the following. a) two 2 cell batteries, 3 bulbs, 1 rheostat, 1 switch and an ammeter in a series circuit. b) a parallel circuit with a 3 cell battery, two bulbs with a switch to control each, a motor that will always run and a switch that can control all 3 loads. 9. What is the difference between a cell and a battery? 10. How does resistance change as you add bulbs to a series circuit? To parallel circuit? 11. What happens to all the bulbs in a series circuit when one bulb goes out? Why? 12. What happens to all the bulbs in a parallel circuit when one bulb goes out? Why? 13. Is the wiring in your home likely to be in a series or parallel circuit?

7 14. Why are motors, lamps, and other resistors considered to be loads in electrical circuits? Section #3 Devices & Systems Convert Energy with Varying Efficiencies 1. Energy is described as. 2. Forms of Energy. Complete the following from p.319 on the forms of energy. Energy Form Chemical Energy Description Electrical Energy Mechanical Energy Thermal Energy 3. Write in what the following devices convert the initial energy into. Input Energy Device Output Energy electrical toaster chemical flashlight electrical blender chemical battery clock 4. What type of energy conversions take place in each of the following devices? electric kettle battery operated car electric blanket = = = 5. What is the function of a thermal couple? Give an example of a thermal couple at work?

8 6. What type of devices act opposite of a thermal couple? (p. 323) 7. What was Michael Faraday s contribution to science? 8. From the diagram of the motor below answer the following: a) Where does the power enter into the motor b) Which part of the motor can you attach items to be used for mechanical energy c) What would happen if the commutator was not a split ring d) What would happen if you replace the permanent magnets with more powerful ones 9. a) What is the definition of power? b) What is the unit for power? 5. Fill in the triangle to use a guide for the equations to determine Power, Current & Voltage. Equation for Power is: Equation for Current is: Equation for Voltage is:

9 a) A computer is plugged into 120 V outlet draws 3.0 A of current. How much power is being used? b) A T.V. is plugged into a 120 V outlet and uses 200 watts of power. How much current is being used by the T.V.? 6. What is the equation to determine the amount of Energy (in kilowatt hour) is being used? (p. 333) a) A microwave oven has a power rating of 800 W. If you cook a roast in this oven for 30 minutes, how many joules of electrical energy is used? b). A laser can fire for 10 s with a power of up to W. What is the energy this laser woud use? c) How many kilowatt hours are used when a T.V. which has a power rating of 500 W is left on for three days? 7. Understanding Efficiency. Complete the following equation showing % Efficiency. % Efficiency = x 100% From page. 336, explain what happens to most of the energy transformed by a light bulb?

10 a) Which device from page 336 Skill Practice is the most efficient device? Show your work below. b) What is the efficiency of a device which uses 678 Joules of electrical energy to produce 400 Joules of light energy? 8. What can be done to increase efficiency of appliances? (p. 342) Section 4 Electrical Sources and Alternatives 1. Name and explain four alternatives to burning fossil fuels for steam powered generators. (p. 345) a) b) c) d)

11 2. What are three alternative natural sources of energy that can be used for power? Do they have any negative environmental effects? a) b) c) 3. Define the following: a) fly ash b) sustainability 4. Do nuclear power planets produce byproducts? Are they harmful?

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