Environmentally friendly LED street lamp. Introduction

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2 CONTENT Introduction Version & Model Mounting height & Distance between posts Photovoltaic (PV) underground battery cabinet Battery position pole vs. underground mounted How System works? Advantages Main Characteristics Benefits Regulations Features of underground battery cabinet Technical data 2

3 Environmentally friendly LED street lamp Introduction From 15 W to 120 W Cutting edge light performance Modularity Declared constant (not lower) illumination in case of LED fault Up to 90% energy savings Optimized heat dissipation Suitable for pathways as well as to illuminate very busy roads, parking lots, bicycle lanes, industrial buildings 3

4 LED street lamp in six different variants Version & Model NE S X-1 20W Illumination < 0.5 cd/m2 (road category ME5). NE S X-2 30W Illumination of 0.5 cd/m2 (road category ME5). NE S X-3 45W Illumination > 0.5 cd/m2 (road category ME5). NE S X-4 60 W Illumination of 0.75 cd/m2 (road category ME4). NE S X-5 90 W Illumination of 1.0 cd/m2 (road category ME4). NE S X W Illumination > 1.0 cd/m2 (road category ME3). Very suitable for higher levels of illumination. Recommended mounting height is from 7 to 10 meters. 4

5 4.0 m LED street lamp Mounting height & Distance between poles 9.0 m 18.0 m 9.0 m 9.0 m 18.0 m Side view Front view 5

6 5.0 m LED street lamp Mounting height & Distance between poles 11.5 m 23.0 m 11.5 m 23.0 m Side view Front view 6

7 6.0 m LED street lamp Mounting height & Distance between poles 14.0 m 28.0 m 14.0 m 28.0 m Side view Front view 7

8 7.0 m LED street lamp 16.0 m Mounting height & Distance between poles 32.0 m Side view Front view 8

9 LED street lamp and solar system SOLED Photovoltaic (PV) underground battery cabinet 9

10 LED street lamp and solar system SOLED Battery position pole vs. underground mounted Battery on top of pole: mm Feature: <5 m Mounting hight 5-7 m Crane, ladder Pole diameter Maintenance, service Short Battery lifetime Long Low Thief protection Underground mounted battery: mm Direct access Underground position + padlock Higher Price Reasonable Lower Efficiently Better 10

11 LED street lamp and solar system SOLED How System works? PERFORMANCE LED street lamps produce more light with 2 to 6 times less electricity than conventional lamps and have 10 to 50 times greater energy efficiency. SAFETY Low operating voltage eliminates the risk of electric shock. Low temperature inside the lamp eliminates the risk of fire and burns. LIFE CYCLE Lifetime of LED lamp can last on average a minimum of 60,000 hours, compared with a maximum of 100,000 hours for normal street lights. ENDURANCE Better resistance to shock, vibration and temperature. Switching response times are from 100 to 1,000 times faster than conventional street lights. Light of a LED street lamp is a no flicker light. 11

12 LED street lamp and solar system SOLED Advantages Batteries provide power for the operation of LED street lamp,which is controlled over the light switch (day/night). Sun as an energy source illuminates photovoltaic panels (PV), which change solar energy into electricity. Electricity (DC) is charging the batteries, through the regulator, which prevents overcharging and damage of the batteries. LED technology The main component of system is LED. 12

13 LED street lamp and solar system SOLED Main Characteristics Autonomy: NORMAL: up to 20 days/cloudiness or EXTREME: up to 40 days/cloudiness Pole height: 5m to 9m Capacity: Lead Acid batteries, cyclic, up to 720 h to complete discharge, maintenance-free Charging: Monocrystalline PV panel and intelligent charge controller System components protection rate: IP65 and hot galvanized treatment of exposed parts, a certificate of conformity and the standard EN Parking lots and industrial buildings with higher levels of illumination required. 13

14 LED street lamp and solar system SOLED Benefits Positive impact on the environment due to completely clean energy, with no pollution Quick and easy installation 20/30W up to 20/40 days of autonomy 45/55W up to 10/20 days of autonomy Without implementation of a large-scale construction System works despite public power supply failure Without UV in IR radiation Reduction of CO2 emissions Long life operation Night-off switcher and dimming function Adapted to very bad weather conditions 14

15 LED street lamp and solar system SOLED Regulations The basic version (without dimming) Dimming range from 1-100% with control signal 1-10V DC (additional line) Dimming range from 1-100% with Wi-Fi control signal Permanent presence of Wi-Fi signal LEDLAN (hotspot) 15

16 LED street lamp and solar system SOLED Features of underground battery cabinet Battery cabinet is equipped with safety lock > anti thief protection Underground application of battery: eliminates thermal shock boost performance! prolong battery lifetime up to 100 % Elegant and not under dimensioned pole, compared to pole mounted battery cabinet > static & economic advantage Easy and comfortable maintenance, regulation and service 16

17 LED street lamp Technical data Patameter NEOS X-2 NEOS X-4 NEOS X-5 NEOS X-6 POWER Input voltage V (AC) Frequency (Hz) Power consumption (W) < 90% Working temperature ( C) -40 to to to to +60 LIGHT SOURCE Luminance (lm) Color temperature ( K) Color rendering index (CRI) Lifespan (h) min min min min Luminosity at origin (lm/w)

18 LED street lamp Technical data TECHNICAL DATA OTHER Patameter NEOS X-2 NEOS X-4 NEOS X-5 NEOS X-6 Housing (material) Alloy - Al Alloy - Al Alloy - Al Alloy - Al Dimensions (mm) 560x300x60 560x300x60 560x300x60 560x300x60 Weight (kg) Color Gray/RAL Gray/RAL Gray/RAL Gray/RAL Mounting type (post 60) Universal Universal Universal Universal Recommended mounting height (m) >9 Manufacturer Kaij d.o.o. Kaij d.o.o. Kaij d.o.o. Kaij d.o.o. Declaration of conformity Protection rate IP66 IP66 IP66 IP66 Safety class Acquired certificates 2002/95/EC 2002/95/EC 2002/95/EC 2002/95/EC 18

19 Tomo Odar R&D +386(0)

20 Tomo Odar 1 September 2013

21 Overall Size Electronic Usage PROGRESSION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES TIME Use of electronic equipment has increased Overall size of the equipment has decreased Smaller more compact electronic devices have become more susceptible to over-voltage phenomenas 2

22 Indus try ECONOMICAL ASCPECT Average Cost/Hour Automotive Chemical Steel & Aluminum 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 U.S. Dollars (Million) Florida Power Study Facility downtime costs commercial and industrial plants nearly $26 billion a year in lost time, equipment repair and replacement 3

23 TYPES OF VOLTAGE DISTURBENCES Surge / Spike 88% The most common voltage disturbance is a surge or spike in voltage Less common types of disturbances are: Swell An increase in the power frequency AC voltage with durations from one half cycle to a few seconds Sw ell / Sag 11% Outages 1% Allen-Segal IBM Study Sag A rms reduction in the power frequency AC voltage with durations from one half cycle to a few seconds (also known as dip) 4

24 HARMFULL EFFECTS ON SPD The most common failures produced by transients and grid s faults: - Dissipative effects Associated with short duration repetitive energy level surges, resulting in long-term degradation of the SPD device - Destructive effects Associated with high level energy surges, resulting in immediate SPD failure - Fault currents / TOV Foult disributed from high voltage side; earth short circuits; loss of neutral conductor the outcome is large levels of current and increased voltage! 5

25 LPZ defined by protection measures against LEMP (IEC ) LPZ 0A Direct strikes, full lightning current, full magnetic field LPZ 0B No direct strikes, partial lightning or induced current. Full magnetic field LPZ 1 No direct strikes, partial lightning or induced current, damped magnetic field LPZ 2 No direct strikes, induced current, further damped magnetic field Protected volumes inside LPZ 1 and LPZ 2 must respect safety distances ds 6

26 SPD Surge Protective Device SPDs shall withstand the discharge current expected at their installation point. Instalation points used in an SPD system are: - MB - main distribution board at line entrance to LPZ 1 or boundary of LPZ 0a/1 or LPZ 0b/1 Class I SPD is used - SB - secondary distribution board or boundary of LPZ 1/2 and higher - Class II SPD is used - SA - socket outlet close to aparatures or terminal of apparaturs - Class III SPD is used 7

27 SPD REVOLUTION - SAFETEC TC-G Technology allows the SPD to handle the published surge current rating without being destructed, as well remove itself from the distribution system in the event of an internal failure or fault condition. 8

28 HOW SAFETEC TECHNOLOGY WORKS 1. NORMAL CONDITION TWO POSSIBLE REACTIONS 2. IN CASE OF LONG DURATION OVERVOLTAGES MOV GDT CURRENT LIMITER THERMAL DISCONNECTOR 9

29 TC-G TECHNOLOGY ACTIVATION - limts the Iscc. 10

30 Imax [ma] TC-G TECHNOLOGY ACTIVATION IN CASE OF TOV 2 TC-G Activation 1 3 TIME t(s) 11

31 BENEFITS Lowest protection level (Up) on the market Technology MOV Spark Gap Safetec TC-G Up level < 1,4 kv < 2,5 kv < 1,1 kv 12

32 BENEFITS 13

33 VARIOUS SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE TECHNOLOGIES SPD-s ON THE MARKET BASED ON SHORT CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY Protection in case of MOV failure 14

34 VARIOUS SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE TECHNOLOGIES - Over-current protection is used with SPDs to ensure that device is safely and promptly removed from the electrical distribution system. - Essential: proper coordination of the SPD s fault rating with that of the connected distribution panel! - IK can be very low due to high ZA ZA [IK=U/Z A] 390 V / 5 Ω = 78 A! 15

35 VARIOUS SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE TECHNOLOGIES - Over-current protection is used with SPDs to ensure that device is safely and promptly removed from the electrical distribution system. - Leakage free solution; ok, what about TOV immunity, Up? - Problem: Surge voltage & TOV appearance at the same time 16

36 CHARGE LIMITATION ON THEIR USE: MOV & SG MOV SG TIME 17

37 TERMS TO KNOW Key advantages of Safetec technology Up to 20 years warranty! 18

38 Tomo Odar R&D +386(0)

39 Tomo Odar May 2013

40 AFRICA`s HIGH PV POTENTIAL (COMPARISON TO EUROPE) Solar irradiation in Africa (2250 kwh/m 2 ) Solar irradiation in Germany (1000 kwh/m 2 ) - installed PV power in Germany till now: 32 GW - Installed PV power in Europe till now: 70 GW

41 MAIN PARTS OF PV POWER PLANT 1. PV MODULES Comparison of different types of PV modules

42 MAIN PARTS OF PV POWER PLANT 2. PV INVERTER 1. Transformerless inverters (most used) - smaller - lighter - higher efficiency: 98.2 % / 97.8 % 2. Inverters with transformer (mostly used in combination with thin-film modules) - heavy weight - lower efficiency: 96.2 % / 95.5 %

43 MAIN PARTS OF PV POWER PLANT 3. DC PROTECTION/COMBINER BOXES 1. Overcurrent protection 2. Overvoltage protection

44 MAIN PARTS OF PV POWER PLANT 4. AC PROTECTION/COMBINER BOXES 1. Overcurrent/overload protection 2. Overvoltage protection 3. Combining function to two/three phase system if P 1ph > 4,6 kw

45 MAIN PARTS OF PV POWER PLANT 5. MEASURING TERMINAL BOX 1. Power contactor 2. Electrical counter 3. MCBs 4. Overvoltage protection 5. Control / monitoring relay 6. Measuring contacts

46 MAIN PARTS OF PV POWER PLANT 6. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM PV and building protection 1. Isolated / nonisolated system 2. Passive / active system

47 Power quality Units need to be compliant with the protection requirements set forth in the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (2004/108/EC) and the Low Voltage Directive (2006/95/EC) The units are compliant with the following standards: 2006/95/EC Directive relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits Safety of the unit IEC :2010 IEC :2011 Interference immunity EN :2007 EN : /108/EC Directive relating to electromagnetic compatibility Emitted interference EN :2007 EN :2007 Secondary effects on the grid EN :2006 EN :2008

48 PV transformerless inverter topology

49 Types of PV applications 1. ON-GRID 1. PV power plants 2. PV power systems for self consumption 3. PV power systems with battery storage 2. OFF-GRID 4. Offgrid PV systems 5. Hybrid PV systems

50 1. PV power plants - all produced energy goes to the grid - all produced energy is going to sell on the market - payback time is about 7-9 years in Europe, depens on the subsidy rate

51 2. PV power systems for self consumption - Total self-consumption of PV power from 30 to max 40 percent

52 3. PV power systems with battery storage - Maximum rate of self-consumption of 70 percent

53 4. Offgrid PV systems

54 5. Hybrid PV systems 1. Bidirectional inverter is a grid and battery manager that controls the off-grid system. 2. Off-grid systems modular extended with up to 300 kw, can be quickly installed with Multiclusterboxes. 3. Usage of water/wind power plants. 4. Centalized system off-grid inverter, batteries for intermediate storage. 5. Usage of wind turbine system. 6. Hydro-electric power plants. 7. PV inverter converts direct current from PV to alternate current and feeds into the grid. 8. The PV modules produces electrical power DC current, 1000 V voltage. 9. Diesel generator secures the system through long periods of drought, calm wind and low irradiation.

55 Thank you for your attention. Tomo Odar

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