Assessment of environmental and economic aspects of the integrated production of bioenergy and food (2011/ )

Transcription

1 Workshop BIOEN de Pesquisa Assessment of environmental and economic aspects of the integrated production of bioenergy and food (2011/ ) Joaquim E. A. Seabra Simone Pereira Souza Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica Departamento de Energia

2 Sugarcane ethanol Seabra et al. (2011)

3 Uncertainty analysis Seabra et al. (2011)

4 RFS2

5 CARB LUC: 46 g CO 2 e/mj

6 EU Directive Sugar cane ethanol Default GHG emissions (g CO2eq/MJ) Cultivation (e ec ) 14 Processing (e p e ee ) 1 Transport and distribution (e td ) 9 Total 24 Default GHG emission saving 71%

7 Biodiesel in Brazil Thousand m % 80% 60% 40% 20% Other Cottonseed Tallow Soybean 0%

8 Biodiesel in Brazil Biodiesel costs are not competitive with fossil diesel international costs. Social benefits are limited. Biodiesel is dependent on methanol (82% of the Brazilian plants use methanol for transesterification).

9 Biodiesel in Brazil Feedstock Fossil energy consumption (MJ/kg biodiesel) GHG emissions (g CO 2 eq/kg biodiesel) Soybean Castor Oil palm Tallow Source: Nogueira (2010)

10 Biodiesel in Brazil Source: Rathmann et al. (2011)

11 Integrated system Farelo Óleo Soja Óleo Cana Eletricidade Ethanol Electricity Bioetanol Glycerin Usina integrada Biodiesel

12

13 Objectives Evaluation of the economic and environmental (GHG, energy) performance of the integrated production of bioenergy and food through a sugarcane-soybean biorefinery concept, comparing it to the traditional Brazilian system for ethanol production. Specific objectives: Evaluate the energy balance and energy efficiency indicators. Estimate the potential for GHG emissions mitigation. Evaluate the biodiesel production cost and the profitability of the integrated system. Study the potentiality and limitations of the integrated system in the Brazilian Center-South region.

14 Schedule Activities Literature review Field research Energy balance evaluation GHG emissions evaluation Economic analysis Result analysis and review Final report Semester

15 Methodology Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique. Field-to-gate analysis. System boundaries include: Direct fuels and electricity consumption; Energy to produce chemical inputs. Additional emissions due to trash burning, utilization of fertilizers, limestone and above and below ground residues. Co-products: Electricity displacing NG thermoelectricity. Glycerin: mass-based allocation. Soy meal: Façon system.

16 Ethanol + Water Anhydrous Ethanol Utilities Combined plant Soybean oil (1.9 kg) (including oil from Façon) Biodiesel plant Biodiesel (2.25 L) Glycerin (0.23 kg) Sugarcane (1000 kg) Distillery Ethanol (81.2 L) Electricity (10.7 kwh)

17 Reference case Fossil energy use GHG emissions Cane transport 13% Ethanol production 3% Ethanol production Cane transport 10% 5% Cane cultivation 21% Agr. inputs 31% Cane cultivation 53% Agr. inputs 15% Trash burning 15% Soil emissions 34%

18 kj/mj Fossil energy use Reduction of 38 kj/mj Ethanol production Cane transport Agr. inputs Soil emissions Trash burning Cane cultivation Credits Total Reference Case Integrated System

19 g CO2eq/MJ GHG emissions Reduction of 2.8 g CO 2 eq/mj Ethanol production Cane transport Cane cultivation Trash burning Soil emissions Agr. inputs Credits Total -10 Reference Case Integrated System

20 Soybean productivity ( kg/ha) Area for soybean cultivation (17% - 8%) Additional oil from Façon ( kg/t grain) Fuel used at extraction plant (firewood - fuel oil) N application rate ( g/t cane) Soybean transportation distance ( km) kj/mj Soybean productivity ( kg/ha) Area for soybean cultivation (17% - 8%) Additional oil from Façon ( kg/t grain) Fuel used at extraction plant (firewood - fuel oil) N application rate ( g/t cane) Soybean transportation distance ( km) g CO 2 eq/mj

21 Main publications Oral presentation in international conference. One paper accepted for publication in Applied Energy. Two book chapters.

22 Thank you Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica Departamento de Energia