Performance of HORIBA-SPCS in the PMP LDD ILCE

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1 1 Th ETH Conference Performance of HORIBA-SPCS in the PMP LDD ILCE Rahman Montajir, Asano Ichiro, Takeshi Kusaka, HORIBA Ltd, Japan Qiang Wei HORIBA Instrument Inc. USA

2 Acknowledgement Dr. Y. Goto National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory J. Andersson RICARDO Consulting Engineers Dr. P. Dilara Joint Research Center

3 Motivation of Development Conventional PM Measurement Mass Measurement is approaching to limit Variation of Measurement is very high PMP Background Alternative/Improvement of Mass Measurement Considering danger of Nano-Particles ECE Draft Regulation from PMP Number Counting of Particles (Keeping Mass Measurement Active)

4 PMP Recommended System Dilution Air PND 2 :Cold Dilution PND 1 :Hot Dilution CVS Tunnel CPC PND 1 PND 2 EU @15C VPR Pump Stable Evaporation Unstable

5 SPCS Flow Schematic Dil Air Dil Air MFC Temp FM-1 PND1 FM-2 EU PND2 CPC MFC MFC VP

6 Detail of SPCS Design ETH 25 SAE Paper SAE Paper JSAE Paper 26544

7 Prototype HORIBA SPCS Front Back

8 Basic Performances In Brief

9 Penetration of Solid Particles 1 Penetration = PMP >9% Concentration after SPCS x DR Raw Concentration Before SPCS X 1 Raw sample Raw Diluted sample Diluted Penetration % Penetration >97% Particle Loss <3% Low Dilution Ratio High Dilution ratio

10 Dilution Ratio Check with C 3 H 8 Raw Concentration (C 3 H 8 ) Actual DF = Diluted Conc. - Background Error in DF = x 1 Ref. DF Act. DF Ref. DF Error in DF % Unit-1 Unit-2 Unit PMP Recommendation Ref. Dilution Factor DF < 2% DF Error <6%

11 Removal of 5nm C4 Particles Evaporator 99% Removal EU: OFF Particle Number Removal > 99% 32 EU: ON Time sec

12 Linearity of Counter Particle Only Particle + Air Fraction 1% 8% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Reference HORIBA-SPCS Air Only Calculated Actual CPC Concentration y =.994x R 2 = Reference Concentration Good linearity R 2 =.9997

13 Inter-Lab Correlation Test AVL-MTC (Sweden) JRC (EC) UTAC (France) Ricardo (UK) Shell (UK) RWTÜV (Germany) Aristotle Univ. (Greece) JRC (EC) NTSEL (Japan) NMVERL (Korea) HORIBA

14 Test Vehicles Engine Swept Vol. After Treatment system Mileage Transmission GV TC-DI Diesel 2. L SiC + FBC 2898 km Manual 6 AV-1 TC-DI Diesel 2. L DPF + DOC 214 km Manual 5 AV-2 NA-DI Gasoline 3. L TWC + NRC 9317 km Automatic

15 Real Time Emission from GC Particle #/ cc Particle #/ cc 2.E+5 1.E+5 5.E+4.E+ 2.E+5 1.E+5 5.E+4.E+ Measured by SPCS Highly Repeatable Test #1 Test #2 Test #3 Test #4 Test #5 Test #6 Test#7 Time sec Speed Test #1 Test #2 Test #3 Test #4 Test #5 Test #6 Golden Vehicle NEDC Mode Test#7 Time sec Speed Speed x1 km/ h Speed x1 km/ h

16 Particle Emission Rate Particle Emission Rate = 1 x T=t N T=12 N 12. Particle Emission Rate % Golden Vehicle NEDC Mode Time sec

17 Test under JC8 Driving Mode Particle #/ cc 2.E+5 1.5E+5 1.E+5 5.E+4 Golden Golden Vehicle Vehicle CD34 Mode Test#1 Test#2 Test#3 Test#4 Test#5 Test#6 Speed km/ h Speed km/ h Particle #/ cc.e E+5 1.5E+5 1.E+5 5.E+4 Highly Repeatable Time sec.e Time sec Test#1 Test#2 Test#3 Test#4 Test#5 Test#6 Speed km/ h Speed km/ h

18 Emission from DI Gasoline Highly Repeatable

19 Particle Emission Rate GDI Vehicle NEDC Mode

20 Repeatability of PM Mass GV AV-1 AV GV PM gm/km PM gm/km COV (%) AV AV Test No.

21 Repeatability of PM Number Golden vehicle driven under NEDC mode 2.E+11 Particles Number (#/km) 1.6E E+11 8.E+1 4.E+1 GPMS SPCS NTSEL.E Test No 1 21

22 Co-Efficient of Variation Coefficient of variance 4% 35% 32.9% 3% 25% 2% 15% 11.8% 6.8% 1% 5% % GPMS GV JV-1 AV-2 JV-2 AV-1 7.1% 3.6% SPCS 21.2% 1 22

23 Conclusions A solid particle counting system has been developed according to PMP recommendation. The SPCS shows excellent sensitivity and repeatability for vehicle test. The SPCS exhibits over 97% penetration for solid particles and error in dilution ratios less than ± 6%. The system participated to the LDD_ILCE@NTSEL successfully. Number counting of solid particles shows better repeatability than the conventional gravimetric mass measurement if the car is conditioned appropriately. 1 23

24 Thanking you Explore the future HORIBA Ltd. 1 24

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