Joint efforts in farming

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1 Jot efforts frmg Stickley T. Agriculture de groupe Pris : CIHEAM Options Méditerrnéennes; n pges Article vilble on le / Article disponible en ligne à l dresse : To cite this rticle / Pour citer cet rticle Stickley T. Jot efforts frmg. Agriculture de groupe. Pris : CIHEAM, p (Options Méditerrnéennes; n. 6)

2 Thoms STICKLEY Assistnt economics Jot efforts frmg 22 "?$. \ I / mise I. - Vlue Premises The bsic vlues views this s follows : nld Levels Livg needed cpit comes people both popultion.. ( consequently levels livg) popultion my be by between tl nt tl costs. Without this my be chieved by yield by cost ech unit duct. wy would comes popultion. b. cost oe ech unit is is scope food, used by people. se popultion net effect will be one comes - ' vlue. Should Not.vlue is second wich is! cllg combtion use mn's - wy tht will give mximum b-enefit him now fu- ' This my be both public pots view.. public is hvg dems.. plced on its humn.... dems economic development. Sce se we nxious dopt development which will give mximum benefit people. b. At level dividul economic is viewg his pckge limited sme wy. constntly wys combe limited l, cpitl knowledge so s tt some economies scle speciliztion comes. Thus we stte s second vlue mise tht Socill, Economic lity men cpit comes necesbut not sufficient vlues. The vlue which is needed mke this set vlue sufficient is tht socil, economic politicl equlity. Thus this will suggestions socil, economic politicl positions ll people - Possibilities is on diff-t wys dividulistic system t one completely stitutionlized system t Exmples Ejidos stte collective hvs Scheme Sudn, Vicos newly stituted two dividul stitutionlized is wide possibilities jot is this possibilities jot which is subject this pon vlue on which this is bsed, exmples jot discussed followg section. - OF The followg exmples jot divided those which tend help costs

3 cg unit those which help mg. The socil impliction by is obvious. Reducg Unit Costs some puts sesonlity some sons my quntity t disposl by jog with use supplies, equipment l nology Equipment, Suppli,es, Usully supplies my be chsed t unit if y quntities. 'two need sme kd seed y my succeed gettg if y pool two one The jot use lso lends itself nicely jot One my buy use will benefit. hs mde use his vestment, hs voided need mkg vestment full exchnge fpm equipment is exmple two engged sme One my vest one piece equipment piece. exmple, hy one my buy my buy They my exchnge se ols both will hve ccess full le equipment needed this This puts tic md put which my be A mle sheep, exmple kept my be ble vices elimtg need ech m mke this vestment. The cost one my be The ' sesonl mkes sesonl, o. time heviest one will be time tht his hve hevy An exchnge between is wy which both ll) exchnge my void cost dditionl Also hve skills. One my exchnge his skill exmple, with skill cttle. L cn two people use tive l wy tht it will thn y could hve by dependently? Consistent with lw dvntge ech should specilize tht which his cost dvntge is test his 08 disdvntge is lest) with Let us suppose tht specilizg, one cttle lflf hy whet. They my both be f if y two pieces l s one develop whet lflf best suited con mximum l ni lflf will benefit soil second likewise will hve build-up soil which could be used efficiently com whet Any combtion will net benefit both ll) such jot use. l is two my exchnge o% l which would be mutul stisfction both with net g both l lost fence pths time lost gog one hve need hevy equipment needed l (such s, l tilelyg mche) y my fixed cost hvg equipment moved mkg A well my enough needs two The cost diggg) my be ed by both This would be both thn if ech dig his own well. Likewise cost pump well my be by both ech vestg his own. equipment exmple, pipes my needs two s well s one. The,cost this vestment my be '.. Open, sod cnls which cnl loction two my belosg quntities seepge. The cost both could be if y would cost lg cnl with cement cg cnl with mens conveyg 23

4 Technology A mong is knowledge best techniques follow busesses. A simple exchnge ides between my benefit both. Likewise my be One my vest my mgze which useful technicl These my bexchnged between mong) m. is cost Jot jot my unit costs my be mutul two lengn m both ll) mkg it possible equipment is high low yield These well known those who my be long money m settg n high enough The high no come low come due technology, helth his fmily, wepests, even itself. my help ech loss due se Technology When new technique new seed is he knows tht it my not he it, he does so with knowledge this low yields. will this if he it on smll scle Two my jo conductg such ech llowg v test possible wys usg novtion. spect technology is timeless my beonly one two dys with which whet, exmple, should be optiml yield. The my be helpful two wys (l), helpg decide which is best dy (2) helpg with one dy tht is best. lied id like deth hve hits. Why n, cnnot this sme contue solve less but tht plgue smll ll time? Flood, wd, het cold devitions tht my mke it possible locusts need jot ef weeds, fungus sects my be done efficiently by my jo this obt by hvg done ll t one time. run especilly t time when my be on Two my jo ge fcilities exmple, my be o expensive one lone, but by jog with buildg one jotly y my be ble it. who money my with Jotly my cosign ech notes losg cse lon defult The bove section gives exmples wys dividuls my costs jot These cn be mde by dividuls with no help mounts se jot development bsic ctivities. bsic complement jot dividuls should clude such thgs s : 1. pplyg fdgs locl conditions. 2. technicl tion ' bsic hevy vehicules such s bots. 5. flood dms with bsic cnls. 6. Adequte low cost puts such s seeds, pesticides. 7. Adequte dg - weights S. Adequte vices. 9. settle stted jot kd discussed this Promotionl Activities Though limited economic development it my be found tht would be high n vestment miml ctivities jot by such ctivities could be by mens mss medi communiction, mly. The m me should be mke fully benefits jot (1) mselves s dividuls (2)

- Exmples hve been given how dividuls my tke ction costs by jot New, extent which se ctions vlue stted begng will be discussed followed by suggestion tht se jot by dividuls must be step stitutions

5 - Exmples hve been given how dividuls my tke ction costs by jot New, extent which se ctions vlue stted begng will be discussed followed by suggestion tht se jot by dividuls must be step stitutions Complementry vlue Premises n'd Levels Livg Shou1l.d Jot should cost ech unit duct substntilly. This fmilies. wouldlso scope cg costs consumed by fmilies which would hve effect comes should led im livg complementg Shou'ld fce cpitl, technology mngement bility, puts such s seeds. The discussion jot hs cluded exmples how quntity se ces cn ech who jos with use se The qulified who hve time willg go ll mselves solvg ech is limited. mximizg this ment is essentil. The pln clls mimum ticiption su ide kg with is lso n ttitude mong <c skg not wht cn do m but wht y cn do >>. Socil, Economic Equlity Should be Achieved Any ctivity jog will politicl position. botm socil, economic politicl scles tg jog with solve blems y will hve dvnced notion equitble socil, economic people. The mg Step A movement stitutions should beg with this step-nmely, jot dividuls As by dividul zt tke on n stitutionlized will hve evolved botm, up. The ufeels tht this is niztions thn common ( less successful) employed estblishment is stitutions p, down. A <r jot dividuls on smllscle seems be logicl step. flexibility implicit such n public vestment should be substntilly due smll dems on some counttemptg stitutionlize p. (W. - <( Economic ment with Unlimited Supplies n, Tlze (John W.). - Tlze Agriculturl Development, Comeu sity New T.). - Gettilzg Agriczdture A. New Asirt Drm, An 172- quiry ln New W.). - Crisis World Agrim1trw.e. Ann (S. Thoms) jfi). - <( The Effectiveness >>, The Qurterly Journl Thqiqt-e (2) The is G The Effectiveness > by S. Thoms Stickley Njfï The Qurterly Journ1 sdi, 1971.

631 ALLOWANES AND TOLERANCES

631 ALLOWANES AND TOLERANCES ANSI Fits. Tbles 3 through 9 inclusive show series of stndrd types nd clsses of fits on unilterl hole bsis, such tht the fit produced by mting prts in ny one clss will produce