Life Cycle Assessment of Jatropha Based Bioenergy

Transcription

1 Life Cycle Assessment of Jatropha Based Bioenergy Case-Studies in India Simon Gmünder, EMPA 36th LCA Discussion Forum, November 17th, EMPA Akademie Why Jatropha? Drought resistant Low nutrients/water demand Growing on poor soils Increasing soil quality No food competition! Wonderplant?

2 2 LCA Case Studies in India India a lot of wasteland (55 million ha / 33 million ha) 1) Rural electrification, hedge cultivation -> Rural development (x1000 villages unelectrified) 2) Jatropha Biodiesel, wasteland cultivation -> Transportation sector -> Interim Results Goals Is Jatropha based bioenergy really ecofriendly? Which processes bear the high environmental impacts? What is the GHG mitigation potential? Capacity building: Life Cycle thinking

3 Case1 Jatrophabased RuralElectrification Scope: Compared Systems Jatropha Cultivation Yield: 1kg seed/tree/a Landuse: neutral Economic Allocation (96% to oil) CO 2 : stochiometric Energy: Energy Content kwh E el

4 Scope: Compared Systems Jatropha Fossil Diesel FU kwh E el kwh E el Scope: Compared Systems Photovoltaic System: 4kW photovoltaic panel, multi-si 28 Pb-acid Batteries, tubular (12V,150Ah), recycling: cut-off! Inverter, el. Installation, transportation, Grid Connection: 95 % Hard Coal (Proxy China) 5% Hydropower (Proxy non alpine regions) Transmission Grid: high, medium, low voltage (Proxy China)

5 Impact Assessment GWP (IPCC) Ecoindicator 99 Elements after EN ISO EnvironmentalImpact Total Environmental Impact (Eco Indicator 99) 0.14 Diesel Jatropha 0.08 Grid Solar PV Gobal Warming Potential (kg CO2 eq.)

6 EnvironmentalImpact Jatropha Alternator 1 kwh Optimization: 1) Alternative Expeller (no wood) 2) Engine (100% Load) Engine Expeller 18 % 9 % 54 % Cultivation 14 % 23% 34% EnvironmentalImpact Total Environmental Impact (Eco Indicator 99) Solar PV Jatropha Jatropha Optimized Diesel optimized Diesel Grid Gobal Warming Potential (kg CO2 eq.)

7 Case2 JatrophaBiodiesel (interim results) Jatropha Biodiesel: Scope Cultivation: Parameter Yield Area Fertilizer Mineral Fertilizer (DAP) Organic fertilizer Irrigation Intensive Extensive Landuse: neutral Unit kg DJS per tree/year m2 per tree Kg per tree/year Kg per tree/year m3/ha/a times/a

8 Jatropha Biodiesel: Scope Economic Allocation (96% to oil) CO 2 : stochiometric Energy: Energy Content Person km Jatropha Biodiesel: Scope Proxy Soy Transestrification Process Economic Allocation (87% to JME) CO 2 : stochiometric Energy: Energy Content FU Person km

9 EnvironmentalImpact Jatropha, intensive cultivation Jatropha, extensive cultivation Sensitivity Analysis: Yield Landuse impact 0.5 kg 1.1 kg 2 kg Jatropha, extensive cultivation Jatropha, intensive cultivation

10 Limitations of studies Improve data on Jatropha cultivation yield, landuse impacts, emissions, toxicity Improvement of LCA tools wateruse impact, regionalization LCIA Integration of Socio-economic dimension crucial for decision making! Interpretation/Outlook Potential as sustainable Bioenergy Jatropha = Jatropha Tendency: Extensive > intensive Focus on local usage! 0.5% wasteland to electrify Ranidehra s

11 ! Thank you