8/3/2012 SIF: Energy School 2012,Varenna. Omar Said

Transcription

1 Omar Said

2 Introduction to myself Name: Omar Said (I am in Petroleum and Petrochemicals Engineering senior student Cairo University). Experience : Schlumberger oil service company trainee (wire line segment). Halliburton oil service company trainee (mud engineering segment). GUPCO oil company (Gas Plant purification and processing). GUSCO gas company (Gas transportation and processing). ENPPI procurement and petroleum industries company ( HYSES computer simulation ).

3 Agenda Problem History of Biofuel Biodiesel Jatropha oil Comparison between fuels Conclusion

4 What do you think? Source : ro.html

5 Source : elmasryelyoum.com

6 Source: elmasryelyoum.com

7 The earth's population is growing at an increasing rate. The world will need greatly increased energy supply in the next 20 years, especially cleanlygenerated electricity. To adjust people s needs and wants more energy will need to be produced.

8 2. WATER 3. FOOD 4. ENVIRONMENT 5. POVERTY 6. TERRORISM & War 7. DISEASE 8. EDUCATION 9. DEMOCRACY 10. POPULATION

9 The Earth s Population is growing, yet the amount of energy is decreasing. Our solution is to increase the amount of energy by creating a new source of energy. Due to the negative effects that some energy sources have on the environment,we decided to investigate natural energy based alternatives.

10 When the world had suffered from the big environmental problems at the ends of the 20 th century, many countries agreed and signed for green fuels. Congress also voted the energy policy act in 1994 and a newer in 2005 to promote renewable fuels.

11 Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that is an organic hydrocarbon, that creates less pollution to our environment than any other fuel for Instance : Petroleum fuel. Biodiesel has a great usage.

12 Biodiesel is the most common bio fuel in Europe. Chemically, it consists mostly of fatty acid methyl (or ethyl) esters. Feed stocks for biodiesel include animal fats, vegetable oils, soy, rapeseed, jatropha, flax, sunflower, palm oil, and algae.

13 Pure biodiesel is the lowest emission diesel fuel(clean combustion) they are used to fuel much less efficient petrol engines and are not as widely available.

14 The production of Biodiesel,or alkyl esters, is well known. There are three basic routes to ester production from oils and fats. 1. Base catalyzed transesterification of the oil with alcohol. 2. Direct acid catalyzed esterification of the oil with methanol. 3. Conversion of the oil to fatty acids, and then to alkyl esters with acid catalysis. The majority of the alkyl esters produced today are done with the base catalyzed reaction Because it is the most economic for several reasons. Low temperature (150F) and pressure (20psi) processing. High conversion (98%) with minimal side reactions and reaction time. Direct conversion to methyl ester with no intermediate steps. Source: -on-biodiesel-tomorrows-fuel.html

15 Jatropha oil is vegetable oil produced from the seeds of the Jatropha curcas, a plant that can grow in marginal lands. Source: jatrophaoil.com

16 Jatropha oil Methanol Potassium hydroxide Pellets ( KOH ) which is the catalyst

17 Transesterification The most common derivatives of agricultural oil for fuels are methyl esters. These are formed by transesterification of the oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst (usually basic) to give methyl ester and glycerol. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is the most common catalyst, though others such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) can also be used. 100 kg oil+24 kg methanol+2.5 kg NaOH a 100 kg biodiesel+26 kg glycerin. Source:

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20 Comparison between Biodiesel from Jatropha Oil Kerosene Gasoline Natural Gas Petroleum Diesel

21 Points of Comparison Renewability Cost Safetiness of Storage & Transportation Environmentally Acceptable or Not

22 Type Renewable Non Renewable Biodiesel from Jatropha Oil Kerosene Gasoline Natural Gas Normal Diesel

23 Wolfram Alpha computational knowledge Type Price Per Liter Places Biodiesel from Jatropha Oil nd Kerosene 0.70$ 3 rd Gasoline $ 4 th Natural Gas 0.018$ 1 st Normal Diesel $ 5 th

24 Type Self Igniting Non-self Igniting Biodiesel from Jatropha Oil Kerosene Gasoline Natural Gas Normal Diesel

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26 is a carbon neutral one. It means that it does not emit any carbon gases in the form of carbon dioxide. It is less polluting than petroleum products since it produce less particulate matters like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and unburned hydro carbon. Also it is nontoxic. US department of energy study showed that the production and use of biodiesel, compared petroleum diesel, resulted in a 78.5% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Produces toxic fumes when it is burned. For Instance : When we light a lamp with kerosene it produces toxic fumes. Also It emits Carbon dioxide which is not friendly to our environment.

27 Gasoline contains MTBE which is a known cancer causing agent and can cause birth defects if a pregnant mother is exposed to it. Gasoline emits Carbon dioxide which pollute our Environment. is also cleaner burning than other hydrocarbon fuels. It produces toxic fumes but not as dangerous as other Fossil fules. Diesel comes from Fossil Fules & adds Carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Diesel also contributes to the formation of ozone pollution. Diesel contains small particles known as fine particulate matter, a major contributor to air pollution.

28 According to renewability Biodiesel that is extracted from jatropha oil is the only source of energy that is renewable. According to the Cost Biodiesel is the second cheapest source of energy while Kerosene is the most expensive. According to the Safetiness of Storage & Transportation, Biodiesel is Non- self Igniting Also Biodiesel is transported easily and it s in expensive in transportation because it doesn t need 8/3/2012 compressors. SIF: Energy School 2012,Varenna

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