Welcome to the Dekati/ExIS/ Pegasor seminar Peter Ahlvik

Transcription

1 Welcome to the Dekati/ExIS/ Pegasor seminar Peter Ahlvik

2 ExIS AB Exhaust Instruments Scandinavia ExIS AB is a Swedish-based company that offers equipment for particle measurements and measurement and consultant services on the Scandinavian market Legislation and trends 2

3 Partners and network Instrument and equipment suppliers Control Sistem, Italy CVS (full, mini, micro), driving robot Dekati, Finland Particle instruments & dilution Ecomesure, France Distributor, PMP instrument Grimm Aerosol, Germany Particle instruments Matter Engineering, Switzerland Dilution and particle instruments Pegasor, Finland Pegasor Particle sensor (PPS) Topas, Germany Aerosol generators, filter testing Legislation and trends 3

4 Automotive legislation and market trends Peter Ahlvik

5 PM (mg/km) Overview of measurement technologies Legislative test methods R&D purpose PM PN CPC Σ NEDC Various principles Real-time PM, PN, Size distribution Volatile/solid Elemental composition PAH content etc Legislation and trends 5

6 Direct injection for otto engines Wall and air motion guided A/F prep. Late injection, stratified charge. Early injection, homogenous charge Spray controlled A/F prep. Late injection, stratified charge Legislation and trends 6

7 Particle mass emissions in the PMP test programme Euro 5: 4,5 mg Legislation and trends 7

8 Particle number emissions in the PMP test programme Euro 5-6: 6x Legislation and trends 8

9 HD Euro VI (Reg. (EC) No 595/2009) some open issues New driving cycles (WHTC, WHSC), April 2010 Technical Regulation (comitology) not ready OBD system to control real-world emiss. Tamper-free consumable reagent system NO 2 component of NO X (if applicable) Retrofitting issues (e.g. NO 2 of NO X ) PN limit (April 2010) and measurement methodology Off cycle emissions & PEMS Legislation and trends 9

10 Emission limit values for HD Euro VI Cycle and engine type Limit values (mg/kwh, ppm, #/kwh) CO THC NMHC CH 4 NO X NH 3 PM PN ESC (CI) 1, Set by ETC (CI) 4, April 2010 ETC (PI) 4, WHSC --- Set by April WHTC --- Set by April Legislation and trends 10

11 Particulate Measurement Programme PMP Peter Ahlvik

12 Particle number (PN) emission limits Mass limit not considered sufficient The Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) was initiated by EU to develop new measurement methods and set limits Solid particle total number limit was desired due to anticipated health effects Enforced gradually in Euro 5 & 6 limits in the timeframe (diesel first) Legislation and trends 12

13 Typical size distribution of exhaust aerosol 23 nm cutoff nuclei mode condensed Nuclei mode is highly variable with CVS sampling conditions accumulation mode Soot Coarse mode Source: Kittelson et al Legislation and trends 13

14 PMP sampling and dilution Dilution tunnel Venturi AC & HEPA PND2 cold Evaporation tube, 350ºC PND1 hot CPC VPR: Volatile Particle Remover Legislation and trends 14

15 PMP approach some intentions CVS tunnel preferred sampling point CVS sis well-know by industry and agencies Thermodenuder not preferred Losses would be too high Consumables (and risk of overloading) Thermodilution is the preferred solution! CPC preferred for number counting Highest sensitivity Early drafts: very detailed geometry requirements Legislation and trends 15

16 PMP outcome CVS, results o Losses in mini dilution systems lower than CVS o Micro dilution systems probably even better Thermodilution, results o Similar losses as a Thermodenuder w. RD (!!!) o High DR TD consumables would be low CPC still the only accepted option for counting o Needs very high DR due to low max. conc. o Alternatives cannot be used for homologation o Not suitable for on-board measurements (PEMS) Final: regulates function rather than geometry; recommendations have been included Legislation and trends 16

17 Particle penetration [%] Particle penetrations for various alternative PMP dilution systems 100% 95% 90% 85% P (30 nm) P (50 nm) P (100 nm) 95% 90% 88% 86% 83% 100% 98% 96% 80% 75% 70% 65% 71% 68% 65% 70% 71% 72% 60% 55% 50% 52% Competitor A Competitor B1 Competitor B2 EMPA homemade DEED Source: PMP ILCE_HD final report Legislation and trends 17

18 HD PMP test results on CVS and partial dilution background vs. engine PM Legislation and trends 18

19 Actual vs. real particle level Scematic impact of preconditioning (i.e. clean/dirty dilution tunnel) 300% 250% Clean tunnel Dirty tunnel 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% Time Legislation and trends 19

20 RS-PMP measurement system for automotive particle number meas. Based on proven components Substantial simplification Very low particle losses DR: 1:100 1:2 000 (1:10; 1:80 000) Pre-DPF sampling option Touch screen PC control with simple interface +AK protocol Successful tests at several sites Further developments Legislation and trends 22

21 Trends in PMP measurements PN with size distr. instr., e.g.: ELPI: exclude < 30 nm channel DMS500: numerical data treatment DMM-230A: calibration Simpler principles: Nanomet III: Diffusion battery Pegasor: PPS-M Key point is that no CPC is used PN for PEMS measurements to be developed Legislation and trends 24

22 Some bold statements about PMP for further discussion Automotive manufacturers will invest in PMP instruments in every test cell Automotive manufacturers will only need a few instruments for homologation and research Increasing focus on otto (petrol) engine PN Pre-DPF measurements will be of increasing importance (DPF loading, reg. strategy, dur ). More information is needed (size, mass, etc ) AVL & Horiba will claim 90% of PMP market New: PEMS applications will come! Legislation and trends 25

23 Portable Emission Measurement Systems PEMS Peter Ahlvik

24 Candidate portable instrument systems Adopted from JRC presentation AVL Micro Soot Sensor Control Sistem Micro-PSS Dekati ETaPS Dekati DMM Horiba OBS-TPRM Sensors PPMD (MPS+QCM) Legislation and trends 27

25 Phase 1 - preliminary results Adopted from JRC presentation Legislation and trends 28

26 PEMS approach by Control Sistem Starting from PSS-20 experience Control Sistem developed its portable version that can be used for on-road tests Legislation and trends 29

27 Standard PSS-20 vs Micro-PSS 1(2) Legislation and trends 30

28 Standard PSS-20 vs Micro PSS 2(2) Structure PSS rack cabinet and minitunnel trolley Micro PSS Single box unit 25 x 20 x 14 Filter size mm 47 mm Bypass line Filter, proportional valve, sampling valve Not present Pumps 240V AC, nl/h 24V DC, nl/h Flow meters Rotary piston G16 Rotary piston G16 Control unit Industrial PC on the main cabinet Laptop with TCP/IP I/O system Power supply 240V AC, 1.8 kw 24V DC, 20 A Weight 250 kg < 40 kg Legislation and trends 31

29 Micro-PSS main components Sample inlet Mixing zone Dilution air in Dilution tunnel Filter cartridge Filter holder Diluted gas out Legislation and trends 32

30 Micro-PSS main components Pumps Dil. air filter Gas flow meter Dil. Air heater Pumps drivers Air flow meter I/O system Legislation and trends 33

31 Exhaust flow [kg/h] Sample flow [g/h] Micro-PSS flow control Correlation coefficient = ( >0.95) Standard error of estimate = 2.48% ( <5%) Intercept of regression = 0.33% ( < 2%) ETC cycle (simulated) Filter diameter 47 mm Filter face velocity cm/s Filter temperature 47 ± 5 C Time [sec] Legislation and trends 34

32 Sampling strategy The distance between the Micro-PSS and the tailpipe can vary depending on vehicle configuration Sampling probe on vehicle exhaust pipe < 2m particulate heated transfer line Auxiliary exhaust transfer pump Heated or insulated 5 m line. Sampling point near to the microtunnel SAMPLE TRANSFER LINE EXHAUST TRANSFER LINE VENT DILUTION AIR DILUTION AIR FILTER FILTER EXHAUST EXHAUST DILUTED GAS DILUTED GAS Legislation and trends 35

33 JRC installation for PEMS program Legislation and trends 36

34 Meeting at JRC, May 6 Control Sistem, Pegasor & ExIS All testing at JRC so far with PPS prototype; new tests in June with final production unit. Issues w. Micro-PSS to deal with: Sensitivity: high-sensitivity version Zero drift (?) JRC will make tests with final version Micro-PSS available for Round Robin PSS-20 with PPS-M to be exhibited at the Automotive Testing Expo Demo is possible at customer sites in Q Legislation and trends 37

35 Pegasor signal (%) Pegasor integrated signal (%) Some JRC test results Pegasor (%) Integrated (%) Legislation and trends 38

36 Pegasor PPS-M will be the heart of many other measurement systems RS-PMP CVS-R03 Micro-PSS PSS Legislation and trends 39

37 PEMS (PM) summary & conclusions PEMS has focused on replicating lab meas. Laboratory testing in finished at JRC Next phase will be a Round Robin phase for onboard testing. Two candidate systems: Horiba: OBS Control Sistem: Micro-PSS PEMS will also be interesting for non-highway vehicles and (presumably) light-duty vehicles JRC contemplates about PEMS for PN Production version of Micro-PSS & PSS Legislation and trends 42

38 This concludes the presentation Thank you for your attention! More information available at: Legislation and trends 43