Technologies for Heavy-duty Engines

Transcription

1 Overview of Emissions Treatment Technologies for Heavy-duty Engines Mr. R. Brück AECC Technical Steering Committee AECC Technical Seminar on Heavy-duty Engine Emissions Brussels, 25 October

2 Introduction Contents Diesel Oxidation Catalysts Particulate Filters Wall-flow particulate filters Partial-flow particulate t filters Selective Catalytic reduction SCR catalysts Sensors Applications 2

3 PM vs NOx (ESC test): ,180 0, ,140 PM g/k kwh 0,120 0,100 0,080 Euro III limits (<0.75dm 3 & >3000min -1 rated power speed) Euro III limits 0,060 0,040 0,020 Euro V limits Euro IV limits 0,000 0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 NOx g/kwh Source: KBA data, June 2002, January 2006, March

4 PM vs NOx (ESC test): ,180 0, ,140 PM g/k kwh 0,120 0,100 0,080 Euro III limits (<0.75dm 3 & >3000min -1 rated power speed) Euro III limits 0,060 0,040 0,020 Euro V limits Euro IV limits 0,000 0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 NOx g/kwh Source: KBA data, June 2002, January 2006, March

5 PM vs NOx (ESC test): (Euro V & EEV data) PM g/k kwh Euro III limits (<0.75dm 3 & >3000min -1 rated power speed) Euro III limits Euro V limits Euro IV limits NOx g/kwh Source: KBA data, June 2002, January 2006, March

6 Euro V & EEV diesels at Hanover IAA Show September

7 Engine Technology (engine out emissions) Emissions Control Technologies Tailpipe Emissions 7

8 One view of a future engine ETC cycle demands on the engine raw emissions and on PM conversion to meet emissions i limits it (MAN) Euro Limit Value Stage NOx g/kwh / PM mg/kwh Raw ~max. EGR CR Injection emissions rate (%) pressure NOx g/kwh / (bar) PM mg/kwh Turbo PM Conversion (%) IV 35/ / stage 60 V 2.0 / / stage intercooled VI 1.0 / / stage intercooled Source: MAN; 26. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium

9 Emissions i Control Technologies - Diesel Oxidation Catalyst t (DOC) => Conversion of HC and CO - Diesel Particulate Filters => Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number) - Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR) => NOx Reduction 9

10 Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC) Source: MAN 10

11 Emissions i Control Technologies - Diesel Oxidation Catalyst t (DOC) => Conversion of HC and CO - Diesel Particulate Filters => Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number) - Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR) => NOx Reduction 11

12 Wall-flow particulate filters for light- duty and heavy-duty applications 12

13 Wall-flow particulate filters concentrat tion dn/dlog gdp[cm-3] 1,00E+07 1E+06 Engine-out 1E+05 Post-DPF number 1E rpm/50% load downstream of the trap 1E mobility diameter [nm] 1400 rpm/50% load without trap clean room ambient air Measurement by Matter Engineering Ingenieurschule Biel 13

14 Partial-flow particulate filters for light- duty and heavy-duty applications 14

15 Partial-flow particulate filter Source: MAN, CTI Forum Abgastechnik, 2007 Source: AECC Member Company, CTI Forum Abgastechnik,

16 Worldwide DPF retrofit experiences Construction equipment Mining equipment Materials Handling Refuse trucks City and School buses Stationary Diesel Engines Marine Vessels Locomotives 16

17 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologies Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature Catalysed C-DPF Catalysed DPF 17

18 Catalysed Particulate Filter (C-DPF) Dirty Exhaust Inlet Channels Porous Filter Wall Catalyst Plug Plug Cleaned Exhaust Outlet Channels 18

19 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologies Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature Catalysed C-DPF Catalysed DPF Continuously Regenerating CR-DPF Oxidation Catalyst DPF 19

20 Continuously Regenerating Particulate Filter (CR-DPF) 20

21 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologies Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature Catalysed C-DPF Catalysed DPF Continuously Regenerating CR-DPF Oxidation Catalyst DPF DPF + Fuel Borne Additive FBC Oxidation Catalyst DPF 21

22 Particle Filters using fuel-borne additive Source: PSA 22

23 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologies Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature Catalysed C-DPF Catalysed DPF Continuously Regenerating CR-DPF Oxidation Catalyst DPF DPF + Fuel Borne Additive FBC Oxidation Catalyst DPF (Off-line electrical / thermal regeneration) 23

24 Emissions i Control Technologies - Diesel Oxidation Catalyst t (DOC) => Conversion of HC and CO - Diesel Particulate Filters => Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number) - Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR) => NOx Reduction 24

25 Selective-Catalytic reduction (SCR) 25

26 Urea SCR-system Exhaust Gas 85% NOx NOx NH 3 O 2 > 85% NOx reduced N 2 H 2 O Source: Bosch, drawing adapted 26

27 Chemistry of the SCR catalyst system urea (NH 2 ) 2 CO SCR catalyst (S) 4NH 3 + 4NO + O 2 4N 2 + 6H 2 O 2NH 3 + NO + NO 2 2N 2 + 3H 2 O 8NH 3 + 6NO 2 7N H 2 O exhaust gas V H S O Oxidation catalyst (V) 2NO + O 2 2NO 2 4HC + 3O 2 2CO 2 + 2H 2 O 2CO + O 2 2CO 2 Oxidation catalyst (O) 4NH 3 +3O 2 2N 2 +6H 2 O Hydrolysis catalyst (H) (NH 2 ) 2 CO + H 2 O 2NH 3 + CO 2 27

28 NOx and NH 3 sensors 28

29 Heavy-duty applications 29

30 Marine vessels SCR system Emission reduction in Baltic Sea maritime transport: Reducing the weighted overall NOx emission to levels below 2 g/kwh. Main propulsion engines: resp g/kwh NOx. Auxiliary engines: g/kwh NOx. (according to SJÖFS 1997:28 at 75% load) 30

31 Thank you for your attention 31