PROGRESS: INTRODUCTION

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PROGRESS: TREE IMPROVEMENT OF Calophyllum inophyllum FOR

BUDI LEKSONO & TEAM Centre for Forest Biotechnology and

Global Energy Crisis Increasing biofuel prices, has

renewable-energy (biofuel) Gas 30% Oil 20% Coal 33% Bio

National Energy Policy has set biofuel production target

The main restraints: raw material Hydro 2.

competition against food needs 0.0301% Fuel Cell 0.

1 PROGRESS: TREE IMPROVEMENT OF Calophyllum inophyllum FOR BIOFUEL by: DR. BUDI LEKSONO & TEAM Centre for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Yogyakarta - Indonesia INTRODUCTION o Global Energy Crisis Increasing biofuel prices, has driven the world to emphasize the importance of renewable-energy (biofuel) Gas 30% Oil 20% Coal 33% Bio Fuels 5% Geothermal 5% Coal 2% Other 5% o Indonesian National Energy Policy has set biofuel production target up to 5% of national energy needs in 2025 (PP 5/2006) o The main restraints: raw material Hydro 2.61% availability, seed quality and tough Wind competition against food needs % Fuel Cell 0.00% o Calophyllum Biomass inophyllum (Nyamplung) % seed: Nuclear potential for energy-sources, can % be harvested repeatedly for 50 years 1

Breeding Strategy of Nyamplung for Biofuel Base Population Breeding Population Propagation Population Production Population GEOGRAFIC RACE/ LAND RACE PROVENANCE TRIAL Selection (based on : fruit

2 Breeding Strategy of Nyamplung for Biofuel Base Population Breeding Population Propagation Population Production Population GEOGRAFIC RACE/ LAND RACE PROVENANCE TRIAL Selection (based on : fruit productivity and oil content) Leksono & Widyatmoko (2010): Breeding Strategy of Nyamplung for Biofuel GCA Analysis PROVENANCE SEED STAND CLONE GARDEN PLANTATION PLANTATION MATERIALS & METHODS Genetic Materials of Nyamplung

3 Nyamplung Populations in Java Ciamis (West Java) Banyuwangi (East Java) Gunung Kidul (Yogyakarta) Pandeglang (Banten) Cilacap (Central Java) Nyamplung Populations Outside Java Ketapang (West Kalimantan) Yapen (West Papua) Selayar (South Sulawesi) Pariaman (West Sumatra) Dompu (West Nusa Tenggara) 3

4 Variation of Fruit Size of Nyamplung Populations in Indonesia Seed Preparation Fresh fruits Dry fruits Wet seeds Seeds and shell Seeds extraction 4

5 Seedling Preparation Seeds Pricking Shading 6 Months 1 Month Variation of Seedling of Nyamplung Populations in Java Hasnah & Leksono (2012): Geneitic variation of seedling growth, nitrogen and clorophyl contents among nyamplung populations in Java 5

6 Land Preparation and Planting Pangandaran (West Java) In Coastal area using bamboo gabion Wonogiri (Central Java) Mineral soil Gng Kidul (DIY) thin organic soil layer using water drip bottle Processing of Nyamplung Biofuel and Derivates 6

7 Processing of Nyamplung Biofuel (Manual) Seed drying Pressing Degumming Esterification Drying Washing Transester. Pressing seeds using Vertical Hot Press (VHP) Seed drying Grinding Setting CCO Pressing Setting 7

8 Pressing seeds using Screw Press Expeller (SPE) Dry seeds Seed separating Seed drying Chemical Biodisel processing Seed pressing Process and Variation of Nyamplung Biofuel 8

9 Biofuel Potential: Variations from 6 Populations in Java Population Dry Seed (Kg) Residual (Kg) CCO (Kg) CCO (%) RCCO (Kg) RCCO (%) Banyuwangi Gunungkidul Purworejo Cilacap Ciamis Pandeglang Leksono et al. (2013): Variation of biofuel potency from 12 Calopyllum inophyllum populations in indonesia Biofuel-Potential: Variations from 7 Islands in Indonesia Population Dry Seed (Kg) CCO (%) RCCO (%) Biodiesel (%) Equipment used Java VHP Madura VHP Selayar VHP Java SPE Madura SPE Selayar SPE Sumatra SPE Kalimantan* SPE Sembawa SPE Papua* SPE *) Technical problems occurrred during the pressing process by using SPE 9

Physical-Chemical Analysis of Nyamplung Biodiesel (LEMIGAS) Physical-chemical properties of nyamplung biodiesel

Biodiesel Nyamplung Biodiesel Density at 40 o C kg/m 3 ASTM D.

100 126 173 Cetane index - ASTM D.613 Min. 51 59 72 Cloud point o C ASTM D.2500 Maks.

130 Maks.no 3 1a 1b Micro Carbon Residual (MCR) % wt ASTM D.4530 Maks.0,05 0,6 0,9 Sulphate Ash % wt ASTM D.874 Maks.

10 Physical-Chemical Analysis of Nyamplung Biodiesel (LEMIGAS) Physical-chemical properties of nyamplung biodiesel (comparison to SNI standard) Properties Unit Testing Methode Spec. Biodiesel Nyamplung Biodiesel Density at 40 o C kg/m 3 ASTM D Kinematic viscosity at 40 o C cst ASTM D.445 2,3-6,0 5,7 6,5 Flash point PMCC o C ASTM D.93 Min Cetane index - ASTM D.613 Min Cloud point o C ASTM D.2500 Maks Sediment and water content % Vol. ASTM D.1796 Maks. 0,05 0 Copperstrip corrosion at 3/50 o C No. ASTM ASTM D.130 Maks.no 3 1a 1b Micro Carbon Residual (MCR) % wt ASTM D.4530 Maks.0,05 0,6 0,9 Sulphate Ash % wt ASTM D.874 Maks.0,02 0,002 0,01 Destilation at 90% Vol o C ASTM D.1160 Maks Sulphur content mg/kg ASTM D.4294 Maks Phosphor content mg/kg AOCS Ca Maks. 10 0,19 0,33 Acid value Mg KOH/g ASTM D.974 Maks. 0,8 0,05 0,08 Free Glycerol % wt AOCS Ca Maks. 0,02 0,01 0,04 10

11 Provenance Seed Stand of Nyamplung (Based on Oil Content in Java) Wonogiri (Central Java) Pangandaran (West Java) 2,5 Years Test drive 11

12 a. Fruit shells Waste Utilization potential for added value Seed separator Fruit shells Tanur & Condensator Vinegar Briquet Charcoal Charcoal press Charcoal crusher Shells charcoal b. Oilcake for animal feed Oilcake Oilcake crusher Pellet feed Burger (mix of oilcake, forage, molasses) Granulator Oilcake mixer 12

13 c. Gum/ Coumarin Resin Seed and cco samples Coumarin extraction Medicine (Cancer, HIV-AIDS, cosmetic, etc) Spectrophotometry methods d. Glycerol Transesterification Soap 13

14 TEAM WORK Further Information Dr. Budi Leksono Bioenergy Laboratory Centre for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Yogyakarta-Indonesia Phone : , Mobile: boedyleksono@yahoo.com 14

15 15

Differences in raw material sources for biofuel processing

Differences in raw material sources for biofuel processing Kovács, A.J. Kacz, K. Lakatos, E. Neményi, M. University of West Hungary Institute of Biosystems Engineering Address: 2 Vár. Mosonmagyaróvár H-9200.