Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Ship Transit

Transcription

1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Ship Transit Ralph Appy,, Ph.D. Director of Environmental Management AAPA Harbors, Navigation and Environment Seminar Panama City, Panama May 2008

2 Importance of Ship Transit Emissions Environmental Shipping constitutes a growing source of world emissions (GHG = 4-6%) 4 Political/Regulatory New initiatives to control ship transit emissions Cost Fuel, Labor, Environmental Controls Time Retailers becoming more demanding in how goods are delivered faster & cleaner! Corbett

3 Logistical Decisions Routing Options Nike Air Jordans Wanted in KC! Various Routing Options Shanghai to Kansas City Suez Canal Shang hai Kansas City Los Angeles Jacksonville Manzanillo Panama Canal Scenarios Evaluated Shanghai Los Angeles Kansas City (5, 8, & 12k+ teu Ships) Shanghai Manzanillo Kansas City (5k+ & 8k+ teu Ships) Shanghai Panama Canal Jacksonville Kansas City (5 & 12k+ teu Ships) Shanghai Suez Canal Jacksonville Kansas City (5 & 12k+ teu Ships)

4 Movement Efficiencies Ship and Rail Ship Characteristics Class Main Installed Aux Shaft Sea Sea Speed (teus) Engine (MW) Engines (MW) Generator? Speed (knots) w/sg (knots) MY 5, Y , Y , Y Bunker Fuel Except within 40 nm of POLA (0.5% MGO) Unit Train Assumptions 4 Locomotives 13.1 MW (4 x 4,400 hp) 368 teus/train 55 mph average speed

5 Movement Efficiencies Routing Distances Distance to Kansas City Distance per Trip Total Distance Ship & Rail Jacksonville (Suez) Jacksonville (Panama) Jacksonville (Suez) Manzanillo Los Angeles Jacksonville (Panama) 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 Ship and Rail Mileage Manzanillo Los Angeles 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 Total Route Mileage Jacksonville (Panama) Manzanillo Rail Los Angeles ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 Rail Mileage

6 Time Impacts Route Decisions Time to get to KC Route Efficiencies Ship and Rail Transit Hours per Trip Hours per Transit Route and Vessel Size

7 Fuel Impacts Route Decisions How Does Fuel Usage Compare? Route Efficiencies Ship and Rail Fuel Consumption per Transit 8,000 7,202 Tonnes of Fuel per Transit Tonnes Fuel per Transit 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, , , , , , , , , Route and Vessel Size

8 Fuel Impacts Route Decisions How Does Fuel Usage Compare? Route Efficiencies Ship and Rail Fuel Consumption per teu Tonnes Fuel per teu Tonnes Fuel per teu Route and Vessel Size

9 Cost Impacts Fuel Costs How do Fuel Costs Compare? Ship Fuel Bill per Transit $5 $3.85 $4 Ship Transit Fuel Costs ($ Millions) $3 $2 $1 $1.06 $1.48 $1.71 $1.27 $1.78 $1.87 $3.07 $2.38 $0 Route and Vessel Size

10 Cost Impacts Fuel Costs Which Route has Least Fuel Costs? Ship Fuel Bill per teu $500 $445 Ship Fuel Costs ($/teu) $400 $300 $200 $100 $198 $184 $137 $238 $221 $351 $245 $308 $0 Route and Vessel Size

11 Emissions Impacts Mass Emissions CO2 Transit Emissions to get to KC Transit Emissions of CO 2 Ship (5,000+ teu Class) & Rail CO2 Transit Emissions (tonnes) Ship (5,000+ teu Class) & Rail 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 9,501 11,502 14,956 18,661 0 Route and Vessel Size

12 Emissions Impacts Mass Emissions CO2 Transit Emissions to get to KC Transit Emissions of CO 2 Ship & Rail CO2 Emissions, tons per trip 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, ,527 15,185 11,502 9,501 16,322 14,956 25,337 18,661 31,075 Route and Vessel Size

13 Emissions Impacts Mass Emissions CO2 Transit Emissions to get to KC Route Efficiencies Transit CO 2 Emissions per teu 5 CO2 Emissions (tonnes/teu) Route and Vessel Size

14 Emissions Impacts Context Everyday Comparisons Approximate CO 2 Emissions, tons: From Shanghai to Kansas City via LA Weekly 5,000 teu Service ~9,500 tonnes CO 2 /transit ~495,000 tons CO 2 /year From Shanghai to Kansas City via Suez Canal ~18,700 tonnes CO 2 /trip Weekly 5,000 teu Service ~970,000 tonnes CO 2 /year South Coast Air Basin Automotive Emissions 406,000 tonnes CO 2/ day CO 2/ Livestock Enteric Fermentation, U.S. 280,000 tonnes CO 2 /day (methane)

15 Overall Impacts Logistics Decisions Shipping Time Need to Get Goods to Market Shipping Costs Cost of Regulatory Compliance vs. Extended Transport Costs - Costs of Compliance with Regulations - Fuel Consumption - Crew Costs - Vessel Costs Corbett Environmental Footprint Vary with Routing Choices - Distance of Transport - Efficiencies w/ship Sizes

16 Contact Information Ralph Appy,, Ph.D. Director, Environmental Management Division