Can charging be made free? Introduction to the Nikola project

Transcription

1 Can charging be made free? Introduction to the Nikola project Nordic Smart Electric Transport conference Oslo, November 19 th -20 th 2015 Peter Bach Andersen, Researcher, Technical University Of Denmark

2 Challenges A change in how energy is produced and consumed Production Distributed Intermittent 2 The Nikola Project

3 Challenges A change in how energy is produced and consumed Year 2013 Danish wind power covered 33.2 % of the electricity consumption January 2014 Danish wind power covered 63.3 % of the electricity consumption December 21 th 2014 Danish wind power covered 102 % of the electricity consumption March 11 th 2014 only 9 MW wind power generated out of installed 4,900 MW but 480 MW out of 580 MW solar units supplied the grid 3 The Nikola Project

4 Challenges A change in how energy is produced and consumed Year 2020 Who will consume? Energy per hour in DK (MWh/h) Who will deliver fast? Who will produce? 0 Wind Power Demand 4 The Nikola Project

5 Challenges A change in how energy is produced and consumed Consumption Flexible Increase 5 The Nikola Project

6 The Electric Vehicle Data from ebox (Converted Toyota Scion) 8 6 Special properties: 1. Fast response time. 2. High-power load 3. Possibility of V2G support -4 Fast kw High-power V2G -6-8 Time (mm:ss) 6 The Nikola Project

7 The Electric Vehicle Data from Test-An-EV 8 6 Special properties: 1. Fast response time. kw High-power load Possibility of V2G support High degree of flexibility -6 Flexibility -8 Time (hh:mm) 7 The Nikola Project

8 The Electric Vehicle "...If this intelligence is not developed in the communication between power system and the new flexible demand, the socio-economic benefit of electric vehicle and heat pump integration will be reduced by approximately DKK 1.7 billion per year." Energinet.dk report Smart Grid i Danmark 8 The Nikola Project

9 Description: Nikola is a Danish research and demonstration project with a focus on the synergies between the electric vehicle and the power system. Goal: Realize the EVs potential in supporting a stable and economic power system based on renewables and thereby reducing costs of the energy consumer and electric vehicle owner. Timing: 2013 to 2016 Budget: 2 million Funding: ForskEl Partners: SEAS-NVE, EURISCO, NUVVE, DTU 9 The Nikola Project

10 Service definition The act of influencing the timing, rate and direction of the power and energy exchanged between the EV battery and the grid to yield benefits for user, system and society. 10 The Nikola Project

11 Structure and approach System-wide services Distribution grid services User added services Enabling technologies 11 The Nikola Project

12 Structure and approach Work package 1 Bjørn Christensen System-wide services Work package 2 Mattia Marinelli Distribution grid services User added services Work package 3 Peter Bach Andersen Enabling technologies Work package 4 Claus Amtrup 12 The Nikola Project

13 Nikola service catalog Systematically gather and list power and energy services relevant for electric vehicles. Frequency regulation Frequency regulation - very fast Secondary regulation Tertiary regulation Islanded microgrid and black start LV network balancing LV overvoltages management Synthetic inertia Adaptive charging MORE* * Mother of all regulation services MV-LV transformer and lines overloading LV congestions due to fast charging station Value proposition and economics? Technical feasibilty and standardization support? Market or regulatory challenges? Charging management Charging flexibility assessment Charging information Vehicle-to-X

14 The team

15 Infrastructure

16 Electric Vehicle Laboratory (EVLab) EVLab is a state-of-the-art research infrastructure supporting a wide array of electric vehicle studies. These studies covers the integration of electric vehicle in the power system as well as key enabling technologies inside the vehicle. 16

17 Power and energy services Frequency regulation First demonstration of series-produced EV delivering Frequency regulation using Vehicle-To-Grid. A close collaboration between Nissan, UD, NUVVE, Endesa and DTU

18 Power and energy services Frequency regulation

19 Power and energy services local grid services Syslab Large microgrid with renewable energy technologies and a novel distributed control system

20 Power and energy services local grid services

21 Power and energy services local grid services

22 Power and energy services local grid services

23 Power and energy services local grid services

24 Power and energy services V2X The electric vehicle can provide energy in places and situations where access to the general power system is not possible or practical. Grid Vehicle Home/Building Tools Mobile kitchen...

25 User services Nikola Interface The EVs qualities as a resource to the power system mean little, however, without the EV owner s ability and willingness to participate in such schemes. Learnings from other projects: ELVIIS, Victoria s smart grid, Test-An-EV 1. Economic and feel-good incentives. 2. Convinience and ease-of-use. 3. Transparency, information and sense of control What service-enabling functions should an interface implement to support the above requirements?

26 User services Nikola Interface

27 Def init ion Type Groups Name Short description Power & energy behavior Power and energy services Syst emwide services St akeholders & potential benefits Frequency regulation Keeps the frequency in an interval around 50 Hz Balancing*** Aggregator/EV Owner: Market earnings TSO: Larger, more competitive market Frequency regulation - very fast Frequency regulation with ramping times and precision that go beyond what traditional generators can provide Balancing*** Aggregator/EV Owner: Market earnings TSO: New/improved service Existing Danish Market /incent ive? Yes No Initial priority High High Secondary regulat ion Replaces f requency regulat ion and rest ores t he f requency to 50 Hz Balancing*** Aggregator/EV Owner: Market earnings TSO: Larger, more competitive market Yes High Tertiary regulation Replaces secondary regulat ion and fulfills a higher requirement to energy capacity and delivery timescale Balancing*** Aggregator/EV Owner: Market earnings TSO: Larger, more competitive market Yes Low Synthetic inertia Mimics rotational inertia by taking advantage of the fast chemical reaction of batteries Balancing*** Aggregator/EV Owner: Market earnings TSO: New/improved service No Low Adapt ive charging Delays or advances charging in t ime based on e.g. energy cost s or renewable cont ent s Adapt ive* Aggregat or/ev Owner: Energy cost or CO2 savings Yes High Dist ribut ion grid services MORE Mother of all regulation Islanded micro grid and black start Includes all the abovementioned traditional types of regulation in one - assuming a large f leet of EVs. Balancing*** Energy backup* * Adapt ive* Aggregator/EV Owner: Market earnings TSO: New/improved service + Larger, more competitive market Enables one or a set of EVs t o sust ain a small power syst em Energy backup* * EV ow ner: Securit y of supply. - Low LV network balancing Mit igat es unbalances between phases of LV network Balancing*** Aggregat or/ev Owner: Unknown DSO: New service No No Medium Medium LV overvoltage management Mit igat es overvolt age of LV f eeders Balancing*** Adapt ive* Aggregat or/ev Owner: Unknown DSO: New service No High MV-LV t ransformer and lines overloading Mit igat es overloading of transformers and cables of LV network Adapt ive* Aggregat or/ev Owner: Unknown DSO: New service No High LV congestion due to fast charging st at ions Manages EV f ast charging to keep within operational limits of LV network Adapt ive* Aggregat or/ev Owner: Unknown DSO: New service No Medium ICT Services User added services Charging management Charging f lexibilit y assessment Simplifies EV service participation for the EV owner by using historical data. Est imat es whether sufficient charging flexibility exists in order to participate in services. Aggregat or/ev Owner: Added simplicity for service participation Aggregat or/ev Ow ner: Knowledge on charging flexibility - High - High Charging inf ormat ion Present s t o t he EV user the information that is most relevant when controlling (dis)charging of the EV NA Aggregat or/ev Ow ner: Improved information service - Medium Vehicle to-x Enables t he EV t o supply elect ric energy to the EV user in places where access to the general electric grid is impossible or impractical EV Owner: New electric energy services - Medium Adaptive Charging* Energy Backup* * Balancing* * *

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29 REFUEL Regular Electric Electric (Smart) /MO /MO /MO

30 "All peoples everywhere should have free energy sources. Nikola tesla

31 Questions? More info: