Overview of California Advanced Clean Car Regulations and Meeting Air Quality Needs in the South Coast Air Basin

Transcription

1 Overview of California Advanced Clean Car Regulations and Meeting Air Quality Needs in the South Coast Air Basin Henry Hogo South Coast Air Quality Management District State and Local Plug-in Electric Vehicle Workshop: Getting Ready Together National Governors Association Washington DC July 10-11,

2 California Passenger Vehicle Regulatory Programs New Vehicle Emissions Standards LEV/ZEV Regulations Cleaner Fuels Reformulated Gasoline Low Carbon Fuel Standard Smog Check Program 2 2

3 LEV Program Sets Tailpipe and Evaporative Emissions Standards for Lightand Medium-Duty Vehicles Requirements for Zero- Emissions Vehicle Sales Automobiles Must Be Certified to Standards for Sale in California 3 3

4 HC (g/mi) Light-Duty Vehicle HC Emissions Standards LEV LEV LEV II Euro 5 Euro 6 LEV II LEV III* 0.05 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 LEV III* * Combined HC+NOx Euro Gasoline California 4 4

5 NOx (g/mi) Light-Duty Vehicle NOx Emissions Standards 1.2 Euro Euro LEV Euro LEV Euro LEV II LEV II Euro 6 LEV III* LEV III* * Combined HC+NOx Euro Diesel Euro Gasoline California 5 5

6 Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation ZEV Regulation 2% of vehicles sales 5% of vehicle sales 10% of vehicle sales Incl. GHGs Infrastructure PZEV SULEV 2% 5% ATPZEV 10% Phases & 6% PZEV 2% ATPZEV 2% ZEV Hybrids Redesign for % by 2025 BEVs Plug-in Hybrids 6 6

7 Mix of Passenger Vehicles Scenario to Meet 2050 Goals Source: CA Air Resources Board (2011) 7 7

8 ZEV Regulation Compliance Fuel Cell Vehicles - Battery Electric Vehicles - Battery Electric Vehicles - Source: CA Air Resources Board (2011) 8 8

9 ZEV Requirements Require Large Automobile Manufacturers to Produce Zero-Emission Vehicles Battery Electric Vehicles Hydrogen Fuel Cell May Substitute A Portion with Near-Zero Emission Vehicles Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Conventional Hybrid Vehicles Clean Gasoline Vehicles 9 9

10 Hybrid/ZEV Production Source: CARB (2012) 10 10

11 NOx (tons/day) Top NOx Sources in the South Coast Air Basin in Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks Off-Road Equipment Ships & Commercial Boats* RECLAIM** Locomotives Aircraft Residential Fuel Combustion Heavy-Duty Gasoline Trucks Passenger Cars Med-Duty Gasoline Vehicles Light Duty Trucks/SUVs * Oceangoing vessels = 33.8 tons/day **RECLAIM: 320 largest stationary sources, including all refineries and power plants Source: (SCAQMD, 2012 Draft Air Quality Management Plan) 11 11

12 Needed NOx Emission Reductions to Achieve 8-Hr Ozone Air Quality Standards in the South Coast Air Basin Other Recreational Boats Service/Commercial Commercial Boats Manufacturing and Industrial Light-Duty Trucks Medium-Duty Trucks Light-Duty Vehicles Heavy-Duty Gasoline Trucks Residential Fuel Combustion Aircraft Locomotives RECLAIM (Large Stationary) Ocean-going Vessels Off-Road/Industrial Equipment Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks Needed by 2023 Needed by

13 Percent Increase in Population and Activities Design Value (ppb) Air Quality Progress With Growth Key Reason: Technology 180% 160% 140% 120% 100% Demographic Projections and Ozone Air Quality Trend 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% O3 8-Hour Design Value YEAR population VMT Housing Unit O3 Design Value South Coast AQMD Policy Generally Growth Accommodating Sources Generally Controlled over 90% Technical Challenges Increasing Increasing Marginal Control Costs... Diminishing Marginal Returns 13

14 Top NOx Categories in 2023 Technological Potential for Zero-Emission Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks Off-Road Equipment Ocean-going Vessels RECLAIM (Large Stationary) Locomotives Aircraft Residential Fuel Combustion Heavy-Duty Gasoline Trucks Light-Duty Vehicles Medium-Duty Trucks Light-Duty Trucks Manufacturing and Industrial Commercial Boats Service/Commercial Recreational Boats High Potential Some Potential Low Potential tons per day 14

15 Governor s Executive Order By 2020 Infrastructure to Support 1 million ZEVs ZEVs to be Cost-Competitive, Accessible to Mainstream, and Used for Public Transport and freight By 2025, More than 1.5 million ZEVs on the Road CA State Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Purchases 10% ZEVs by % ZEVs by

16 Dec-10 Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11 Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 PEV Sales 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, July 2000 Total Prius (historic) Volt Leaf imiev Active E Prius PHV 16