INTERACTIVE SCIENCE 2A

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1 INTERACTIVE SCIENCE 2A Workbook Solutions (Enrichment Edition) Chapter 8 MAKING USE OF ELECTRICITY Part A Sectional Exercise 8.1 & 8.2 Concept checking p False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True Questions p (a) will not do not form (b) will not do not form a closed circuit (c) will the bulb, the dry cells and the wires form a closed circuit (d) will the bulb, the dry cells and the wires form a closed circuit (e) will not no electricity supply 2. (a) (i) C (ii) C (iii) I (iv) I (b) (i) C (ii) C (iii) I (iv) I 3. Substance Electrical conductor Electrical insulator (a) Glass (b) Iron nail (c) Wood (d) Mercury (e) Plastic (f) Paper (g) Stone (h) Silver 4. No. In fact, the tram, the wire, the copper rail and the power supply form a closed circuit. 8.1

2 When the positive and negative terminals of the power supply are connected to the wire and the copper rail respectively, electricity flows through the wire to the tram and leaves the tram through the copper rail. (or other reasonable answers) 8.3 & 8.4 Fill in the blanks p (a) ampere (b) volt 2. free electrons (a) dry cell (b) wire (c) free electrons 5. (a) ammeter (b) voltmeter 6. battery 7. larger Questions p (a) (b) Connect one more dry cell to the circuit. The two dry cells should be connected together with their positive poles pointing to the same direction. (or other reasonable answers) (c) (or other reasonable answers) (d) The reading of the ammeter connected in the circuit in (c) is higher. This is because the voltage supplied by two dry cells is higher than that supplied by only one dry 8.2

3 2. (a) cell, so the electric current flowing through that circuit is larger. (or other reasonable answers) (b) The reading of the voltmeter is 1.5 V. (c) (d) The reading of the voltmeter is 3 V. (e) The bulb in (c) in brighter. 8.5 Multiple choice p C 2. D 3. C 4. A Fill in the blanks p ohm 2. smaller 3. higher 4. higher 5. rheostat Questions p Measure the resistance of the bulb with the multimeter. If the measured resistance is infinitely large, the filament is broken. 2. (a) 8.3

4 (electric current can be opposite to that shown above) (b) Turn the rotating contact in anti-clockwise direction. (c) Terminals B and C (d) Turn the rotating contact in clockwise direction. (e) Dimmers in a lighting system or volume controls on hi-fi systems (or other reasonable answers) 8.6 Multiple choice p B 2. C 3. C Questions p (a) Dry cell (b) Battery (c) Bulb (d) Ammeter (e) Voltmeter (f) Resistor (g) Rheostat (h) Switch 2. (a) (b) 8.4

5 (c) (d) (e) 8.7 Concept checking p True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False 6. True Multiple choice p A 2. A 3. B 4. B Questions p (a) series 8.5

6 (b) series (c) parallel (d) series (e) parallel (f) parallel (g) series 2. (a) (or other reasonable answers) (b) Dry cells, switch, resistor, rheostat and ammeter (c) Voltmeter and resistor (d) Move the sliding contact towards Q. (Answer depends on how the wires are connected in (a).) (e) Connect one more dry cell to the circuit. The two dry cells should be connected with their positive poles pointing to the same direction./replace the resistor with another one with a lower resistance. (or other reasonable answers) 8.8 Concept checking p True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True 6. False Multiple choice p B 2. C 3. D 4. B Questions p (a) fuse rating (b) glass casing 8.6

7 (c) metal contact cap (d) fuse wire 2. (a) A fuse is used to prevent too large an electric current from flowing through the circuit. (b) The fuse and the electrical appliance should be connected in series. (c) (d) The melting point of the metal wire should be low. (e) It is the fuse rating. It means that the maximum current that can flow through the fuse without melting the metal wire inside the fuse is 3 A. 8.9 Multiple choice p C 2. B 3. B 4. C Fill in the blanks p V 2. earth 3. (a) ground (b) earthing 4. ring circuit 5. overloading Questions p (a) live wire (fill in brown) (b) neutral wire (fill in blue) (c) earth wire (fill in green and yellow) (d) fuse 2. (a) neural socket (b) earth socket (c) live socket 3. The reading of the ammeter will increase and the bulb will glow brighter. This is because the total resistance of the circuit decreases as the resistor is shorted by closing the switch Concept checking p True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True Questions p (a) The numerical markings 40 W and 60 W indicate the power of the bulbs. The marking 220 V indicates the voltage at which the bulbs should work. (b) Electric current flowing through bulb A = 40 W / 220 V = 0.18 A Electric current flowing through bulb B = 60 W / 220 V = 0.27 A 8.7

8 2. 5 A 220 V = 1100 W 3. (a) (i) Electric current = 500 W / 200 V = 2.5 A (ii) Electric current = 1000 W / 200 V = 5 A (b) Resistor A has a higher resistance as it allows a smaller current to flow through it Concept checking p False 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. True Questions p (a) Cost per kw h = $ / 802 = $0.88 (b) Amount being saved = kw 120 h $0.88 = $ (c) In normal use, the air conditioners do not always operate at their maximum power (i.e W). When the room temperature is low enough, the cooling operation of the air conditioners will stop and so the energy consumed per second (i.e. power) will be much lower. Therefore, the amount of electricity consumed by the air conditioners is smaller than the expected value. The actual amount being saved is thus less than the calculated value. (or other reasonable answers) 2. (a) Money being saved = 800 ( kw) 16 h $0.9 = $345.6 (b) In ordinary filament bulbs, a large amount of electrical energy is changed to heat energy and lost to the surroundings. On the other hand, in energy-saving fluorescent bulbs, most electrical energy is changed to light energy Concept checking p False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True Questions p Electrical appliances that work on the principle of the heating effect of an electric current Electrical appliances that work on the principle of the magnetic effect of an electric current A, E, F, I A, B, C, D, G, H 2. (a) There is metal coil inside the crane. When an electric current flows through the coil,a magnetic effect is produced. The metal coil acts as a magnet to attract the iron parts of the dumped cars. (b) No. This is because plastic cannot be attracted by the current-carrying metal coil. (c) The crane can be used to separate iron waste from household rubbish. The 8.8

9 current-carrying metal coil has magnetic effect. It can attract objects made of iron or other magnetic substances from the household rubbish. This helps to separate these objects from other rubbish for recycling. (or other reasonable answers) Part B Integrated Exercise Concept checking p False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. True 7. False 8. False 9. True 10. True 11. False 12. False Multiple choice p B 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A Questions p (a) The rheostat is connected wrongly. 8.9

10 (b) (c) The reading of the ammeter decreases. 2. (a) (b) Green and yellow: earth wire Brown: live wire Blue: neutral wire (c) No. The earth wire is a safety device which protects people from getting an electric shock. If there is a fault in the cooker (with the earth wire connected) and the electric current leaks to the metal case, the leaked electric current will flow through the earth wire to the ground. If the earth wire is not connected, the person who touches the metal case of the cooker will get an electric shock. (d) When the cooker is switched on, the electric current flowing through the cooker is greater than 3 A. The 3 A fuse will melt and an open circuit is formed. Therefore, the cooker does not work. 8.10

11 3. (a) Money being saved = ( ) kw 500 h $0.9 = $13.05 (b) Amount of electrical energy = 1.5 kw 0.5 h = 0.75 kw h (c) Electric current = (50% W) / 50,000 V = 2 A 4. (a) Electric current = 2 W / 5 V = 0.4 A (b) If one of the bulbs burns out, all the other bulbs will not light up. (c) A fuse should be connected in series with the set of Christmas tree lights. (d) If the filament of a bulb burns out, the electric current can flow through that bulb via the shunt wire, even that bulb does not light up. The circuit is still closed and therefore the rest of the bulbs can light up. 5. (a) They are connected in parallel. (b) (c) Total current = 100 W / 220 V W / 220 V = 0.45 A A = 7.27 A (d) (i) Total current = 7.27 A W / 220 V = 7.27 A A = A (ii) The fuse will melt and the circuit will be broken. All the three electrical appliances will stop working. (e) No. When he connects five types of electrical appliances with a low power to the extension unit, the electrical appliances can work properly at the same time if the total current drawn from the mains socket is smaller than 13 A. He can then use all the sockets in the extension unit at the same time. 6. (a) Electrical appliance Working current (A) Suitable fuse rating (A) Lamp Washing machine Air conditioner Refrigerator Television Electric rice cooker Electric water heater (b) Total unit of electricity used = (0.1 kw h kw 50 h kw h kw 1464 h kw 200 h kw 150 h kw 100 h) = kw h Total cost = (400 $0.86) + (600 $0.90) + (637.8 $1.00) = $ (c) (i) The air conditioner takes up the largest part of the cost of electricity. (ii) Use electric fans instead of air conditioners to reduce the cost of electricity. (or other reasonable answers) Part C Concept Diagram p electrical conductor 2. electrical insulator 8.11

12 3. closed circuit 4. open circuit 5. series circuit 6. parallel circuit 7. volt 8. voltmeter 9. ampere / milliampere 10. ammeter 11. ohm 12. resistor 13. rheostat 14. ring circuit 15. short circuit 16. overloading 17. kilowatt-hours 18. kilowatt-hour meter Part D Reading Comprehension p.72 (a) BS1363 and BS546 are the British Standard for domestic AC power plugs and sockets. (b) A thicker wire has a lower resistance and allows a larger current to flow through. (c) Cross-sectional area of each wire = 75 πr 2 = (0.075 mm) 2 = 1.33 mm 2 The maximum current that the wire can withstand is about 13 A. (d) Air conditioners, electric heaters and electric warmers are not suitable to use extension units. The electric current drawn by these electrical appliances may easily exceed 13 A, which will melt the fuse of the extension unit. (e) The longer the cable, the higher the resistance. This makes the heating effect more significant, increasing the chance of getting electrical fires. Part E Little Einstein s Corner p (a) Switch 1 Switch 2 Lamp (on/off) Open Open Off Open Closed On Closed Open On Closed Closed On (b) Switch 1 Switch 2 Lamp (on/off) at (A/B) at (A/B) A A On A B Off B A Off B B On (c) Mary s design is better because the lamp can be turned on and off by either switch. In John s design, when one switch is closed, he cannot use the other switch to turn off the lamp. 8.12

13 (d) 2. (a) (i) Resistance = 200 V / 0.4 A = 500 Ω (ii) Current = 220 V / 500 Ω = 0.44 A (iii) In (i), power = 200 V 0.4 A = 80.0 W In (ii), power = 220 V 0.44 A = 96.8 W (iv) The bulb applied with 220 V glows brighter because its power is higher. (b) Changing the mains voltage to 220 V can increase the power of the electrical appliances. 3. (a) Apply the formula: current = power / voltage. If the voltage is stepped up to a larger value, the current will get smaller. If the current flowing through the cables (of constant resistance) is smaller, the power loss in the cable will also be smaller. (b) This is because they only stand on one high-voltage cable which makes an open circuit. Therefore, no current flows through their bodies. (c) will the insulation of the child from the ground (e.g. Is the child wearing thick rubber shoes or leather shoes?) the voltage of the cable 8.13

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