Small Scale Washing Test System with a Magnetic Stirrer as a Model of Pulsator Type Washing Machine

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Barnaby Cameron King
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1 Smll Scle Wshg Test System Mgnetic Stirrer s Model Pulsr Type Wshg Mche Msru Oy Yokohm Ntionl University, Yokohm, Jpn Abstrct A pulsr type model system which dk-like stirrg br rotted mgnetic stirrer beker 74 side dimeter contg 250 ml liquid suggested ssumg use consumer. Removl efficiency determed reflectnce rtificil s (prepred Lundry Reserch Assocition, 5 ~5 cm size). effects number test s, rottionl speed mgnetic stirrer, time detergent concentrtion on removl efficiency exmed strd test condition determed. Moreover, comprtive 11 kds coercil conducted. results show tht strd test condition should be s follows rottionl speed 450 rpm; h lod 3 s + 2 blnce s; time 10 m. Wshg repeted 11 times respectively 11 kds coercil, followg order detergency obted: lklescent syntic (powder type) = ftty cid sops > neutrl syntic (liquid type). se results cn be considered resonble, ree test suggested th pper estimted be pplicble consumer under limited conditions. (Received August 10, 2007; Accepted December 10, 2007) Key words rtificil, detergency,, lundry, sops. (Journl Jpn Reserch Assocition Textile End-Uses, Vo1.49, pp , 2008) 1. Introduction Lundry re divided two types. One smll scle usg model pprtus experiment, or prcticl scle usg domestic mche. mer type test requires specil test mche such s Terg-O-Tometer. On or h, ltter type test needs complicted sttticl processg delg lrge devition removl efficiency, becuse domestic mche hs much smller reproducibility thn model pprtus. Prciplly, detergency coercil should be estimted conductg dily lundry test usg nturlly clos domestic mche. typicl test lundry bundle test ASTM D However, test method rrely utilized, becuse lrge mount lbor needed conductg test only Vol.49 No.2 (2008) /2008/ $ 01.00/0(C)2008 Jpn.Res.Assn.Text.End-Uses. (139)

2 48 smll mount shortcomg method vul dt could be dt estimtg obted. dply. c efficiency Tble 1 Lt coercil th study. senstion. Generlly, Terg-O-Tometer lundry field be syntic efficiency On mche h, level9), becuse specilized it consumer detergency. even th pulsr test s simple rnge experiments only mgnetic It scle school consumer possibility structure. system strument, smll hrdly results. needs power been model mche, hve se smll system reltively wide consumer significnt pper, Th stirrer. type proposed explored. crried processes scientificlly In domestic be devition cses prepre However, usg some mnul dopted b In t consumer mches. tend estimted difficult level crg led domestic test mches vully (1998) type method K3362 be or gitr testg Terg-O-Tometer JIS nturlly s lso detergent which An such reserch Jpn1) `8). pprtus defed scientific hs would cover consumer eduction. Fig. 1 Wshg test pprtus th study. 2. Experimentl 2-1 Mteril Wshg Five E), lklescent 2 syntic neutrl powder lundry sops th study. Detils shown Tble Lundry experiments unim 2-2 A mgnetic (140) dk on set (Str ternl cp dk dk-like glss dimeter, 110 flt rotted stirrer (High HPS-100, luchi) ( botm height) (Fig.1). Power bottle 84 rottion speed on ) tht (%) those crried In s, reserched. determed use. dk, detergency followg home number vlue wter rottion concentrtion sttirg detergency reflectnce prcticl wter. strd effects K/S s similrly dtilled Experiments ddition, wter such rrnged Rsg temperture process. detergent 25 Ž. (bee un determed white fter. equtions: powerful Mgnetic rpm wter wter conditions t : ml, kept 3 mutes rsg volume, time 15 crried conditions 250. temperture crried followg volume speed experiments dys Hed dimeter dimeter silicon stirrg Stirrer, stirrg 74 externl soil queous usg under cm) Comprtive ( methods beker, lot condition br, height crried sme re cm ~ Wshg stirrg prepred method K) Assocition, dpersion (A (F-G), (H se 1. Artificil Reserch which K/S=(1-R/100)2/2R (1) digitl 繊消誌

3 49 D=(Ps-Pw)/(Ps-Po) X 100 (2) where, R reflectnce, Ps K/S vlue bee, Pw K/S vlue fter Po K/S vlue un white. reflectnce piece men vlues obted both surfces. reflectnce mesured under condition tht 4 pieces nerly lightness overlid under mesured smple. 2-3 Wshg experiments coercil Eleven kds coercil comprtive test. experimentl condition such s number s, rottg speed stirrg dk, time determed experiments described mer section. Three pieces s two pieces un s experiment under followg conditions wter volume; 250 ml, wter temperture 25 Ž, rottion speed; 450 rpm, time; 10 m. Rsg crried 3 m. t 450 rpm dtilled wter t 25 C. After dryg, reflectnce mesured, detergency (%) clculted. 3. Results Dcussions 3.1 reltion between number s detergency To exme effect number s on detergency, experiments (rottg speed; 450 rpm, time; 10 m) crried detergent (A). Sce rottg movement liquid becme unstble when number hed s cresed beyond 12, experiments crried number test from In cses usg more thn 4 pieces, suitble pieces un blnce dded 3 pieces. repetitions experiment on ech number s 1 pece; 4 times, 2 pieces; 3 times, 3 pieces or more; 2 times. reltion between number s detergency shown Fig.2. As number s cresed from 1 4, detergency significntly cresed. However, when number s cresed beyond 5, no significnt chnge detergency observed. When number s less thn 3, smooth rottg flow vessel observed, but flow becme complicted s number s cresed beyond 3. It expected tht detergency would be ffected friction between s becuse detergency creses cresg number hed s when number s smller thn 5. In th rnge, both frictions between wter between rottg dk re expected be cresed cresg number s. ree, friction between s expected be m fnrtnr t.h mchnirnl remnvnl wtn Fig.2 Effect number s on detergency obted test usg detergent (A). error brs show mximum mimum vlues. Fig.3 Effect number s 10 mples on detergency obted test usg detergent (A). error brs show mximum mimum vlues. When number s cresed beyond 5, friction effects would be constnt becuse detergency doesn't Vol.49 No.2 (2008) (141)

4 50 chnge cresg number s. To exme effect soil lod on detergency, experiments crried under followg conditions tl number s un blnce s fixed t 10 pieces rtios s un s vried. result (Fig.3) shows tht detergency decreses s number s cresed beyond 5. And result Fig.2 dictes tht detergency would be constnt when number tl s between ree, 3 pieces 2 pieces un s strd condition experiment. 3.2 Effect rottg speed stirrg dk on detergency reltion between rottg speed stirrg dk detergency shown Fig.4. As rottion speed red from rpm, detergency cresed significntly, but no significnt chnge observed over 450 rpm. As rottion speed cresed, rottion behvior stirrg dk tends be unstble. With considerg stbility stirrg dk movement, strd rottion speed experiment determed be 450 rpm. However, fter 5 m, chngg degree detergency decresed no significnt chnge observed fter 15 m. It n terestg fct tht effect time on detergency th system similr tht pulsr type mche which hs been widely Jpn. Fig.5 Effect time on detergency obted test usg detergent (A). error brs show mximum mimum vlues. 3-4 Effect detergent concentrtion on detergency reltion between concentrtion detergent (A) removl efficiency shown Fig.6. strd concentrtion prcticl use detergent (A) 0.08 %. As detergent concentrtion red from 0% 0.06%, removl efficiency cresed Fig.4 Effect rottion speed stirrg dk on detergency obted test usg detergent (A). error brs show mximum mimum vlues. 3.3 Effect time on detergency reltion between time detergency shown Fig.5. As time cresed from 0 5 mutes, detergency cresed remrkbly. Fig.6 Effect detergent concentrtion on detergency obted test usg detergent(a). error brs show mximum mimum vlues. (142)

51 significntly. However, when detergent concentrtion more thn 0.08 %, removl efficiency reched b 85 % no significnt chnge observed. tendency which obted th experiment similr tht prcticl home system.

5 51 significntly. However, when detergent concentrtion more thn 0.08 %, removl efficiency reched b 85 % no significnt chnge observed. tendency which obted th experiment similr tht prcticl home system. 3.5 Compron detergency coercil detergency dt lklescent syntic (AE), neutrl (F,G) powder lundry sops (H-K) re shown Tble 2. Tble 2 Compron detergency 11 kds coercil (AK) repeted 11 times Tble 3 Comprtive test result removl efficiency 11 kds coercil detergent two-wy nlys vrince repeted mesures (significnt levels 10%; *, 5%; **,1%; ***, 0.1%; ****) Vol.49 No.2 (2008) (143)

52 test crried under conditions time 10 m, rottion speed 450 rpm, temperture 25 Ž. detergent concentrtion liquid; strd concentrtion prcticl home use. Five lots s, however, sme lot s unit test 11 kds.

6 52 test crried under conditions time 10 m, rottion speed 450 rpm, temperture 25 Ž. detergent concentrtion liquid; strd concentrtion prcticl home use. Five lots s, however, sme lot s unit test 11 kds. unit test repeted 11 times. Tble 3 shows comprtive test results removl efficiency se two-wy nlys vrince repeted mesures. Here, comprtive nlys conducted ech pir. Higher detergency obted lots N V thn lots I IlI. se cn be divided two groups ccordg detergency. lower detergency group cludes two kds neutrl (F,G) one liquid type lklescent detergent (E). All or re clssified higher detergency group. It should be noted tht ph vlue detergent (E) solution 8.46 s shown Tble 1. Th ph vlue much lower thn those or lklescent. Except detergent (E), ny significnt difference cnnot be found between detergency lklescent tht ftty cid sops. Th result corresponds tht previous study10). 4. Conclusions In th study, smll scle test mgnetic stirrer proposed, pplicbility consumer exmed. results show tht effects time detergent concentrtion on removl efficiency observed th work re similr those pulsr type mche. Comprtive dt removl efficiency 11 kds coercil showed resonble results which lklescent hve higher detergency thn neutrl detergent. se re very vlid results test method th study cn be presumed be pplicble consumer. However, test proposed th pper should be considerg followg limittions. 1) Prcticl home lundry itself hs huge vriety mche, detergent, clos, soil. Only one model test not enough cover prcticl ccurtely. 2) Th test method shows higher removl efficiency thn norml home lundry, becuse mechnicl power th system greter, lod soil or dsorbent surfctnt smller thn prcticl lundry. 3) It desired compre mechnicl power th test method prcticl lundry mches, or typicl test mches such s Terg-O-Tometer. References 1) S. Abe, H. Wtnbe, M. Ktym, J Home Economics. Jpn., 46, 265 (1995). 2) M. Ktym, I. Miyzki, Y. Kobyshi, S. Abe, Bull. Tokyo Ksei Univ (2) Nturl Science, 36,119 (1996). 3)1. Miyzki, Y. Kobyshi, S. Abe, M. Ktym, Bull Tokyo Ksei Univ. (2) Nturl Science, 36, 127 (1996). 4) T. Tked, H. Okmo, S. Yur, Science & Industry, 71, 88 (1997). 5) S. Ichimur, H. Yoshid, Bull. Fculty Eduction, Ibrki Univ. Nturl science, 42,135 (1993). 6) M. Fujii, T. Tunod, R. Yoshid, M. Mori, H. Yonet, J. Tokyo Ksei Gku Univ, 30, 89 (1990). 7) Y. Iki, Bull. Tokyo Gkugei Univ. Section VI, Industry Technology Home Economics, 34, 99 (1982). 8) H. Ikuno, S. Tkeuchi, Y. Iki, Bull. Tokyo Gkugei Univ Section FI, Industry Technology Home Economics, 36, 71 (1984). 9) etashikana ME ( Criticl eyes); 90, 72 (1994). 10) M. Oy, Y.Ishikw, J. Jpn. Res. Assocition Textile End-Uses, 48, 613 (2007) (144)

631 ALLOWANES AND TOLERANCES

631 ALLOWANES AND TOLERANCES ANSI Fits. Tbles 3 through 9 inclusive show series of stndrd types nd clsses of fits on unilterl hole bsis, such tht the fit produced by mting prts in ny one clss will produce